The Colombian Healthy Child Contest: in search of Latin America's "ideal child" in the 1930s / El Concurso Niño Saludable Colombiano: en busca del "niño ideal" latinoamericano en la década de 1930

Abstract This article analyzes healthy child contests as a medical and socio-political strategy implemented in Latin America to protect childhood, thus ensuring the future of the "race" and the nation. These contests blended degeneration, racial theories, and state interventionism and gained momentum in the 1930s with the rise of eugenics. This article examines the contest in Colombia, which was implemented under the Liberal Republic (1930-1946); even though this competition was defined by its national context, a broader international perspective improves understanding. Questions are also raised about the efforts of the Liberal government to strengthen the idea of national identity through education and health programs.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los concursos de niño sano como una estrategia médica y sociopolítica implementada en América Latina para proteger a la niñez, asegurando así el futuro de la "raza" y de la nación. Estos concursos combinaron la degeneración, las teorías raciales y el intervencionismo estatal y cobraron impulso en la década de 1930 con el auge de la eugenesia. Este artículo examina la contienda en Colombia, que se implementó bajo la República Liberal (1930-1946); aunque esta competencia fue definida por su contexto nacional, una perspectiva internacional más amplia mejora la comprensión. También se plantean preguntas sobre los esfuerzos del gobierno liberal para fortalecer la idea de identidad nacional a través de programas de educación y salud.

One-year intervention effect on smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the 1-year follow-up effect of smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015, providing evidence and basis for the effective intervention of smoking cessation. Methods A case-control study design was used for those who had quit smoking periodically, and their 1-year smoking cessation situation was investigated. Results At the 1-year follow-up after the contest, the relapse rate was 19.70%, of which 79.49% occurred within 2 months after quitting smoking.The main causes of relapse were the peer pressure and attack of smoking addiction. Conclusion After the smoking cessation contest, the 1-year follow-up relapse rate is at a low level, which indicates the contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015 is effective.Education level is found to be a risk factor for relapse.

One-year intervention effect on smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the 1-year follow-up effect of smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015, providing evidence and basis for the effective intervention of smoking cessation. Methods A case-control study design was used for those who had quit smoking periodically, and their 1-year smoking cessation situation was investigated. Results At the 1-year follow-up after the contest, the relapse rate was 19.70%, of which 79.49% occurred within 2 months after quitting smoking.The main causes of relapse were the peer pressure and attack of smoking addiction. Conclusion After the smoking cessation contest, the 1-year follow-up relapse rate is at a low level, which indicates the contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015 is effective.Education level is found to be a risk factor for relapse.

Comparison of Academic Performance of 2nd MBBS Students Participating in Quiz Versus Nonparticipators: A Retrospective Analysis

Introduction: Pharmacology quiz participants undergo training by their teachers on pharmacology which is much more rigorousthen routine pharmacology teaching program. Effect of this training for pharmacology quiz on the performance of students inthe 2nd year MBBS exams, i.e., terminal, preliminary, and university exam has not been evaluated.Methodology: Study was a retrospective analysis of scores of three exams (1st term, 2nd term, and prelim) conducted in2nd-year MBBS student in the department of pharmacology of four batches. Participators were students who had given theirnames for participation in the quiz and had undergone pre-quiz training and selected candidates were among the participatorswho got selected to take part in the final quiz. Participators were trained for the quiz. Rest of the students were considered asnonparticipators. Equal number of topper nonparticipators was chosen based on number of selected students. Marks betweenthe groups were compared with paired and unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon Signed-rank test. P < 0.05was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of a total of 728 students, 147 were participators, 131 participated but not selected, and 16 got selected, 581 werenonparticipators, 16 toppers were selected. The theory, practical and combined marks of participators and selected students werehigher than nonparticipators and not selected students, respectively. Practical and combine marks of topper nonparticipatorswere higher than the selected students at baseline, but in 3rd term the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Quiz-based teaching in pharmacology enhances performance in pharmacology

Innovative practice and popularization analysis of problem-based learning in the teaching of clinical molecular biology testing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To carry out innovative practice as well as questionnaire survey and conduct promotion analysis of clinical molecular biology testing based on problem-based learning (PBL). Methods 137 Students of medical laboratory technology discipline were chosen as subjects to conduct the innovative practice of PBL method. The teaching results were shared and promoted by video online through WeChat. Micro-questionnaire was conducted in 335 students, and the results of the survey were statistically analyzed. Result The improved PBL teaching based on speech contest can boost students to integrate into classroom teaching actively in which they had a better understanding of the knowledge so that the expected teaching quality of clinical molecular biology testing was achieved effectively. Questionnaire showed that the impact of PBL teaching method on students was not extensive currently, indicating that there was still more space to promoting such teaching methods. Although traditional teaching methods still held a place in students' minds (43.9%, 147 cases), the innovative teaching of PBL, which is novel, interesting and colorful, is more in line with the expectations of medical laboratory students in the new era and has the highest acceptance (49.6%, 166 cases). Conclusion The innovative practice of PBL teaching based on speech contest can achieve the purpose of strengthening students' knowledge acquisition and flexibility in the practical use of knowledge, which is worthy of promoting. Teachers could gradually integrate the new PBL teaching model into the tradi-tional teaching methods in the future, making students study efficiently in a relaxed and active atmosphere

Influence of Pharmacist Professional Skill Contest on the Continuing Education of Hospital Pharmacists / 医药导报

Combined with the development of modem hospital pharmacy,in light of the present condition of the continuing education for the hospital pharmacists,based on the continuing education mode and method of the affiliated provincial hospital of Anhui medical university pharmacists,from the establishment of continuing education's goal and mode,the construction of hierarchical continuing education system,and education content integration aspects,this paper expounds the role and influence of the pharmacist professional skill contest.Through pharmacist professional skill contest,pharmacist can test and evaluate the hospital pharmacist professional ability,gradually improve pharmaceutical service level and quality of pharmacists.By introducing the pharmacist professional skill contest,pharmacist can not only timely adjust the continuing education's plan and ways,better coordinate with the development of hospital pharmacists,but also provide important technical support and talent reserves for the pharmacist professional skill contest.

Reflections on the teaching competition of young teachers in medical colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

National Teaching Contests of young teachers from medical colleges in China has been held for several years. Experiences obtained from participating and observing the contest have shown that the teaching ability and quality of young teachers have been dramatically improved over these years. But there are a few problems worthy of attention. First, up-to-date progress in scientific research should be intro-duced to the class in proper way. Applying the scientific material mechanically or overgeneralizing individual findings should be avoided in this process. Secondly, the teachers should strengthen the cultivation of criti-cal thinking and dialectical way of thinking, to enable students to use critical thinking, the integrated point of view to analyze and solve the problem. Thirdly, teaching should also focus on humanistic education, and through the infiltration of human content in the classroom, imperceptibly affect students. Finally, young teachers can give full play to their advantages of rapid learning and to use internet as a platform for the reform of teaching methods to promote the interaction between teachers and students, enriching their class-room.

Valsalva Retinopathy Associated With an Oratorical Contest

A 17-year-old man presented to us with a chief complaint of decreased visual acuity accompanied by central scotoma. There was nothing unusual in his medical history other than a recent oratorical contest. At the time of initial diagnosis, the corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye. No significant findings were apparent on ophthalmic evaluation. On fundoscopy, there was a dumbbell-shaped macular bleed with a well-defined margin in the left eye. The clinical course was closely monitored along with drug therapy. Four weeks post presentation, the pre-retinal hemorrhage had nearly resolved. On fluorescein angiography, no significant findings were observed. In the left eye, the corrected visual acuity had improved to 20/25. Valsalva retinopathy is a pathology that occurs when a sudden increase in intra-thoracic pressure or abdominal pressure occurs in an otherwise healthy person. Here we report a case of Valsalva retinopathy occurring following an oratorical contest along with a review of the relevant literature.

Mating strategies and aggressive combat in wingless neotropical fig wasp males

The aim of this work was to study the wingless males of pollinating (Pegoscapus tonduzi) and two nonpollinating fig wasp species, genus Idarnes, associated with figs (Ficus citrifolia) in Brazil to answer the following questions: 1) Do wingless males of Idarnes spp. and P. tonduzi show different male-male competition strategies?; and, 2) Do the injury within-species variables correlate with fig/population features? Consistently higher injury levels were observed in the two species of Idarnes than in the pollinator species. The results suggested that aggressive confrontations were involved in the mating strategies of Idarnes, whereas non-aggressive strategies were shown by males of P. tonduzi. Generally, injury variables in Idarnes spp. correlated positively with the male encounter rate and negatively with the fig size, thus supporting the contest competition theory. The results pointed out that different species under similar local conditions might follow distinct evolutionary histories. Within species, natural-history particularities might have some influence upon quantified injury levels in wingless males.

Estudamos machos ápteros da espécie polinizadora (Pegoscapus tonduzi) e de duas espécies não-polinizadoras, gênero Idarnes, de vespas de figo associadas à Ficus citrifolia no Brasil, para responder as seguintes questões: 1) Os machos ápteros de Idarnes spp. e P. tonduzi apresentam estratégias diferentes de competição entre machos?; e 2) As variáveis associadas às injúrias são correlacionadas às características populacionais de cada espécie? Os níveis de injúrias foram maiores nas duas espécies de Idarnes. Nossos resultados sugerem que combates agressivos fazem parte da estratégia de acasalamento de Idarnes, ao passo que machos de P. tonduzi adotam estratégias não agressivas. Em geral, as variáveis de injúria correlacionaram-se positivamente à taxa de encontros entre machos e negativamente ao tamanho do figo, apoiando a teoria de competição direta. Nossos resultados apontaram que espécies diferentes sob condições similares podem seguir histórias evolutivas distintas. Particularidades da história natural das espécies podem influenciar o nível de injúria quantificado nos machos ápteros.

Thinking of Challenge Cup contest / 中华医学教育探索杂志

It is very important to train the university students to become the innovative tal-ents by improving their creative capability of science and technology.The Challenge Cup Contest is the main platform for them,which provides the chance of deepening teaching reform,training the student best practice capability and improving students'creativity.By analyzing Challenge Cup Contest itself and medical school students'experience of attending Challenge Cup Contest,we have found a lot valuable information which will contribute to improving students'scientific quality and training them to become innovative talents.

A study on training young teachers though teaching contest / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To adhere teaching contest was an effective way of improve the teaching skills of young teachers in colleges,and was very important in improving the teaching level of medical school. Based on the experience of training teachers though teaching contests,we gave some suggestions on teaching contest.