RESUMEN
Introducción: Las anemias diseritropoyéticas congénitas constituyen un grupo de trastornos hereditarios caracterizados por anemia refractaria, eritropoyesis ineficaz y alteraciones morfológicas de los eritroblastos. La anemia diseritropoyética congénita tipo I es la más frecuente, no obstante, constituye una rara enfermedad con particularidades morfológicas y moleculares. Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos más novedosos en cuanto a la patogenia molecular, el diagnóstico genético y el tratamiento de la anemia diseritropoyética congénita tipo I. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, en inglés y español. Se utilizaron motores de búsqueda como Google académico y Pubmed que permitió el acceso a artículos actualizados del tema. Se hizo un análisis y resumen de la bibliografía revisada. Análisis y síntesis de la información: La anemia diseritropoyética congénita tipo I es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica recesiva. Se caracteriza por anemia de grado variable, reticulocitopenia, alteraciones morfológicas de la serie roja en la lámina periférica y un número elevado de eritroblastos binucleados conectados por puentes internucleares en el aspirado de médula ósea. Se han identificado múltiples alteraciones moleculares que involucran fundamentalmente a los genes CDAN1 y C15orf41. Las proteínas codificadas por estos genes participan en proceso vitales como el ciclo celular, la reparación del ADN y la transcripción de ARN. Conclusiones: El estudio de las bases moleculares de la anemia diseritropoyética congénita tipo I ha cambiado la perspectiva en el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. Los protocolos de tratamiento son similares a otras anemias hemolíticas hereditarias aunque se destaca el uso del Interferón-α(AU)
Introduction: Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias belong to a group of hereditary disorders characterized by refractory anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis and morphological alterations of erythroblasts. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I is the most frequent; however, it is a rare disease with morphological and molecular characteristics. Objective: To analyze the most updated aspects regarding molecular pathogenesis, genetic diagnosis and treatment of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I. Methods: A review of the literature in English and Spanish was carried out. Search engines such as Google Scholar and Pubmed were used, which allowed access to updated articles on the subject. An analysis and summary of the revised bibliography was carried out. Information analysis and synthesis: Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease. It is characterized by anemia of variable degree, reticulocytopenia, morphological alterations of the red series in the peripheral lamina, and high number of binucleated erythroblasts connected by internuclear bridges in the bone marrow aspirate. Multiple molecular alterations have been identified, mainly involving the CDAN1 and C15orf41 genes. The proteins encoded by these genes participate in vital processes, such as the cell cycle, DNA repair, and RNA transcription. Conclusions: The study of the molecular bases of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I has changed the perspective concerning the diagnosis of this disease. Treatment protocols are similar to other hereditary hemolytic anemias, although the use of Interferon-α stands out(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Patogenesia Homeopática/métodos , Interferones/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/epidemiología , Anemia Diseritropoyética Congénita/diagnóstico , Anemia Diseritropoyética Congénita/terapiaRESUMEN
Objective@#To enrich the gene mutation sites and accumulate treatment experience of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type Ⅱ by reporting one case of CDA patient with new mutation site of SEC23B and was successfully treated by homozygous allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) .@*Methods@#The mutation within SEC23B gene in a child case with the reduced hemoglobin for more than 3 months, and his family were analyzed in combination with literatures review.@*Results@#A 3-day 5-month female child was admitted due to "decreasing hemoglobin for more than 3 months" , blood routine test showed HGB 44 g/L, positive for acid hemolysis test (Ham test) . Bone marrow showed that the proportion of erythroid line was 69%, mainly middle and late juvenile erythrocytes, binuclear and odd nucleated erythrocytes could be observed, and nuclear fragmentation and nuclear budding could be seen occasionally in nucleated erythrocytes, transmission electron microscopy disclosed that bone marrow harbored the typical double-layer membrane structure of nuclear erythrocytes. There were two unreported new mutation sites in the SEC23B gene, including 1504 G>C/wt and c. 2254-2255 insert A/wt. The two mutations were derived from the father and mother of the child respectively. At the late stage, the child was successfully treated with allo-HSCT, the original mutation turned negative.@*Conclusion@#This study reported the mutation type of SEC23B gene insertion for the first time in China. Allo-HSCT could be utilized as a treatment for CDA.
RESUMEN
Objective: To enrich the gene mutation sites and accumulate treatment experience of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type Ⅱ by reporting one case of CDA patient with new mutation site of SEC23B and was successfully treated by homozygous allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: The mutation within SEC23B gene in a child case with the reduced hemoglobin for more than 3 months, and his family were analyzed in combination with literatures review. Results: A 3-day 5-month female child was admitted due to "decreasing hemoglobin for more than 3 months" , blood routine test showed HGB 44 g/L, positive for acid hemolysis test (Ham test) . Bone marrow showed that the proportion of erythroid line was 69%, mainly middle and late juvenile erythrocytes, binuclear and odd nucleated erythrocytes could be observed, and nuclear fragmentation and nuclear budding could be seen occasionally in nucleated erythrocytes, transmission electron microscopy disclosed that bone marrow harbored the typical double-layer membrane structure of nuclear erythrocytes. There were two unreported new mutation sites in the SEC23B gene, including 1504 G>C/wt and c. 2254-2255 insert A/wt. The two mutations were derived from the father and mother of the child respectively. At the late stage, the child was successfully treated with allo-HSCT, the original mutation turned negative. Conclusion: This study reported the mutation type of SEC23B gene insertion for the first time in China. Allo-HSCT could be utilized as a treatment for CDA.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Anemia Diseritropoyética Congénita/genética , China , Eritroblastos , Mutación , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/genéticaRESUMEN
It has been known that extramedullary hematopoiesis occurring after birth can be developed in various diseases, and it is often found in hematologic diseases. Among these, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia is a rare disease characterized with increase of ineffective hematopoiesis and morphological abnormalities of erythroblasts. In congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, extramedullary hematopoiesis is very rare and only a few cases have been reported. Although treatment is not required if there is no symptom in extramedullary hematopoiesis, surgery or radiation therapy is effective in case that there is symptom or unresponsive anemia despite blood transfusion. This case report is about surgical treatment for extramedullary hematopoiesis in 23-year-old patients diagnosed of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto Joven , Anemia , Anemia Diseritropoyética Congénita , Transfusión Sanguínea , Eritroblastos , Enfermedades Hematológicas , Hematopoyesis , Hematopoyesis Extramedular , Parto , Enfermedades RarasRESUMEN
La anemia diseritropoyética congénita se engloba dentro de un grupo raro y heterogéneo de trastornos eritrocitarios caracterizados por eritropoyesis ineficaz, anemia megaloblástica, hemosiderosis secundaria e hidrops fetal. Presentamos el caso de un feto de 20 semanas con hidrops como consecuencia de una anemia fetal intensa por eritropoyesis ineficaz. Ante el hallazgo de hidrops fetal no inmune es fundamental un diagnóstico etiológico precoz para ofrecer a la pareja las alternativas terapéuticas más adecuadas.
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia is a rare group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, megaloblastic anemia, secondary hemosiderosis and fetal hydrops. We report a case of a 20 week old fetus with hydrops as a consequence of a severe fetal anemia resulting from ineffective erythropoiesis. When non-immune fetal hydrops is found, it is essential an early etiological diagnosis to give the parents the most appropriate therapeutic options.