Efecto Facilitador del Contexto Verbal Congruente en el Reconocimiento de las Expresiones de Asco e Ira / Facilitating Effect of the Congruent Verbal Context in the Recognition of Expressions of Disgust and Anger

Resumen Las expresiones faciales de la emoción son estímulos con un alto valor adaptativo que atraen de manera prioritaria la atención. Por otro lado, el lenguaje podría incrementar el acceso al conocimiento conceptual, facilitando el reconocimiento de una expresión facial congruente con la información verbal. Este efecto de priming emocional se ha demostrado consistente en diferentes estudios, pero pocos lo han analizado teniendo en cuenta expresiones faciales de asco e ira. Este será el objetivo de la presente investigación. Participaron 50 estudiantes universitarios con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 34 años. Se utilizaron 10 palabras de asco 10 palabras de ira y 10 neutras. También se utilizaron 30 expresiones faciales de asco, ira y neutralidad, obtenidas de la base de datos NimStimFace Stimulus Set (Tottenham et al., 2009). Los resultados evidenciaron un efecto de facilitación en la tasa de aciertos tanto para la expresión de ira, como para la expresión de asco, cuando el prime era congruente emocionalmente. Por otro lado solo se observó una facilitación en los tiempos de respuesta para la expresión de ira cuando venía precedida de una prime verbal congruente. Se discuten los resultados dentro del enfoque constructivista de la emoción.

Abstract The facial expressions of emotion are stimuli with a high adaptive value, which attract attention as a priority. On the other hand, language could increase access to conceptual knowledge, facilitating the recognition of a facial expression congruent with verbal information. This effect of emotional priming has been shown to be consistent in different studies, but few have analyzed it taking into account facial expressions of disgust and anger. This will be the objective of the present investigation. 50 university students with ages between 18 and 34 participated. 10 words of disgust, 10 words of anger and 10 neutral words were used. We also used 30 facial expressions of disgust, anger and neutrality, obtained from the NimStimFace Stimulus Set database (Tottenham et al., 2009). The results showed a facilitating effect on the rate of success for both the expression of anger, and for the expression of disgust, when the prime was emotionally congruent. On the other hand, only facilitation was observed in the response times for the expression of anger when it was preceded by a congruent verbal prime. The results are discussed within the constructivist approach of emotion.

Mood-Congruent Bias to Emotional Word, Face, and Scene Stimuli in Patients with Bipolar Mania : Comparison to Normal and Schizophrenia Subjects / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: Patients with bipolar mania have difficulty in recognizing or attending to negatively affective stimuli and have an affective bias, which is congruent with the current mood. However, previous reports have adopted words or facial pictures, not scenic pictures as affective stimuli. In this study, patients with mania performed the word, face and scenic picture-based affective go-nogo tasks respectively. The results were compared to those of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty patients with bipolar mania, 20 patients with schizophrenia, and 20 healthy comparison subjects, matched for age, gender and intelligence, performed affective gonogo tasks which contained happy/sad words, facial pictures, and scenic pictures respectively. RESULTS: On the scenic picturebased affective go-nogo task, a significant interaction between subject group and target valence emerged {F (2, 57)=4.86, p<0.05}. Pairwise comparison showed the manic patients required significantly more time to respond to sad than to happy stimuli (t=3.22, df=19, p<0.01), but schizophrenia patents and healthy subjects did not differ in time to respond to happy or sad stimuli (t=1.95, df=19, p=0.07 ; t=-1.23, df=19, p=0.23). CONCLUSION: Manic patients displayed a mood-congruent bias toward affective scenic pictures, but not toward affective word or facial pictures. This finding suggests that complex and scenic stimuli may give a more influence on the affective arousal state and therefore increase the mood-congruent bias in manic patients.

Mood-Congruent Bias to Emotional Word, Face, and Scene Stimuli in Patients with Bipolar Mania : Comparison to Normal and Schizophrenia Subjects / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: Patients with bipolar mania have difficulty in recognizing or attending to negatively affective stimuli and have an affective bias, which is congruent with the current mood. However, previous reports have adopted words or facial pictures, not scenic pictures as affective stimuli. In this study, patients with mania performed the word, face and scenic picture-based affective go-nogo tasks respectively. The results were compared to those of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty patients with bipolar mania, 20 patients with schizophrenia, and 20 healthy comparison subjects, matched for age, gender and intelligence, performed affective gonogo tasks which contained happy/sad words, facial pictures, and scenic pictures respectively. RESULTS: On the scenic picturebased affective go-nogo task, a significant interaction between subject group and target valence emerged {F (2, 57)=4.86, p<0.05}. Pairwise comparison showed the manic patients required significantly more time to respond to sad than to happy stimuli (t=3.22, df=19, p<0.01), but schizophrenia patents and healthy subjects did not differ in time to respond to happy or sad stimuli (t=1.95, df=19, p=0.07 ; t=-1.23, df=19, p=0.23). CONCLUSION: Manic patients displayed a mood-congruent bias toward affective scenic pictures, but not toward affective word or facial pictures. This finding suggests that complex and scenic stimuli may give a more influence on the affective arousal state and therefore increase the mood-congruent bias in manic patients.

Influences of Affect States and Mood Congruent/Incongruent Variables on Psychosis-Proneness / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of affect states and mood congruent/incongruent variables in psychosis-proneness. METHODS: Five hundred and two undergraduate students completed the SPQ and other scales. Psychosis-proneness was measured by Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and affect states were measured by Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Mood congruent variables were measured by Mood reactivity in Mood Survey and Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), and mood incongruent variables were measured by Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), Emotional Inhibition and Aggression Control in Emotional Control Questionnaire (ECQ). RESULTS: By hierachical regression analysis, total 39.1% of SPQ total score variance was explained by emotion related variables. In detail, negative and positive affect states explained 26% of variance, and affect intensity and mood reactivity of mood-congruent variables added 7.7% and mood aware, emotional inhibition & aggression control among mood-incongruent variables added 5.5%. And emotion related variables explained 43.8% of negative symptom, 27.6% of positive symptom and 23.6% of disorganization score. CONCLUSION: Negative affect was revealed as important factor for psychosis-proneness, and positive affect acted as the reversed role. Mood reactivity and affect intensity acted as mood congruent variables which amplified and reinforced the influence of negative affect on psychosis-proneness. Mood aware, repair and aggression control acted as mood incongruent variables which modulated and reduce the influence of negative affect, while mood attention and emotional inhibition acted as mood congruent variables in contrast with the prediction.