RESUMEN
The control of water conservancy ecosystem for Oncomelaniahupensissnails and water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control are an important part of the comprehensive control of schistosomiasis in China. It has played an important role in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in a long-term. The technique regulation for water con-servancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention has nearly 30 years’development gradually and formed a series of technical specification. Its theoretical basis is associated with the water ecology and hydraulics of snails. This paper mainly reviews the soil, grass, water, light and others related to ecological elements of the snails, and the water conservancy ecological control technique of snails and the current water conservancy measurements combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control in the field of schistosomiasis prevention and control, and puts forward the proposals for the water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control technology development in the future. The water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control should have further development in the new situation in order to play a more important role for schistosomiasis elimination in China.
RESUMEN
Objective To evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with mollus-cicide to control Oncomelania hupensis snails in the rivers connecting with the Yangtze River. Methods The water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects of Zhujiashan River,Qili River and Gaowang River were chosen as the study objects in Pukou District,Nanjing City. The data review method and field investigation were used to evaluate the effect of the water conservancy schistosomiasis control projects combined with molluscicide to control O. hupensis snails. Results After the projects of the wa-ter level control and concrete slope protection and mollusciciding were implemented,the snails in the project river sections were completely eliminated. The snail diffusion did not happen in the inland irrigation area too. In the outside of the river beach , though the snails still existed,the snail densities plunged below 1.0 snail per 1.0 m2. Conclusion The comprehensive mea-sures of the combination of water level control,concrete slope protection and mollusciciding can effectively control and eliminate the snails,and prevent the snails from spreading.
RESUMEN
The spread of schistosomiasis seriously threaten the health of people and hinder the economic and social develop-ment in China. The water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control effectively controlled the spread of schistosomiasis by controlling the spread of Oncomelania hupensis,the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. This pa-per reviews the evolution of the strategy of schistosomiasis prevention and control in China and points out the historical role of wa-ter conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control. Furthermore,this article analyzes the problems and chal-lenges of water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control in the new period. In response to the challeng-es,the new strategy of water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control is put forward,including:devel-oping the research of the new strategy of water conservancy combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control,enhancing the research of water conservancy technology combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control,improving the efficiency and ap-plicability of water conservancy projects combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control,strengthening the guidance of wa-ter conservancy technology combined with schistosomiasis prevention and control,and perfecting the evaluation system.
RESUMEN
This article summarized the history, achievements and experiences in controlling and eradicating schistosomiasis in Shanghai under the concerning of Chairman Mao, described the damage of schistosomiasis endemic and decision making as well as the achievement for elimination.The first tide of schistosomiasis elimination (1956-1969) was to mobilize people to involve into detection and treatment of disease.Combined with farmland renovation, snails were controlled in water conservancy facilities.By repeated molluscacide spraying, the snail density reduced remarkably.The second tide of schistosomiasis elimination was carried out during the difficult periods ( 1960-1975 ) . Snail control continued until schistosomiasis eliminated.New methods of detection and snail control were improved.Areas with snails were cleaned one by one until completely eliminated.The third tide of elimination was consolidation and surveillance (1975-1990).After repeated detection and surveillance, in total 30 000 oncomelania were captured in 22 towns, among which none was positive.Detection to 150 000 people was carried out, and no new infectious case was found.No new infectious case was found in middle school students, recruit workers and new students.After 35 years of efforts to the successful elimination of schistosomiasis in Shanghai, both the production of the farmlands and life expectancy increased.
RESUMEN
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an aedes mosquito borne pathogen belonging to the member of flaviviridae subgroup is the causative agent of an emerging disease called Zika fever, known as a benign infection usually presenting as influenza like illness with cutaneous rash. Due to recent epidemic outbreaks it is realized as a major health risk which need enhanced surveillance, but no attempt has been made to design an epitope based peptide vaccine against Zika virus. Viral envelope proteins are derived from host cell membrane proteins with some viral glycoproteins and are used to cover their protective protein capsid, help the viruses to enter host cells and help them to avoid the host immune response. In this study, amino acid sequence of ZIKV envelope glycoprotein was obtained from a protein database and examined with in silico approaches to determine the most immunogenic epitopes for B cell and T cell which could induce humoral as well as cell mediated immune response. Both the linear and conformational epitopes for B cell were predicted by immunoinformatics tools housed in IEDB resources. The peptide sequence DAHAKRQTVVVLGSQEGAV from position 121 and peptide sequence from 117-137 amino acids were predicted as most potential B cell linear and conformational epitopes respectively. Epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell were also predicted by using tools within IEDB resource and peptide sequence MMLELDPPF from position 250-258 amino acids was predicted as most immunogenic CD8+ T cell epitope with immune response evoking ability prediction score (I pMHC) of 0.09139 and conservancy of 52.17%. The innate immune response for ZIKV envelope glycoprotein was determined by interferon (IFN)-gamma effectuation and mimicking capacity by immunoinformatics and molecular docking study respectively. However, this is an introductory approach to design an epitope based peptide vaccine against Zika virus; we hope this model will be very much helpful in designing and predicting novel vaccine candidate.