Promoção do consumo alimentar sustentável no contexto da alimentação escolar / Promotion of sustainable food consumption in the context of meals at school / Promoción del consumo alimentario sostenible en el contexto de la alimentación escolar

ResumoEste trabalho é sobre o consumo alimentar no contexto da alimentação escolar, entendendo-se esse espaço como fortemente propositivo na formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e de desenvolvimento sustentável. Relata o exemplo do município de Dois Irmãos, no Rio Grande do Sul, e as ações relativas ao trabalho realizado com os escolares, conjugando mudanças no consumo e na produção de alimentos e ligando saúde e sustentabilidade. Utiliza fontes secundárias e observação participante. A partir de diagnóstico preocupante sobre o estado alimentar e nutricional dessa população, diversas atividades de promoção do consumo alimentar sustentável foram desenvolvidas, entre elas: revisão dos fornecedores e das cadeias de abastecimento, das formas de produção e da qualidade dos alimentos oferecidos; regulação relativa ao tipo de gêneros trazidos de casa; cuidado na formulação dos cardápios; e desenvolvimento de atividades educativas práticas que coadunassem a melhora dos hábitos alimentares com a valorização do meio rural. Foram verificados, neste caso, exemplos de práticas inovadoras, desenvolvidas de forma integrada, que articularam sinergicamente educação alimentar e nutricional com ações para a consolidação de um sistema agroalimentar sustentável.

AbstractThis study is on food consumption in the context of meals provided at school, understanding this space as strongly proactive in forming healthy eating habits and encouraging sustainable development. It reports on the case of the municipality of Dois Irmãos, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the actions related to the work done with the students, combining changes in the consumption and production of food and linking health and sustainability with such changes. It uses secondary sources and participant observation. Based on the troubling diagnosis of the food and nutritional status of this population, several activities were developed to promote sustainable food consumption, including a review of the suppliers and supply chains, forms of production and quality of the food offered; regulation of the types of food brought from home; care in formulating menus, and development of practical educational activities that could blend the improvement of eating habits with greater appreciation for the rural area. In this case, a verification was made of examples of innovative practices, developed in an integrated manner, which coordinated food and nutrition education synergistically with actions aimed at the consolidation of a sustainable food system.

ResumenEste trabajo es sobre el consumo alimentario en el contexto de la alimentación escolar, entendiéndose este espacio como fuertemente propositivo en la formación de hábitos alimentarios saludables y de desarrollo sostenible. Relata el ejemplo del municipio de Dois Irmãos, en Río Grande do Sul, Brasil, y las acciones relativas al trabajo realizado con los escolares, conjugando cambios en el consumo y en la producción de alimentos y vinculando salud y sostenibilidad. Utilizando fuentes secundarias y observación participante. A partir de un diagnóstico preocupante sobre el estado alimentario y nutricional de esta población, se desarrollaron diversas actividades de promoción del consumo alimentario sostenible, entre ellas: revisión de los proveedores y de las cadenas de abastecimiento, de las formas de producción y de la calidad de los alimentos ofrecidos; regulación relativa al tipo de géneros traídos de casa; cuidado en la formulación de los menús; y desarrollo de actividades educativas prácticas que aúnan la mejora de los hábitos alimentarios y la valorización del medio rural. Se observaron, en este caso, ejemplos de prácticas innovadoras, desarrolladas en forma integrada, que articularon sinérgicamente educación alimentaria y nutricional con acciones para la consolidación de un sistema agroalimentario sostenible.

Síndrome metabólica e sua relação com escores de risco cardiovascular em adultos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis / Metabolic syndrome and its relationship with cardiovascular risk scores in adults with non-communicable chronic diseases

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: A síndrome metabólica é caracterizada pela concomitância de distúrbios metabólicos e hemodinâmicos, representando a anormalidade mais comum da atualidade. Diante de sua importância no contexto das doenças cardiovasculares, é preocupante o fato de essas desordens estarem se tornando cada vez mais frequentes nas populações, pois, além da elevada prevalência, suas complicações crônicas comprometem a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida da população. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa do tipo transversal realizada em adultos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Utilizou-se um questionário de pesquisa referente à avaliação: antropométrica, bioquímica, hemodinâmica e de consumo alimentar. Foi investigada a presença de síndrome metabólica. Além disso, calculou-se o escore de risco de Framingham. Aplicaram-se os testes t de Student, exato de Fisher e análise de componentes principais. RESULTADOS: Houve elevada prevalência de síndrome metabólica. Os dados antropométricos, bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos apresentaram-se alterados, principalmente em pacientes com essa afecção. O escore de alimentos cardioprotetores foi superior ao dos alimentos promotores de risco cardiovascular, independente da presença da síndrome. Quanto ao escore de risco de Framingham, houve maior prevalência de todos os níveis de risco em pacientes com síndrome metabólica. A análise de componentes principais indicou a existência de pelo menos dois processos fisiopatológicos que atuam no agrupamento dos fatores de risco cardiovascular e para síndrome metabólica, sendo fortemente carregados pela glicemia e triglicerídeos. CONCLUSÃO: Os adultos avaliados agregaram inúmeros fatores de risco relacionados à síndrome metabólica e às doenças cardiovasculares, o que agrava ainda mais o prognóstico de um paciente com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, representing the most common abnormality of present time. Because of its importance in the context of cardiovascular diseases, the fact that these disorders are becoming increasingly frequent in populations is worrisome, as besides the high prevalence, its chronic complications compromise population's quality of life and survival. METHODS: Cross sectional research performed in adults with chronic noncommunicable diseases. We used a questionnaire survey for assessing: anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic and food consumption issues. We investigated the presence of metabolic syndrome. In addition, Framingham risk score was calculated. We used the Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test and the principal component analysis. RESULTS: There was a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Alterations were seen on anthropometric, biochemical, and hemodynamic data, especially in patients with this syndrome. The score for cardioprotective food was higher than that for foods that increase the risk of heart diseases, regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome. As for the Framingham risk score, there was a higher prevalence of all risk levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Principal components analysis indicated the existence of at least two pathophysiological processes that operate in the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome, and they are heavily loaded by glucose and triglycerides. CONCLUSION: Adults assessed added numerous risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, which further worsens the prognosis of a patient with chronic diseases.

Consumo de leite e derivados entre adultos e idosos no Sul do Brasil: um estudo de base populacional / Consumption of dairy products by adults and the elderly in the south of Brazil: a population-based study

Estudo transversal de base populacional que avaliou a frequência de consumo de leite e derivados, segundo características demográficas e socioeconômicas entre adultos e idosos da cidade de Pelotas (RS). A frequência de consumo de leite e derivados foi medida por meio de um roteiro com perguntas curtas e simples. Avaliou-se, também, a origem (leite de vaca, soja, outro) e teor de gordura do leite consumido (integral, semidesnatado, desnatado). Nas análises estatísticas foram utilizados testes qui-quadrado de heterogeneidade e de tendência linear. A prevalência de consumo regular de leite e/ou derivados foi 45,9%, sendo 1,7 vezes maior entre idosos comparado aqueles com 20-29 anos de idade. Uma maior prevalência também foi observada entre mulheres, indivíduos brancos e de maior escolaridade. Nível econômico mostrou associação inversa e significativa com o desfecho. Quase a totalidade da amostra toma leite de vaca e mais de três quartos, com teor de gordura integral. Cerca de um quarto dos adultos não tomam leite e destes, menos de 20% consomem diariamente algum derivado lácteo. O consumo de leite e derivados, sobretudo com reduzido teor de gordura, deve ser encorajado entre adultos. Atenção especial deve ser dada aos mais jovens, homens e aqueles de menor escolaridade e nível econômico.

This is a population-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the frequency of consumption of dairy products by adults and the elderly in Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in accordance with demographic, social and economic characteristics. Frequency of dairy product consumption was obtained by means of a questionnaire containing short, straightforward questions. Information about the type of milk (cow's milk, soy, other) and the fat contained in the milk consumed (full-cream, semi-skimmed and skimmed) was also investigated. Heterogeneity, linear trend and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis. The prevalence of regular dairy product consumption was 45.9%, and was 1.7 times higher among the elderly compared with 20 to 29-year-olds. Dairy product consumption frequency was higher among women, Caucasians and those with tertiary education. The economic level was significantly and inversely associated with the outcome. Nearly 98% of the sample drink cow's milk and 75.5% drink full-fat milk. About 26% of the adults do not drink milk and of these less than 20% consume dairy products daily. Dairy product consumption, especially low-fat products, should be encouraged among adults. Special attention should be given to younger individuals, males, and groups with less education and income.

Condutas negativas à saúde em estudantes universitários brasileiros / Risk behaviors to health in Brazilian college students

O objetivo foi estimar as prevalências e os fatores associados aos menores níveis de atividades físicas no lazer, consumo insuficiente de frutas e de hortaliças, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e hábito de fumar em estudantes de uma universidade pública da região Nordeste do Brasil. A amostra foi estratificada segundo o curso, o período de estudo e o ano de ingresso na universidade. As condutas negativas foram analisadas em relação aos indicadores sociodemográficos e de vínculo com a universidade, por meio das Razões de Prevalências. As condutas negativas de saúde mais prevalentes foram: consumo insuficiente de frutas, hortaliças, menores níveis de atividades físicas no lazer e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. O consumo insuficiente de frutas, hábito de fumar e consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas foram maiores em homens. Além disso, o consumo insuficiente de hortaliças foi maior em homens, mais jovens, sem companheira, do pai com o ensino fundamental incompleto e com três anos de vivência na universidade. Os menores níveis de atividades físicas no lazer foram maiores em mulheres, mais velhas, com pai com ensino fundamental incompleto e que avaliaram negativamente os relacionamentos com os colegas.

The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of lower levels of leisure-time physical activities, insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables, alcohol consumption and smoking among college students from a public university in the northeastern region of Brazil. The sample was stratified in accordance with the academic program, period of study and year of admission to the university. The negative health-related behaviors were analyzed in relation to socio-demographic and program affiliation indicators by means of Prevalence Ratios. The most prevalent negative health-related behaviors were insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables, lowers levels of leisure-time physical activities and alcohol consumption. Insufficient consumption of fruit, smoking and alcohol consumption were more prevalent among men. Furthermore, insufficient consumption of vegetables was higher among younger, unmarried, men after three years at the university, whose fathers failed to complete elementary school. Lower levels of leisure-time physical activities were higher among older women, who evaluated relationships with colleagues negatively and whose fathers failed to complete elementary school.

Results of chemical analysis of food products and meals provided by school lunch program in secondary schools / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction In recent years it has been observed epidemiological transition in the world population’s morbidity and mortality causes, indicating a shift from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases. In 2012, cardiovascular diseases alone accounts for 30 per cent of all deaths in the world. In Mongolia, non-communicable diseases are growing steadily and becoming the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of population. According to the Global School-based Student Health Survey-Mongolia 2010, overall, 19.3 per cent of school children had 4 or more nutritional risk factors of NCD and 8,3 per cent of students were overweight and 0,8 per cent were obese. Above mentioned study shows that, the prevention of NCD should be started from childhood, improving the consumption of fruits and vegetables for school snack and lunch is important in the prevention of NCD among school children. The study is aimed at determination of types, consumption and chemical composition of food products and meals provided in school snack program. Scope and methods of investigation The investigation was performed in Ulaanbaatar and Tuv aimag. Under the our investigation included a totally 14 school canteens of Ulaanbaatar and Tuv aimag. Consumption of Food products was investigated using the Food Consumption Questionnaire method. All managers of school canteens interviewed by well-trained researchers using the time from 20 to 30 min for each of them. Food samples were obtained, keeping in cool boxes, transported to the Public Health Central Laboratory of National Center of Public Health, Mongolia. Chemical composition of food and snack samples were investigated according to the related standard methods for determination of protein, fat, carbohydrates, Vitamin C, Calcium. Results Consumption of vegetables and local fruits for school snack and meal was not enough for prevention of NCD among school children. Use of milk and milk products for school snacks and lunch were obtained only 1-3 times during the 10 days, which is too poor consumption. According to the results of chemical analysis, 83.4 per cent of all food samples had calories less than 340 kcal, which is the required value of calories of school snack per one student. With regard to protein level 50 per cent of samples had 2.57-7.7grams of protein, which is lower than the recommended level of 10-12 gr. Fat level of samples were ranged between 7.2-1.97 grams and 95.5 per cent of samples had lower fat content compared to the recommended value of 9.0 grams. When 68.7 per cent of samples had 4.5-38.03 grams of carbohydrates, which is lower than the recommended amount, some 4.5 per cent of samples had higher carbohydrates compared to the recommendation. Amount of vitamin C in school snack was extremely lower than the recommended amount that vitamin C was found between 0.02-2.31mg, satisfying only 10 per cent of the national recommendation of vitamin C amount for school snack. Amount of Calcium in milk products of school snack and meals was also low than recommended level.