RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the techniques and effects of percutaneous nephroscopic pneumatic and ultrasoud lithotripsy for complicated renal calculi.Methods Under the guidance of B-ultrasonography,a F_(24) working channel for percutaneous nephroscopy was established.Renal stones were fragmented and extracted under a F_(20.8) nephroscope by using the LithoClast Master(EMS,Switzerland).Results The time for unilateral complete stone clearance was 5~115 min(mean,35 min).All the stones were successfully fragmented and the stone clearance rate was 91.8%(45/49).The renal fistulization tube was removed at 4~6 days after operation and the urethral catheter was removed 2 days afterwards.The double-J tube was removed at 1 month after operation.The postoperative hospital stay was 4~6 days(mean,8 days).Residual stones