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Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of 38 HIV-1 positive seroconcordant couples in Yunnan Province. Methods The samples of HIV-1 antibody screened initially and positive confirmed in the Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Infectious Diseases Specialist Hospital from 2014 to 2016 and laboratory data were collected. 41 samples from HIV-1 positive seroconcordant couples were selected and sequenced by RT-nested-PCR amplification. After the sequences were aligned and spliced, the qualified pol gene region sequence was used to construct phylogenetic tree and analyze subtypes, and the gene distance differences between each positive couple were calculated. Results A total of 76 pol gene regions from 38 HIV-1 positive seroconcordant couples were obtained. The major gene subtypes included CRF08_BC (45,59.2%), CRF07_BC (18,23.7%) and CRF01_AE (7,9.2%), there were also C (4, 5.3%) and B (2, 2.6%). Phylogenetic tree analysis and gene distance calculation clearly showed that HIV transmission between relationship partners occurred in 9 HIV-1 positive seroconcordant couples. Conclusions As the proportion of sexual transmission of HIV has risen year by year, the transmission between husband and wife should be the focus of our attention. Late diagnosis of HIV infection is the main factor that causes the transmission between husband and wife. For special populations, monitoring and testing should be strengthened as soon as possible, so as to reduce the occurrence of transmission between AIDS couples.
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Breast carcinoma is showing an increasing trend amongst urban women population. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is a widely accepted risk assessment procedure for carcinoma breast in clinical practice. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established and important preoperative diagnostic modality. We have done a two year comparative study of these two procedures in the department of Pathology, at Gandhi Hospital from June 2014 to May 2016. We have done 720 FNACs for breast lesions during this period and compared the results with BI-RADS classification by mammography / ultrasound screening at the department of radiology, Gandhi Hospital. Out of total 720 patients who underwent FNAC, BI-RADS grading was available for only 540 cases. Cytological patterns were compared with BI-RADS grading for these 540 cases. The Concordance and Discordance among these findings are discussed with special emphasis on grade 4 and Grade 5 BI-RADS lesions in which carcinoma breast risk is high.
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A large number of Indian couples are exposed to the risk of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The present records-based study was undertaken at the voluntary counselling and testing facility of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India to determine HIV prevalence among Indian couples; to assess the magnitude of seroconcordance and discordance among HIV-affected couples; and to compare the concordant and discordant partnerships for sociodemographic determinants and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts. Of the 1309 couples included in the study, 249 (19%) were HIV-affected, and of them 113 (45.4%) were concordantly and 136 (54.6%) discordantly affected by HIV. Males were the HIV-infected partners in 72% of the serodiscordant partnerships analyzed. Seroconcordance was significantly associated with the occupation status of being a housewife (P = 0.009). The contribution of discordant partnerships to the burden of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is significant, warranting novel couple-targeted counselling strategies and preventive measures, including safe sexual behavior and possibly preexposure HIV prophylaxis of the uninfected partner.
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OBJETIVO: Pacientes com esclerose mesial temporal (EMT) são clinicamente classificados como concordantes ou discordantes de acordo com a extensão da atividade epileptogênica. O objetivo desse estudo é verificar se as alterações metabólicas no hipocampo são diferentes nos dois grupos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 33 pacientes diagnosticados com EMT, 23 concordantes (33±9 anos) e 10 discordantes (33±10 anos), e 28 controles (33±10 anos). Foi obtida espectroscopia por ressonância magnética de ambos os hipocampos (ipsi e contralateral) com aparelho de 3T e com a sequência PRESS de vóxel único com TE/TR=135/1500ms. Os principais metabólitos foram quantificados com o LCModel. Para a comparação entre os grupos foram realizados testes estatísticos com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Para todos os pacientes foi observada redução de NAAipsi e Cr ipsi quando comparado com o lado contralateral, porém esta diferença foi significativa apenas para o grupo de pacientes concordantes. Quando comparado com o grupo controles houve uma redução significativa de Cr ipsi e NAAipsi para os dois grupos e da relação NAA/Cr ipsi para o grupo de pacientes concordantes enquanto que a relação NAA/Cr contra estava diminuída apenas no grupo de pacientes discordantes. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados sugerem uma maior diminuição do NAA/Cr ipsi no grupo de pacientes concordantes e da relação NAA/Cr contra no grupo de pacientes discordantes apontando para um padrão diferente de alteração metabólica para os dois grupos. Porém é preciso aumentar o tamanho da amostra para confirmar estes resultados.
PURPOSE: Patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) are clinically classified as concordant or discordant according to the extent of epileptogenic activity. The aim of this study is to determine whether the metabolic changes in the hippocampus are different in the two groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 33 patients diagnosed with MTS, 23 concordant (33±9 years old) and 10 discordant (33±10 years old) and 28 controls (33±10 years old) were evaluated. We obtained magnetic resonance spectroscopy of both hippocampi (ipsilateral and contralateral) on a 3T scanner with single voxel PRESS sequence with TE/TR=135/1500ms. The main metabolites were quantified with LC Model. For comparison between groups statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: In all patients a reduction of NAAipsi and Cr ipsi was observed, when compared to the contralateral side, but this difference was only significant for the group of concordant patients. In comparison with controls a significant reduction of Cr ipsi and NAAipsi was observed for both groups and for Naa/Cr ipsi in the group of concordant patients while NAA/Cr contra was reduced only in the group of discordant patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a stronger decline of NAA/Cr ipsi in the group of concordant patients and of NAA/Cr contra in discordant patients, suggesting a slightly different metabolic pattern for both groups. However, we need to increase the sample size to confirm these findings.