Problem analysis and countermeasure research for urban health emergency management system based on grounded theory / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To study development problems and countermeasures of the health emergency management system in a city based on the grounded theory, for references on the construction of a new round of urban health emergency management system.Methods:From June 2020 to April 2021, 61 health emergency management personnel were selected using the objective sampling method from the municipal health commission and disease prevention and control center of a city, and from 11 district health bureaus and disease prevention and control centers, for semi-structured interviews. Grounded theory method was used to analyze the interview data.Results:288 concepts, 79 initial categories, 15 sub-categories, and 5 main categories were extracted from the interview materials. The urban health emergency management system was affected by a variety of constraints such as the weak construction of public health talent team, non-standard plan management, and limited information sharing. There was a fragmentation dilemma in structure and mechanism. It was necessary to strengthen policy support and emergency resource allocation to promote the reconstruction of the health emergency response system. Among them, policy support and emergency resource allocation were prerequisites, and the remodeling of health emergency system was the core process.Conclusions:There were problems such as insufficient resource supply and weak plan management in the construction of the city′s health emergency management system. We should establish a high-level driven policy system, strengthen the resource allocation of peacetime and wartime, and reshape the system and mechanism of coordination and integration, so as to continue to promote the continuous development of the health emergency management system.

Prácticas de ocio en complejos habitacionales para adultos mayores en Montevideo / Práticas de lazer em complexos habitacionais para idosos em Montevidéu / Leisure practices in housing complexes for older adults in Montevideo / Pratiques de loisirs dans les complexes de logements pour personnes âgées à Montevideo

Las políticas dirigidas a las personas adultas mayores concentran sus esfuerzos en brindar soluciones a necesidades básicas como vivienda, salud o alimentación posponiendo muchas veces necesidades de tipo social y cultural. El presente artículo expone los principales hallazgos de una investigación realizada desde una perspectiva del desarrollo humano y de las experiencias de ocio que analiza las prácticas de ocio en personas adultas mayores, con el objetivo de conocer la experiencia de ocio a partir del sentido que le atribuyen a estas prácticas. El enfoque metodológico considerado es el cuantitativo, para lo que se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 245 personas adultas mayores que residen en Complejos habitacionales de gestión pública, en la ciudad de Montevideo (Uruguay). Se apuntó a analizar las prácticas de ocio a partir de variables sociodemográficas, así como indagar en torno a la continuidad, ruptura o aumento en la realización de dichas prácticas e identificar las principales barreras de ocio que intervienen en sus prácticas. Entre los principales hallazgos del estudio se destaca el predominio en la práctica de actividades de ocio pasivo y de baja exigencia cognitiva, tales como: Ver Tv, Escuchar música y Oír radio. Si bien dentro de las actividades de ocio más mencionadas no se observaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, sí se observó una división sexual de ocio encontrándose actividades tradicionalmente femeninas (p.e. Cantar, Hacer manualidades) y masculinas (p.e. Hacer ejercicio, Bricolaje). Por último, las principales barreras de ocio que afectan a la población comprendida en este estudio están relacionadas con la salud (intrapersonal), la falta de compañía (interpersonal) y la economía (estructural).

Políticas destinadas a idosos concentram seus esforços em fornecer soluções para necessidades básicas, como habitação, saúde ou alimentação, muitas vezes adiando as necessidades sociais e culturais. Este artigo apresenta os principais achados de uma pesquisa realizada a partir de uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento humano e experiências de lazer que analisa as práticas de lazer em idosos, com o objetivo de conhecer a experiência de lazer com base no significado atribuído a essas práticas. Sendo a abordagem metodológica considerada quantitativa, para a qual foi aplicado um questionário. uma amostra de 245 idosos residentes em conjuntos habitacionais, na cidade de Montevidéu (Uruguai). Ele se inscriveu a analisar as práticas de lazer de variáveis sociodemográficas e inquirir sobre a continuidade, ruptura ou aumento na realização de tais práticas e identificar as principais barreiras lazer envolvido em suas práticas. Entre os principais achados do estudo está o predomínio na prática de atividades de lazer passivo e baixas demandas cognitivas, como: assistir TV, ouvir música e ouvir rádio. Enquanto em atividades mais citada lazer não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres, se foi observada uma divisão sexual do lazer reunião homens tradicionalmente atividades femininas (Canto ponto de ebulição, artesanato) e (ponto de ebulição Exercício, DIY). Por fim, as principais barreiras de lazer que afetam a população incluída neste estudo estão relacionadas à saúde (intrapessoal), falta de empresa (interpessoal) e economia (estrutural).

Policies on late adulthood have focus on providing solutions to basic needs such as housing, health or food, by postponing other social and cultural needs. This article considers the main results of a research carried out from a human development perspective which analyzes leisure practices in older people, with the objective of knowing the leisure experience based on the meaning attributed to these practices. The methodological approach considered is quantitative, for which a survey design was applied to a sample of 245 older in public housing complexes, in the city of Montevideo (Uruguay). He pointed to analyze leisure practices, the continuity, rupture or increase within the activities and identify the main leisure constraints that intervene. Among the main results of the study is the predominance in practice of passive leisure activities and low cognitive demands, such as: Watching TV, listening to music and listening to radio. Although within the activities mentioned above, there were no significant differences between men and women, a sexual division of leisure was found, with traditionally feminine activities (for example singing, making crafts) and masculine activities (for instance, Do exercise, DIY activities) . Finally, the main leisure constraints that affect most of the population included in this study are related to health (intrapersonal), lack of company (interpersonal) and economy (structural).

Les politiques visant à les personnes âgées concentrent leurs efforts sur la fourniture de solutions aux besoins de base tels que le logement, la santé ou mettre de la nourriture a souvent besoin social et culturel. Cet article présente les principaux résultats de la recherche menée dans une perspective de développement humain et l'expérience des practiques de loisirs analysées chez les personnes âgées, avec l'objectif de connaître l'expérience de loisir basée sur le sens attribué à ces pratiques. L'approche méthodologique est considérée comme quantitative, pour laquelle un questionnaire à un échantillon de 245 adultes personnes âgées résidant dans la gestion des ensembles de logements sociaux dans la ville de Montevideo (Uruguay) a été appliqué. Il s'est inscrit d'analyser les pratiques de loisirs à partir de variables socio-démographiques et se renseigner sur la continuité, la rupture ou une augmentation dans la conduite de telles pratiques et d'identifier les principaux obstacles loisirs impliqués dans leurs pratiques. Regarder la télévision, écouter de la musique et écouter la radio: Parmi les principales conclusions de l'étude, la prévalence dans la pratique des activités de loisirs passifs et faible exigence cognitive comme indiqué. Alors que dans les activités les plus fréquemment mentionné loisirs aucune différence significative entre les hommes et les femmes ont été observées, si une division sexuelle des hommes de réunion de loisirs des activités traditionnellement féminines (par example, Chant, artisanat) et (par example, exercice, bricolage) a été observé. Enfin, les principaux obstacles loisirs touchant la population dans cette étude sont liés à la santé (intrapersonal), le manque de compagnie (interpersonnelle) et l'économie (structurelle).

Morphometry and retention time as forcing functions to establishment and maintenance of aquatic macrophytes in a tropical reservoir / Morfometria e tempo de residência como fatores determinantes no estabelecimento e manutenção de macrófitas aquáticas em um reservatório tropical

Abstract Macrophytes may constitute an important resource for several chemical, physical and biological processes within aquatic ecosystems. This study considers that in tropical reservoirs with low retention time and with low values of shoreline development (DL), the expansion and persistence of aquatic macrophytes are mainly reported to local conditions (e.g., hydrodynamic and wind exposure) rather than trophic status and depth of the euphotic zone. In this context, this study aimed at describing and comparing the incidence of aquatic macrophytes in a throughflowing, non-dendritic tropical reservoir. During February 2006 to November 2007, eight limnological surveys were performed quarterly within the Ourinhos Reservoir, and in the mouth areas of its tributaries. At the six sampling stations 30 variables were measured. The number of sites with plants varied between 21 and 38 and at the end of the 1st year the total richness was found. The sampling survey outcome the recognition of 18 species of aquatic macrophytes; Cyperaceae (2 genera and 1 species), Pontederiaceae (3 species) and Onarograceae (3 genera) were the families with higher diversity. Seven species (Typha domingensis Pers., Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdec, Salvinia auriculata Aubl., Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth, Eleocharis sp1, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye) always were present and were more frequent in the sites. The occurrence of emergent species predominated (45.9%), followed by submersed rooted (24.5%), free floating (19.5%), floating rooted (9.7%) and free submersed (0.3%). Although limnological variables and the distribution of macrophytes have discriminated the same sampling points, the stepwise multiple linear regressions did not pointed out strong correspondences (or coherence) among the most constant and distributed macrophyte species and the selected limnological variables, as well the trophic statuses. Seeing the low relationship among limnological variables and macrophytes distribution, in the case of Ourinhos Reservoir, the results pointed out that the water turbulence, low DL and wind exposure are the main driving forces that determine its aquatic plant distribution, life forms and species composition.

Resumo As macrófitas podem constituir um recurso importante para vários processos físicos, químicos e biológicos dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Esse estudo considera que nos reservatórios tropicais com baixo tempo de retenção e com baixos valores do grau de desenvolvimento das margens (DL), a expansão e manutenção das macrófitas aquáticas são referidas principalmente às condições locais (e.g., hidrodinâmica e exposição ao vento), ao invés do estado trófico e da profundidade de zona eufótica. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e comparar a incidência de macrófitas aquáticas em um reservatório tropical de fluxo rápido e não dendrítico. De fevereiro de 2006 a novembro de 2007, oito avaliações limnológicas foram realizadas trimestralmente no reservatório Ourinhos e nas regiões de desembocadura de seus afluentes. Nas seis estações de amostragem 30 variáveis foram determinadas. O número de locais com plantas variou entre 21 e 38 e no final do primeiro ano o número total de espécies foi encontrado. Foram relacionadas 18 espécies de macrófitas aquáticas; Cyperaceae (2 gêneros e espécies), Pontederiaceae (3 espécies) e Onarograceae (3 gêneros) foram as famílias com mais diversidade. Sete espécies (Typha domingensis Pers., Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdec, Salvinia auriculata Aubl., Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth, Eleocharis sp1, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye) sempre estiveram presentes e foram as mais frequentes. As ocorrências de espécies emergentes predominaram (45,9%), seguidas das submersas enraizadas (24,5%), flutuantes livres (19,5%), flutuantes enraizadas (9,7%) e submersas livres (0,3%). Embora as variáveis limnológicas e as distribuições de macrófitas tenham discriminado os mesmo pontos de coleta, regressões lineares múltiplas stepwise não apontaram correspondências fortes (ou coerentes) entre as espécies de macrófitas mais constantes e distribuídas e as variáveis limnológicas, assim como os estados tróficos. No reservatório Ourinhos, a baixa relação entre as variáveis limnológicas e a distribuição das macrófitas aponta que a turbulência da água, o baixo valor de DL e a exposição ao vento sejam as principais forças que determinam a distribuição das plantas aquáticas, as suas formas de vida e a composição das espécies.

Non-negative matrix factorization with sparseness constraints for neural activity in rat prefrontal cortex during working memory task / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To analyze neural activity of in rat prefrontal cortex with the use of nonnegative matrix factorization with sparseness constrains (NMFs) as a methodology and to study how to express neural ensemble with higher precision during working memory task.Methods Experiment data were obtained from neural population activity in the period 5 s before and after the working memory event.From the zero point,the neuronal firing times were binned in windows of 200 ms with 50 ms overlapping.The normalized neuronal bin-count matrix is decomposed by NMFs into mixing matrix and source component matrix with sparseness constraints.Meaningful components were extracted to reconstruct the input by an inverse of NMFs transform.Results By analyzing the ten groups of data from 2 rats,with the numbers of the sparse sources of 10 and 15 respectively,explicit neural ensembles with the feature components were obtained in the sparse reconstructed activity.Comparing to rate coding,the spatiotemporal location of neural ensemble was more precisely detected.Conclusion The working memory information is encoded with neural ensemble activity.NMFs could find the sparse firing pattern robustly in neuron population activity.NMFs removes much redundancy and demonstrate the possibility to express neural ensemble with higher precision compared with rate coding,which would be helpful to infer correlations between cortical firing pattern and working memory event.