Caracterización de consorcios microbianos lixiviantes de sulfuro de cobre aislados de drenajes ácidos de minas altoandinas

La biolixiviación, usando consorcios microbianos, es considera una alternativa ecoeficiente y de bajo costo para la recuperación de metales a partir de minerales de baja ley. En este estudio, se realizó la caracterización fisiológica y molecular de consorcios microbianos psicrotolerantes lixiviantes (CMPL), aislados de drenajes ácidos de minas de cuatro localidades mineras de las provincias de Pasco y Huarochirí, Perú, ubicados sobre los 4200 m de altitud. Se aislaron seis consorcios adaptados a medio 9K con ion ferroso y medio basal 9K con CuS al 0.5% p/v a 15 °C. Se evidenció la liberación de cobre en todos los consorcios. El CMPL con mejor crecimiento, presentó una recuperación de cobre de 12.47% en 30 días de evaluación. Los análisis de la secuenciación del gen ARNr 16S de la comunidad bacteriana, mostraron que los CMPL están dominados por el género Acidithiobacillus, seguido de Acidiphilium. En conclusión, se obtuvieron consorcios que pueden ser aplicados en biolixiviación de cobre en la minería altoandina.

Bioleaching, using microbial consortia, is regarded as an eco-efficient and cost-effective alternative for the recovery of metals from low-grade ores. In this study, we conducted physiological and molecular characterization of psychrotolerant leaching microbial consortia (PLMC) isolated from acid mine drainage in four mining sites within the Pasco and Huarochirí provinces of Peru, situated at altitudes above 4200 meters. Six consortia adapted to a medium containing ferrous ions (9K medium) and a basal medium with 0.5% w/v CuS at 15°C were isolated. All consortia exhibited copper release. The PLMC with the most robust growth achieved a copper recovery of 12.47% within 30 days of evaluation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the bacterial community revealed that the PLMCs were predominantly dominated by the genus Acidithiobacillus, followed by Acidiphilium. In conclusion, consortia suitable for copper biolixiviation in high-altitude mining contexts were successfully obtained.

Analysis of vaginal microecology in 23 181 cases of the gynecological female outpatients / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To analyze the vaginal microecological status of vaginitis population and non-vaginitis population of gynecological female outpatients.Methods:A total of 30 265 women who visited the gynecological outpatient clinic of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 completed vaginal microecological examination. After removing the follow-up patients, 23 181 women were divided into group with symptoms and signs of vaginitis (6 697 cases) and group without symptoms and signs of vaginitis (16 484 cases), according to whether the women with symptoms and signs of vaginitis or not. And the vaginal microecological status of the two groups was compared and analyzed.Results:(1) The total detection rate of vaginitis in the initial women was 34.87% (8 083/23 181), of which 46.10% (3 087/6 697) in group with symptoms and signs of vaginitis and 30.31% (4 996/16 484) in group without symptoms and signs of vaginitis, nearly 1/3 of the gynecological outpatients without signs and symptoms of vaginitis had vaginitis. (2) Among the types of simple vaginitis, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) was the most frequent in group with symptoms and signs of vaginitis (16.01%, 1 072/6 697), followed by aerobic vaginitis (AV; 12.83%, 859/6 697), with significant differences compared with group without symptoms and signs of vaginitis (all P<0.001). There were no statistical differences between the two groups of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomonal vaginitis (TV), indicating that BV and TV were more likely to be neglected (all P>0.05). (3) The proportion of various combinations of vaginitis among 2 632 cases of mixed vaginitis were, in descending order: BV+AV, VVC+AV, BV+AV+VVC, AV+TV, AV+TV+BV, BV+VVC. (4) Microecological analysis of 15 098 cases diagnosed with non-vaginitis had normal flora (including those with normal flora and those with normal flora but decreased function) in 14 013 cases (92.81%, 14 013/15 098), abnormal flora in 429 cases (2.84%, 429/15 098) and the BV intermediate in 656 cases (4.34%, 656/15 098); this indicated that the vast majority of the microecological tests were normal in the vaginal microbiota of those without vaginitis. Conclusions:Microecological examination could diagnose multiple pathogenic infections at once, and is especially important as a guide for the definitive diagnosis of mixed vaginitis and vaginitis with atypical clinical symptoms. Vaginal infections such as BV and TV that are easily overlooked should be concerned.

Mechanism of action of the microbial quorum-sensing system in the development of skin inflammation / 中华皮肤科杂志

Quorum-sensing system is a way of communication between cells that depends on changes in population density of microorganisms, and is closely associated with variety and pathogenicity of skin microbiota. The synthesis of virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) is regulated by the accessory gene regulator (Agr) quorum-sensing system. Various skin commensals such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium can inhibit the Agr quorum-sensing system of S. aureus, thus decrease the synthesis of virulence factors and attenuate skin inflammation. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of microbial quorum-sensing system in skin inflammation and various quorum-sensing inhibitors.

Role of probiotics in the treatment of acne / 中华皮肤科杂志

Recent studies have shown that changes in the gut and skin microbiome can directly affect the occurrence of acne. Regulating the skin and gut microbiome has brought new directions for the treatment of acne, and the most direct way to achieve this goal is to restore the balance of the microbiome through the use of probiotics. This review summarizes the relationship between acne and microbiome, and research progress in probiotics for the treatment of acne.

Analysis of the nail microbiome in patients with onychomycosis by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate differences in bacterial and fungal microbiome between infected nails and healthy nails among patients with onychomycosis.Methods:Nail scraping samples were collected from infected nails and healthy nails of 31 patients with onychomycosis, who visited Dalian Dermatosis Hospital from August 2020 to July 2021. The total DNA of nail microbiota was extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were amplified and sequenced using Illumina technology. The USEARCH and mothur softwares were used for data cluster analysis to obtain the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) , Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze α diversity, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) was performed to analyze β diversity, linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) was performed to evaluate the species difference.Results:Among the 31 patients with onychomycosis, 16 were males and 15 were females. According to the age, they were divided into young group (18 - 35 years old, 10 cases) , middle-aged group (36 - 60 years old, 11 cases) , and elderly group (over 60 years old, 10 cases) . As the α-diversity analysis revealed, the infected nail group showed significantly decreased Shannon index ( W = 290, P = 0.007) , but significantly increased Simpson index ( W = 663, P = 0.010) compared with the healthy nail group, suggesting that the diversity and evenness of bacterial communities were lower in the infected nail group than in the healthy nail group; however, there was no significant difference in the diversity of fungal communities between the infected nail group and healthy nail group. The β-diversity analysis based on the unweighted-UniFrac distance matrix showed no significant difference in the fungal or bacterial community composition between the infected nail group and healthy nail group (bacterial communities: R = 0.0052, P = 0.331; fungal communities: R = 0.0036, P = 0.337) ; the β-diversity analysis based on the weighted-UniFrac distance matrix showed significant differences in the abundance of bacterial and fungal communities between the two groups (both P = 0.001) . In terms of the species composition, the bacterial flora with significantly decreased abundance in the infected nail group compared with the healthy nail group included Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas and Streptococcus, while the abundance of Bacilli, Bacillales and Staphylococcus was significantly higher in the infected nail group than in the healthy nail group. Compared with the healthy nail group, the fungal flora with significantly increased abundance in the infected nail group included Eurotiomycetes, Onygenales, Leotiomycetes-ord-incertae-sedis, Arthrodermataceae, Periconia, Erysiphe, Tilletiopsis, Trichophyton, Erysiphe cruciferarum, Trichophyton rubrum, Malassezia sympodialis, while the abundance of Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetaceae, Dothioraceae, Candida and Alternaria was significantly lower in the infected nail group than in the healthy nail group. Conclusion:The diversity and abundance of bacterial communities significantly differed between infected nails and healthy nails among patients with onychomycosis, while only the abundance of fungal communities differed between the two groups, and perhaps there was correlations between some bacterial and fungal communities.

Association of microbiota with hair and scalp diseases / 中华皮肤科杂志

Skin microbiota is associated with various skin diseases. Scalp hair follicles penetrate deeply into the skin, and carry complex microbial communities distinct from those on the skin surface. Local imbalance of microbial communities may impair the skin barrier function, leading to a variety of hair and scalp diseases. This review discusses changes in microbial diversity and colonization by specific microorganisms in various hair diseases, including dandruff, folliculitis decalvans, etc., and provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for various hair and scalp diseases.

Symbiotic homeostasis of Staphylococcus epidermidis is associated with common skin disorders / 中华皮肤科杂志

Staphylococcus epidermidis can exhibit both protective and opportunistic pathogenic effects on the skin: on the one hand, it suppresses pathogenic bacteria and inflammation, assists the innate immune system of the skin, and maintains homeostasis of skin microenvironment; on the other hand, it exhibits pathogenic potential. How Staphylococcus epidermidis affects human skin conditions depends not only on itself, but also on the communication among it, the host immune system, other microorganisms and environment factors. The balance of this interaction is the symbiotic homeostasis of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and when the homeostasis is disrupted, a variety of skin diseases such as acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, rosacea and melanoma can occur. Factors affecting the symbiotic homeostasis of Staphylococcus epidermidis include environmental conditions such as temperature, oxygen content and nutrition, antibiotics, the number of other microorganisms, microecological diversity, etc. This review summarizes recent research progress in symbiotic homeostasis of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Engineering microbial consortia through synthetic biology approach / 生物工程学报

There are a large number of natural microbial communities in nature. Different populations inside the consortia expand the performance boundary of a single microbial population through communication and division of labor, reducing the overall metabolic burden and increasing the environmental adaptability. Based on engineering principles, synthetic biology designs or modifies basic functional components, gene circuits, and chassis cells to purposefully reprogram the operational processes of the living cells, achieving rich and controllable biological functions. Introducing this engineering design principle to obtain structurally well-defined synthetic microbial communities can provide ideas for theoretical studies and shed light on versatile applications. This review discussed recent progresses on synthetic microbial consortia with regard to design principles, construction methods and applications, and prospected future perspectives.

Design and applications of synthetic electroactive microbial consortia / 生物工程学报

Synthetic electroactive microbial consortia, which include exoelectrogenic and electrotrophic communities, catalyze the exchange of chemical and electrical energy in cascade metabolic reactions among different microbial strains. In comparison to a single strain, a community-based organisation that assigns tasks to multiple strains enables a broader feedstock spectrum, faster bi-directional electron transfer, and greater robustness. Therefore, the electroactive microbial consortia held great promise for a variety of applications such as bioelectricity and biohydrogen production, wastewater treatment, bioremediation, carbon and nitrogen fixation, and synthesis of biofuels, inorganic nanomaterials, and polymers. This review firstly summarized the mechanisms of biotic-abiotic interfacial electron transfer as well as biotic-biotic interspecific electron transfer in synthetic electroactive microbial consortia. This was followed by introducing the network of substance and energy metabolism in a synthetic electroactive microbial consortia designed by using the "division-of-labor" principle. Then, the strategies for engineering synthetic electroactive microbial consortiums were explored, which included intercellular communications optimization and ecological niche optimization. We further discussed the specific applications of synthetic electroactive microbial consortia. For instance, the synthetic exoelectrogenic communities were applied to biomass generation power technology, biophotovoltaics for the generation of renewable energy and the fixation of CO2. Moreover, the synthetic electrotrophic communities were applied to light-driven N2 fixation. Finally, this review prospected future research of the synthetic electroactive microbial consortia.

Biomanufacturing driven by engineered organisms (2022) / 生物工程学报

This article summarizes the reviews and original research papers published in Chinese Journaol of Biotechnology in the area of biomanufacturing driven by engineered organisms in the year of 2022. The enabling technologies including DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis, and DNA editing as well as regulation of gene expression and in silico cell modeling were highlighted. This was followed by discussing the biomanufacturing of biocatalytics products, amino acids and its derivatives, organic acids, natural products, antibiotics and active peptides, functional polysaccharides, and functional proteins. Lastly, the technologies for utilizing C1 compounds and biomass as well as synthetic microbial consortia were discussed. The aim of this article was to help the readers to gain insights into this rapidly developing field from the journal point of view.

A commentary on the Pan American Network of Nursing and Midwifery Collaborating Centres / Comentario sobre la Red Panamericana de Centros Colaboradores de Enfermería y Partería / Comentário sobre a Rede Pan-Americana de Centros Colaboradores de Enfermagem e Obstetrícia

ABSTRACT This article provides a commentary on the Pan American Network of Nursing and Midwifery Collaborating Centres (PANMCC). The objectives are to present an overview of the formation and evolution of the network, its impact on education, research, policy and communication and the benefits of membership. The advantages of international networks as a mechanism to strengthen nursing and midwifery workforces and improve health systems are also highlighted. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the World Health Organization (WHO) Office in the Americas, oversees collaborating centres in the Region. Established in 1999, PANMCC consists of 17 centres situated in universities and schools of nursing. These centres provide crucial nursing and midwifery input to PAHO/WHO. The network supports global engagement and capacity building via collaboration, resource sharing and research colloquia. The linkages within the network enhance professional development, increase capacity building and heighten visibility of PANMCC and the work of its members.

RESUMEN En este artículo se presenta un comentario sobre la Red Panamericana de Centros Colaboradores de Enfermería y Partería (PANMCC, por su sigla en inglés). Los objetivos son presentar una visión general de la formación y evolución de la red, sus repercusiones en los ámbitos de la educación, la investigación, la política y las comunicaciones, así como los beneficios de pertenecer a la red. También se destacan las ventajas de las redes internacionales como mecanismo para fortalecer al personal de enfermería y partería y mejorar los sistemas de salud. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), Oficina Regional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para las Américas, supervisa los centros colaboradores en la Región. Fundada en 1999, la PANMCC consta de 17 centros ubicados en universidades y facultades de enfermería, los cuales proporcionan información crucial sobre enfermería y partería a la OPS/OMS. Esta red respalda el compromiso general y el desarrollo de capacidades mediante la colaboración, el intercambio de recursos y los coloquios de investigación. Los vínculos en la red mejoran el desarrollo profesional, aumentan el desarrollo de capacidades y aumentan la visibilidad de la PANMCC y el trabajo de sus miembros.

RESUMO Este artigo traz um comentário sobre a Rede Pan-Americana de Centros Colaboradores de Enfermagem e Obstetrícia (PANMCC). Os objetivos são apresentar uma visão geral da formação e evolução da Rede, seu impacto em educação, pesquisa, políticas e comunicação e os benefícios da filiação. Também são destacadas as vantagens das redes internacionais como mecanismo para valorizar as forças de trabalho em enfermagem e obstetrícia e melhorar os sistemas de saúde. A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) - o Escritório da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) nas Américas - supervisiona os Centros Colaboradores na região. Criada em 1999, a PANMCC é composta por 17 centros situados em universidades e escolas de enfermagem. Esses centros fornecem informações essenciais sobre enfermagem e obstetrícia para a OPAS/OMS. A rede apoia o envolvimento global e o fortalecimento institucional por meio de colaboração, compartilhamento de recursos e colóquios de pesquisa. Os elos dentro da rede aprimoram o desenvolvimento profissional, estimulam o fortalecimento institucional e aumentam a visibilidade da PANMCC e do trabalho dos seus membros.

Protecting healthcare workers during a pandemic: what can a WHO collaborating centre research partnership contribute? / Protección de los trabajadores de salud durante una pandemia: ¿qué puede aportar una alianza para la investigación entre centros colaboradores de la OMS? / Proteção dos trabalhadores da saúde em uma pandemia: qual seria a contribuição de uma parceria de pesquisa entre centros colaboradores da OMS?

ABSTRACT Objectives. To ascertain whether and how working as a partnership of two World Health Organization collaborating centres (WHOCCs), based respectively in the Global North and Global South, can add insights on "what works to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) during a pandemic, in what contexts, using what mechanism, to achieve what outcome". Methods. A realist synthesis of seven projects in this research program was carried out to characterize context (C) (including researcher positionality), mechanism (M) (including service relationships) and outcome (O) in each project. An assessment was then conducted of the role of the WHOCC partnership in each study and overall. Results. The research found that lower-resourced countries with higher economic disparity, including South Africa, incurred greater occupational health risk and had less acceptable measures to protect HCWs at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic than higher-income more-equal counterpart countries. It showed that rigorously adopting occupational health measures can indeed protect the healthcare workforce; training and preventive initiatives can reduce workplace stress; information systems are valued; and HCWs most at-risk (including care aides in the Canadian setting) can be readily identified to trigger adoption of protective actions. The C-M-O analysis showed that various ways of working through a WHOCC partnership not only enabled knowledge sharing, but allowed for triangulating results and, ultimately, initiatives for worker protection. Conclusions. The value of an international partnership on a North-South axis especially lies in providing contextualized global evidence regarding protecting HCWs as a pandemic emerges, particularly with bi-directional cross-jurisdiction participation by researchers working with practitioners.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar si la asociación de dos centros colaboradores de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, ubicados uno en el hemisferio norte y el otro en el hemisferio sur, puede aportar información sobre "qué es necesario para proteger a los trabajadores de salud durante una pandemia, en qué contextos, con qué mecanismos, con el objetivo de lograr qué resultados". Métodos. Se realizó una síntesis realista de siete proyectos en este programa de investigación para caracterizar el contexto (C) (incluida la posición del investigador), el mecanismo (M) (incluidas las relaciones de servicio) y el resultado (R) en cada proyecto. A continuación, se realizó una evaluación del papel que desempeñó la alianza de centros colaboradores de la OMS en términos generales y en cada estudio. Resultados. En la investigación se encontró que los países de escasos recursos con mayor disparidad económica, como Sudáfrica, incurrieron en un mayor riesgo para la salud ocupacional y tenían medidas menos aceptables para proteger a los trabajadores de salud al inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19 que los países homólogos de mayores ingresos y mayor equidad. Se de mostró que la adopción rigurosa de medidas de salud ocupacional puede proteger al personal de salud; la capacitación y las iniciativas preventivas pueden reducir el estrés en el lugar de trabajo; los sistemas de información se consideran valiosos; y los trabajadores de salud de mayor riesgo (como los asistentes de atención en el entorno canadiense) pueden identificarse con facilidad para la adopción de medidas de protección. El análisis de C-M-R mostró que las diferentes formas de trabajar por medio de una alianza de centros colaboradores de la OMS no solo facilitaron el intercambio de conocimientos, sino que además permitieron triangular los resultados y, en última instancia, las iniciativas para la protección de los trabajadores. Conclusiones. El valor de una alianza internacional radica especialmente en proporcionar evidencia mundial contextualizada sobre la protección de los trabajadores de salud cuando surge una situación de pandemia, particularmente con la participación bidireccional entre distintas jurisdicciones de investigadores que trabajan con el personal de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo. Determinar se, e como, o trabalho em parceria entre dois centros colaboradores da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), localizados no Norte e no Sul global, pode contribuir com conhecimento sobre "o que é eficaz para proteger os trabalhadores da saúde em uma pandemia, em que contextos, com que mecanismos e para obter quais resultados". Métodos. Foi realizada uma síntese realista de sete projetos de pesquisa do programa da OMS para determinar o contexto (C) (incluindo a posicionalidade dos pesquisadores), o mecanismo (M) (incluindo as relações entre os serviços) e o resultado (O, do inglês outcome) de cada projeto e avaliar o papel da parceria entre os centros colaboradores em cada estudo e em geral. Resultados. Este estudo demonstrou que, nos países de baixa renda com maior desigualdade econômica (por exemplo, na África do Sul), o risco à saúde ocupacional foi maior e as medidas adotadas para proteger os trabalhadores da saúde na pandemia de COVID-19 foram menos adequadas em comparação ao observado em países comparáveis de alta renda com menor desigualdade. Verificou-se que a adoção rigorosa de medidas de saúde ocupacional efetivamente protege os trabalhadores da saúde, e que iniciativas de prevenção e capacitação dos profissionais reduzem o estresse no trabalho. Também se reconhece a importância dos sistemas de informação e que o pessoal com maior risco de exposição ao vírus (incluindo os cuidadores auxiliares, no caso do Canadá) pode ser prontamente identificado para que sejam adotadas medidas de proteção. A análise do tipo C-M-O indicou que as diferentes formas de trabalho em parceria entre os centros colaboradores possibilitaram não apenas dividir conhecimentos, mas também compartilhar resultados e, sobretudo, iniciativas para a proteção dos trabalhadores da saúde. Conclusões. A parceria internacional no eixo Norte-Sul é particularmente importante para obter evidências globais contextualizadas relativas à proteção dos trabalhadores da saúde em uma situação de pandemia, com a participação bidirecional entre foros de pesquisadores que trabalham com o pessoal da saúde.

Periodontal disease severity is associated to pathogenic consortia comprising putative and candidate periodontal pathogens

Abstract Based on a holistic concept of polymicrobial etiology, we have hypothesized that putative and candidate periodontal pathogens are more frequently detected in consortia than alone in advanced forms of periodontal diseases (PD). Objective To correlate specific consortia of periodontal pathogens with clinical periodontal status and severity of periodontitis. Methodology Subgingival biofilm was obtained from individuals with periodontal health (113, PH), gingivitis (91, G), and periodontitis (209, P). Genomic DNA was purified and the species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Aa JP2-like strain, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Dialister pneumosintes (Dp), and Filifactor alocis (Fa) were detected by PCR. Configural frequency and logistic regression analyses were performed to correlate microbial consortia and PD. Results Aa + Pg in the presence of Dp (phi=0.240; χ2=11.9, p<0.01), as well as Aa JP2 + Dp + Fa (phi=0.186, χ2=4.6, p<0.05) were significantly more associated in advanced stages of P. The consortium Aa + Fa + Dp was strongly associated with deep pocketing and inflammation (p<0.001). The best predictors of disease severity (80% accuracy) included older age (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.07 - 1.15], p<0.001), Black/African-American ancestry (OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.19 - 2.99], p=0.007), and high frequency of Aa + Pg + Dp (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.49 - 6.22], p=0.002). Conclusion Specific microbial consortia of putative and novel periodontal pathogens, associated with demographic parameters, correlate with severe periodontitis, supporting the multifactorial nature of PD.

Influence of microbial consortia on the incidence of grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberry (Monterey variety)

Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mold disease, is one of the most destructive pathogens of strawberry crops, both in vegetative development and postharvest. The control of this pathogen is complex due to its aggressiveness and ability to attack and infect various plant tissues and is mainly based on chemical control; however, the incorrect use of pesticides, mainly due to overdosing, causes the presence of traces of these agrochemicals in the fruits, as well as the selection of pathogen resistance to fungicides, making it a risk to human health and the environment. The objective of the study was to use biological regulation strategies, with the application of microbial consortia made up of mycorrhizal fungi, antagonistic bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum, as an alternative for the management of grey mold in strawberry crops (Monterey variety) under field conditions. Treatments T4 (mycorrhizal fungi), T8 (mycorrhizal fungi, antagonistic bacteria and T. harzianum) and T2 (T. harzianum) presented the lowest incidence of the pathogen with 2.6, 3.1 and 3.6 %, respectively, compared to control plants with 16.6%. The influence of all biological treatments on the regulation of B. cinerea was greater than the control.

Botrytis cinerea, el agente causal de la enfermedad del moho gris, es uno de los patógenos más destructivos del cultivo de fresa, tanto en el desarrollo vegetativo como en poscosecha. El control de este patógeno es complejo, debido a su agresividad y capacidad de atacar e infectar diversos tejidos de la planta y se basa, principalmente, en el control químico; sin embargo, el uso incorrecto de plaguicidas, principalmente por sobredosificación, provoca la presencia de trazas de estos agroquímicos en los frutos, así como la selección de resistencia del patógeno a los fungicidas, convirtiéndolo en un riesgo para la salud humana y el ambiente. El objetivo del estudio fue utilizar estrategias de regulación biológica, con la aplicación de consorcios microbianos, conformados por hongos micorrícicos, bacterias antagonistas y Trichoderma harzianum, como alternativa para el manejo del moho gris, en cultivos de fresa (variedad Monterey), en condiciones de campo. Los tratamientos T4 (hongos micorrízicos), T8 (hongos micorrízicos, bacterias antagonistas y T. harzianum) y T2 (T. harzianum) presentaron la menor incidencia del patógeno, con 2,6, 3,1 y 3,6 %, respectivamente, en comparación con las plantas control, con 16,6 %. La influencia de todos los tratamientos biológicos en la regulación de B. cinerea fue mayor respecto al control.

Programa Mais Médicos na Bahia e o impacto no diagnóstico precoce do IAM: relato de experiência / Mais Médicos Program in Bahia and the impact on early diagnosis of IAM: an experience report / Programa Más Médicos en Bahía y su impacto en el diagnóstico precoz del IAM: informe de experiencia

Capaz de resolver cerca de 80% de todas as necessidades em saúde, a Atenção Primária se tornou uma das principais e mais eficientes estratégias do Sistema Único de Saúde. Diante da histórica carência e má distribuição do profissional médico no Brasil, o Programa Mais Médicos viabilizou o provimento do profissional nas localidades mais longínquas. Em parceria com o Programa Nacional Telessaúde Brasil Redes, o diagnóstico pode chegar em todos os lugares do país, possibilitando assistência e controle das patologias de maior morbimortalidade. Um exemplo é o infarto agudo do miocárdio, no qual "tempo é vida", pois, para cada dez minutos de retardo na instituição da terapia de reperfusão, reduz-se a expectativa de vida do paciente em 120 dias. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar uma experiência exitosa que envolveu a articulação resolutiva da rede pública de saúde a partir da Atenção Primária e do Programa Mais Médicos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, no qual se buscou descrever a pronta assistência a um paciente com infarto agudo do miocárdio em uma zona rural. O resultado mostrou que uma Atenção Básica resolutiva e integrada aos demais níveis de assistência é possível, permitindo que o paciente infartado seja beneficiado a tempo pela reperfusão miocárdica e impactando de forma positiva seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. A experiência forneceu estímulo para busca contínua de superação e enfrentamento dos desafios, assim como do aperfeiçoamento da gestão pública da saúde.

Capable of solving nearly 80% of all health needs, Primary Care has become one of the main and most efficient strategies in the Unified Health System. Given the historic shortage and poor distribution of medical professionals in Brazil, the Mais Médicos Program made it possible to provide professionals in remote locations. In partnership with the National Telehealth Brazil Networks Program, diagnosis can reach all parts of Brazil, enabling treatment and control of pathologies with greater morbidity and mortality. One example is acute myocardial infarction, in which "time is life," because for every 10-minute delay in instituting reperfusion therapy, life expectancy is reduced by 120 days. Given this scenario, this paper reports on a successful experience that involved the resolutive articulation of the public health network from Primary Care and the More Doctors Program. This descriptive and qualitative study describes the prompt care of a patient with acute myocardial infarction in a rural area. Results shows that a resolutive Primary Care integrated with other levels of care is possible, allowing the infarcted patient to benefit in time from myocardial reperfusion and positively impacting their prognosis and quality of life. The experience encouraged continuous search to overcome and face the challenges, as well as to improve public health management.

Con la capacidad de resolución de cerca del 80% de todas las necesidades de salud, la Atención Primaria se ha convertido en una de las principales y más eficientes estrategias del Sistema Único de Salud. En vista de la escasez estructural histórica y la mala distribución de los profesionales médicos en Brasil, el Programa Más Médicos hizo posible la provisión de profesionales a lugares más distantes. En una alianza con el Programa Redes Nacionales de Telesalud Brasil, el diagnóstico puede llegar a todos los lugares del país, posibilitando la asistencia y el control de patologías con mayor morbimortalidad. Un ejemplo es el infarto agudo de miocardio, en el que "el tiempo es vida", pues por cada 10 minutos de retraso en la instauración de la terapia de reperfusión, la esperanza de vida se reduce en 120 días. El objetivo de este trabajo es evidenciar una experiencia exitosa que involucró la articulación resolutiva de la red pública de salud con base en la Atención Primaria y el Programa Más Médicos. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, que buscó describir la atención oportuna de un paciente con infarto agudo de miocardio en una zona rural. El resultado mostró que es posible una Atención Primaria resolutiva e integrada con los demás niveles asistenciales, que permita que el paciente infartado sea beneficiado a tiempo por la reperfusión miocárdica, lo que impacta positivamente en su pronóstico y calidad de vida. La experiencia sirvió de estímulo para la búsqueda continua de superación y enfrentamiento de los desafíos, así como de la mejora de la gestión en salud pública.

Aislamientos de bacterias post tratamiento con gasoil - agua y centrifugación de fondo de tanques petroleros / Oil tank bottoms, bacteria isolate after diesel treatment - water and centrifugation

Resumen En la industria petrolera se almacenan grandes cantidades de hidrocarburos en tanques en las diferentes etapas de extracción y procesamiento del crudo hasta su refinamiento. Esto genera un residuo denominado fondo de tanque, es una emulsión estable de sedimentos agua e hidrocarburos. Este trabajo tuvo como objeto estudiar las bacterias que están presentes en el sedimento después de la primera etapa de tratamiento con gasoil, agua, temperatura y posterior centrifugación. El sedimento, considerado por la legislación como residuo peligroso se le realizo un estudio bacteriológico, que consistió en recuento, aislamiento e identifican de bacterias. Se obtuvieron 34 cepas de las cuales 86.1% pertenecieron al género Bacillus. Las mismas presentaron capacidad para desarrollar en alguno de los siguientes hidrocarburos o mezclas de hidrocarburos gasoil, kerosene, hexadecano y ciclohexano.

Abstract In the oil industry, large quantities of hydrocarbons are stored in tanks, in the different stages of extraction and processing of crude oil until it is refined. This generates a residue called a tank bottom, which is a stable emulsion of water and hydrocarbon sediments. The objective of this work was to study the bacteria that are present in the sediment after treating the bottom of the tank with diesel oil, water, and subsequent centrifugation. A bottom and tank were treated with diesel, water and centrifugation, the sediment was obtained, which was counted, isolated and bacteria were identified. 34 strains were obtained, of which 86.1% belonged to the genus Bacillus. The same capacity capabilities to develop diesel, kerosene, hexadecane, and cyclohexane hydrocarbons.

Análise de preços praticados nas aquisições de medicamentos pelos consórcios de saúde em comparação com as instituições municipais para o período de 2017 a 2018 / Analysis of practical prices in the acquisition of medicines by the health consortia compared to municipal institutions in the period from 2017 to 2018

Objetivo: Identificar se as aquisições de medicamentos realizadas pelos Consórcios de Saúde foram mais eficientes, em termos econômicos, que as compras realizadas individualmente pelas Instituições Municipais, para os anos de 2017 e 2018. Métodos: Análise descritiva da amostra, empregando as medidas de tendência central, análise econômica e cálculo do percentual econômico. Resultados: Os valores obtidos mostraram eficiência nas compras dos consórcios, refletidos na maior quantidade adquirida e no menor preço praticado, para a maioria dos itens analisados no período de referência. Conclusão: As compras pelos Consórcios de Saúde proporcionaram mais economia em comparação com as compras realizadas pelas Instituições Municipais, mostrando-se como uma opção para obter economicidade dos recursos destinados à saúde.

Objective: To identify whether the drug purchases made by the Health Consortia were more efficient, in economic terms, than the purchases made individually by the Municipal Institutions, for the years 2017 and 2018. Methods: Descriptive analysis of the sample, using the trend measures central, economic analysis and calculation of the economic percentage. Results: The values obtained showed efficiency in consortium purchases, reflected in the greater quantity acquired and the lower price practiced, for most of the items analyzed in the reference period. Conclusion: Purchases by Health Consortia provided more savings compared to purchases made by Municipal Institutions, proving to be an option to obtain economic resources for health.

Analysis of practical prices in the acquisition of medicines by the health consortia compared to municipal institutions in the period from 2017 to 2018

Objective: To identify whether the drug purchases made by the Health Consortia were more efficient, in economic terms, than the purchases made individually by the Municipal Institutions, for the years 2017 and 2018. Methods: Descriptive analysis of the sample, using the trend measures central, economic analysis and calculation of the economic percentage. Results: The values obtained showed efficiency in consortium purchases, reflected in the greater quantity acquired and the lower price practiced, for most of the items analyzed in the reference period. Conclusions: Purchases by Health Consortia provided more savings compared to purchases made by Municipal Institutions, proving to be an option to obtain economic resources for health.

Heterogeneity across skin sites in atopic dermatitis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly heterogeneous skin disease. The subtypes of AD classified by age, severity and inflammatory patterns have been widely accepted previously; however, the heterogeneity in skin lesions across different body sites has been rarely addressed. Most recently, it has been found that the efficacy of dupilumab varies across different body sites, suggesting different patterns of inflammation in skin lesions at different body sites. Thus, this article proposes the concept of heterogeneity across body sites in AD, summarizes cell biological features and microbiome at different skin sites under physiological conditions, analyzes clinical manifestations of, multi-omic study results from and treatment response of AD at different sites, and discusses pathogenesis of AD, providing a basis for individualized therapy of AD.

Skin microecology in patients with severe atopic dermatitis at acute and remission phases / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate changes in skin microecological structures and functions between acute and remission phases in adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) .Methods:From October 2019 to November 2020, skin scale specimens were collected from 5 body sites (cheeks, cubital fossa, back of the hand, abdomen, lower limbs) of 4 adult patients with severe AD in the acute and remission phases, who visited the outpatient clinic of Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology. The next-generation high-throughput sequencing was performed for metagenomic sequencing to construct the microbial gene catalogue of these specimens, followed by gene annotation and bioinformatics analysis for each sample.Results:A total of 18 phyla, 37 classes, 73 orders, 142 families, 237 genera, and 331 species were identified in the skin specimens from the 4 patients with severe AD. The patients with AD in the remission phase showed significantly increased diversity of skin microbiota and markedly different relative abundance of skin microorganisms compared with those in the acute phase (both P < 0.05). At the microbial species level, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest impact on the acute phase of AD, while Staphylococcus epidermidis, Moraxella osloensis, Francisella sp., Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus warneri, Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta were enriched in the remission phase of AD with the absolute value of the common logarithm of the linear discriminant analysis score > 2 (Kruksal-Wallis test, all P < 0.05). As KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed, the differentially abundant genes were annotated into a total of 355 functional pathways, of which 38 pathways were significantly enriched (all P < 0.05), mainly involving Staphylococcus aureus infection, tryptophan metabolism, histidine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, metabolism of arginine and proline, biosynthesis and degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine, fatty acid degradation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, etc. Conclusion:The skin microecological structure significantly differed between the acute and remission phases among the patients with severe AD, which may be related to multiple functional pathways, such as Staphylococcus aureus infection, tryptophan metabolism, histidine metabolism and nitrogen metabolism.