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The neural stimulator is a core component of animal robots. While the control effect of animal robots is influenced by various factors, the performance of the neural stimulator plays a decisive role in regulating animal robots. In order to optimize animal robots, embedded neural stimulators had been developed using flexible printed circuit board technology. This innovation not only enabled the stimulator to generate parameter-adjustable biphasic current pulses through control signals, but also optimized its carrying mode, material, and size, overcoming the disadvantages of traditional backpack or head-inserted stimulators, which have poor concealment and are prone to infection. Static, in vitro, and in vivo performance tests of the stimulator demonstrated that it not only had precise pulse waveform output capability, but also was lightweight and small in size. It had excellent in vivo performance in both laboratory and outdoor environments. Our study has high practical significance for the application of animal robots.
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Animales , RobóticaRESUMEN
Background: The term abandonment refers to babies or foetuses which are found abandoned at various unwanted places such as gutter, rubbish dumps, railway tracts and bushes. It does not refer to live born babies left in places, such as hospitals where care can be given by someone other than the mother. Aims and Objectives: To find out the distribution of death cases of newborns/feotuses and to trace its probable reason and its relationship with female foeticide.Methods:A retrospective study of all the medico-legal autopsies of foetuses and newborns was conducted in Forensic medicine and Toxicology department, Government Medical College, Amritsar (Punjab) from Jan 1, 2014 to Jul 31, 2021. During this period, 46 cases of fetal and newborn deaths had been studied.Results:The dead bodies of known foetuses/newborns is 43.5% cases while total unknown cases were 56.5% cases. 32.6% cases were non viable foetuses while 10.8% cases died as a result of prematurity. All the unknown cases (56.5%) were found from the abandoned places like street, bushes, canal side, water bodies that mainly includes pond and railway tract.Conclusion:Despite, the problem is present in every corner of the nation, there is dearth of research studies on this issue. Stringent measures and strict checks are required against antenatal sex determination. The motive behind the abandonment of foetuses can be any, but this grave issue needs urgent attention.
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Objective:To investigate the status of family function of patients after hysterectomy, explore the effect of self-concealment on family function.Methods:From January to November 2021,the 177 patients after hysterectomy in Guangdong Provincial People ′s Hospital were investigated by General Data Questionnaire, Family APGAR Indexand Self-Concealment Scale (SCS), and the influencing factors of family function were analyzed by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results:The total score of APGAR and SCS was 9.00 (6.50, 10.00) and 24.00 (17.00, 33.00) after hysterectomy. Univariate analysis showed that marital status, working conditions and tendency of self-concealment were the influencing factors of family function. In the regression analysis of binary Logistic, tendency of self-concealment( P<0.01) and marital status ( P<0.01) entered the regression equation. Conclusions:The family function of patients after hysterectomy is generally good, and self-concealment is a risk factor. It is suggested that in clinical work, attention should be paid to the tendency of self-concealment in patients after hysterectomy, and targeted intervention measures should be taken to improve their family function.
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RESUMEN Introducción: la orientación sexual es la atracción emocional, afectiva, romántica o sexual que uno siente hacia los demás. Su apertura y encubrimiento son variables que han sido ampliamente relacionadas con el estado de salud mental. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal y temporalmente prospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico, que incluyó a 277 estudiantes de Medicina (campus de Sajonia y de San Lorenzo, y Filial Santa Rosa del Aguaray) de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. La apertura/encubrimiento de la orientación sexual se determinó a través de adaptaciones españolas del "Outness Inventory" y de la "Sexual Orientation Concealment Scale". Resultados: las escalas utilizadas mostraron buenas consistencias internas (alpha de Cronbach=0,90). 17,3% de los encuestados se definía como parte de las minorías sexuales. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a los niveles de apertura de la orientación sexual en personas heterosexuales y en personas LGB+ [t(275)=8,2, p<0,01]. En la población de estudiantes de Medicina LGB+, se observaron menores niveles de apertura primero hacia la religión, y luego hacia la familia, Facultad y amigos (p<0,01). El 75% de los estudiantes de Medicina LGB+ ocultaron de alguna forma su orientación sexual en las últimas dos semanas. Conclusión: la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción debe considerar examinar de cerca su ambiente y cultura organizacional, así como su currículo, con el fin de garantizar que exista un entorno positivo e inclusivo para todos los estudiantes. La adopción de la diversidad en la educación médica permite formar médicos que puedan practicar la Medicina de manera competente, compasiva y con enfoque de derechos humanos.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Sexual orientation is the emotional, affective, romantic or sexual attraction that one feels towards others. Its disclosure and concealment are variables that have been widely related to mental health status. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and temporally prospective observational study, with a non-probabilistic sample, which included 277 medical students (Sajonia, San Lorenzo, and Santa Rosa del Aguaray campuses) from the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asunción. The disclosure/concealment of sexual orientation was determined through Spanish adaptations of the "Outness Inventory" and the "Sexual Orientation Concealment Scale". Results: The scales used showed good internal consistencies (Cronbach's α=0.90). 17.3% of those surveyed defined themselves as part of sexual minorities. Statistically significant differences were found in the levels of disclosure of sexual orientation in heterosexual people and in LGB+ people [t(275)= 8.2, p<0.01]. In the population of LGB+ medical students, lower levels of disclosure were observed, first towards religion, and then towards family, Faculty, and friends (p<0.01). 75% of LGB+ medical students concealed their sexual orientation in some way in the past two weeks. Conclusion: The Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asunción should consider closely examining its environment and organizational culture, as well as its curriculum, in order to guarantee that there is a positive and inclusive environment for all students. The adoption of diversity in medical education enables the training of physicians who can practice medicine competently, compassionately, and with a human rights approach.
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Objective:To investigate the influence of childhood traumatic experience on internet addiction of adolescents and the mediating effect of self-concealment.Methods:Childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), self-concealment scale(SCS) and adolescent pathological internet use scale(APIUS) were used to investigate 532 college students.SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis.Amos 24.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis, and the relevant assumptions were verified through structural equation model.Results:The total scores of childhood abuse, self-concealment and adolescent pathological internet use were (37.23±11.91), (26.09±9.26) and (82.15±28.09), respectively.Correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated with self-concealment ( r=0.27, P<0.01). Self-concealment was positively correlated with internet addiction ( r=0.47, P<0.01). Childhood trauma was positively correlated with internet addiction ( r=0.36, P<0.01). Mediating effect test showed that childhood trauma had a significant positive predictive effect on self-concealment ( β=0.34, P<0.01), self-concealment had a significant positive predictive effect on internet addiction ( β=0.34, P<0.01), and childhood trauma had a direct predictive effect on internet addiction ( β=0.31, P<0.01). Conclusion:Childhood trauma and self-concealment have significant influence on internet addiction, and self-concealment plays a partial mediating role between childhood trauma and internet addiction of adolescents.
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Objective To convey health empowerment and self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease and the correlation between them. Methods Convenient sampling was used, elderly patients with chronic disease health empowerment questionnaire, self- concealment questionnaire, general demographic information questionnaire were used to survey 490 community elderly patients with chronic disease. Results The elderly patients′ health empowerment average score was 3.02±0.86, self-concealment average score was 3.38±0.69, health empowerment and self-concealment had significant negative correlation (r=-0.389, P＜0.01). Conclusions The community elderly patients with chronic disease was at a moderate lower level, self-concealment was at a moderate higher level, relative people should decrease the degree of self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, increase the degree of health empowerment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, so as to promote the physical and psychological health of community elderly patients with chronic disease.
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Objective@#To convey health empowerment and self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease and the correlation between them.@*Methods@#Convenient sampling was used, elderly patients with chronic disease health empowerment questionnaire, self-concealment questionnaire, general demographic information questionnaire were used to survey 490 community elderly patients with chronic disease.@*Results@#The elderly patients′ health empowerment average score was 3.02±0.86, self-concealment average score was 3.38±0.69, health empowerment and self-concealment had significant negative correlation (r=-0.389, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The community elderly patients with chronic disease was at a moderate lower level, self-concealment was at a moderate higher level, relative people should decrease the degree of self-concealment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, increase the degree of health empowerment of community elderly patients with chronic disease, so as to promote the physical and psychological health of community elderly patients with chronic disease.
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Objective Random allocation concealment is important in ensuring high-guality randomized controlled clinical trial.In this paper , we aimed to design a more convenient and effective two couplet random allocation method through improving the random allocation concealment technology which uses the envelope method . Methods According to the randomized sequence , a two-couplet random allocation should be prepared for every subject and bound into a book in order , which named random assignment book with cover and instructions .The first couplet is to collect the enroll information and the second couplet is to show the allocation informa -tion.The serial numbers of the two couplets which around sealant are the same , and leave blank at the same areas of the two couplets for signing the enter information .The content of the first couplet can be completely copied to the second couplet .In order to avoid expo-sing the allocation information in advance , the back of the second couplet should be black-printed. When the subjects are sure qualified, the researchers selected the corresponding two couplet in a sequential order .Exposing the allocation infromation in the second couplet, and the subjects will be allocated to the group designated on the second couplet .This random allocation book should be entrusted to professional printing mechanism ,printing according to the random assignment sequence table and in the strict quality control .For the multicenter clinical trials , it can be printed in parts . Results The method has been implemented in nearly ten randomized controlled trials and obtained the consistent high praise . Conclusion The random allocation book method is easy to produce , simple operation and convenient in monitoring , which can effectively achieve the random allocation concealment in a clinical trial as well as having a sig -nificantly practical value in ensuring the quality of randomization .
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Objective and fair clinical trials are the main methods for assessing the clinical significances of the experimental findings. The development of translational medicine highly relies on high-quality clinical trials as well as trial reports. Although the definition of"quality of clinical trials"and"quality of trial reports"differs from each other, they are closely related and can be consistent in most circumstance in the context of"scientific integrity". The quality of trial reports can be basically assessed by their internal and external properties. The quality of a randomized trial can be assessed by Jadad scale and Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias, and the quality of a non-randomized trial by risk of bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa scale. However, since Jadad scale lacks appropriate appraisal of allocation concealment and is too simple in evaluating blind method, assessment of allocation concealment should be added. A more widely accepted approach for assessing the quality of random trials is the combination of Jadad scale and Schulz's approach to allocation concealment till recent years.For non-randomized cohort studies and case-control studies, Newcastle-Ottawa scale might be suitable at present time.
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Objective To explore the influence of self-concealment level on patients'quality of life and clinical curative effect for curing refractory chronic prostatitis(RCP)by high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU). Methods Patients of RCP who meet the diagnostic criteria were assessed with the Self-Concealment Scale(SCS), TDL's table of self-assessing quality of life and National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI).The patients whose SCS score were above the average score plus a standard deviation were taken as the high SCS group,and whose SCS Score were below the average score minus a standard deviation were taken as the low SCS group.The scores for CPSI and TDLs table of self-assessing quality of life and the clinical curative effect of the two groups were determined before and after the treatment by HIFU, respectively.Results The SCS score(35.75±10.34) of the RCP patients before HIFU treatment was significantly higher than the norm for male college students(29.20±8.73)(t=4.26,P<0.01).Two and six weeks after the HIFU application,the CPSI of both the high and the low SCS group decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the CPSI of the low SCS group de-creased more greatly than that of the high SCS group(P<0.01).The scores for TDL Life Quality Scale of low SCS group were significantly higher before and after two and six weeks'HIFU treatment than that of high self-concealment group(P<0.01).The TDL quality of life scale score of thelow SCS group increased respectively after two and six weeks'HIFU treatment (P<0.01),while for the high SCS group,this score increased only after six weeks' HIFU treatment(P<0.05).Six weeks after HIFU treatment,the clinical curative effect for the low SCS group was, observably better than that for high self-concealment(P<0.05).The SCS scores was significantly positive with CPSI scores(P<0.01),and significantly negative with the scores of TDL Life Quality Scale (P<0.01).Conclusion The symptom abatement,quality of life and clinical curative effect the RCP patients with a high self-concealment level were respectively worse after the HIFU treatment than that for whom with a low self-concealment level.
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BACKGROUND: Because low quality trials may lead to wrong conclusions, quality assessments are necessary. Thus, this study scrutinizes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine (KAFM) to assess the quantity and the quality. METHODS: Upon extracting randomized controlled trials from all the articles published in the Journal of the KAFM from 1980 to 2005, assessments were made on the Jadad scale and the adequacy of allocation concealment. The selections and assessments were performed independently by two researchers, and adjustment of the differences were done by a third-party researcher. In addition, the factors that may affect the quality levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three trials were included. In 1980s, there were only 1.09% of the total original articles, but in 2000s, 2.63% were RCTs. The mean total Jadad score increased from 1 point in 1980s to 2.17 in 2000s, and the "good quality" trials also increased from 0% to 33.33%. As for the adequate allocation concealment, however, only two studies were observed in 2000s. The most lacking aspect was the appropriate double-blinding. Also, studies intervened by medicine or funded or examined by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) tended to receive higher quality assessments. CONCLUSION: Although RCTs consistently increased in quantity and quality, in future studies, researchers should continue to strive towards achieving adequate allocation concealment and appropriate double-blinding. In addition, researchers must become more interested in receiving funds and examination by IRBs.
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Humanos , Comités de Ética en Investigación , Administración FinancieraRESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the impact of self-concealment,self-disclosure,coping style and per- ceived social support on university students'loneliness.Methods:Loneliness and related factors were assessed among 482 university students using scales including UCLA Loneliness Scale,Self-concealment Scale(SCS),Self-disclosure Index(SDI),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Results: The level of university students'loneliness was not high(36.5?7.4);males experienced more loneliness than fe- males(37.4?7.5/35.4?7.3,F=8.25,P0.05). Regression analysis showed that SCS,SCSQ and PSSS predicted UCLA effectively(?=0.207,-0.218,0.157, -0.380).The testing of mediating effect indicated that SCS had direct and indirect impact on UCLA through nega- tive coping style and PSSS;SDI had only indirect impact on UCLA through positive coping style and PSSS.Conclusion:SCS,SDI,SCSQ and PSSS are important factors influencing UCLA,and the intervention of univer- sity students'loneliness should focus on these variables.