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Objective @#To study the clinical periodontal status of patients with desquamative gingivitis (DG) and analyze the factors that influence clinical periodontal indicators.@*Methods @#A purposive sampling method was used to obtain 42 subjects for a DG case group and a control group. Periodontal clinical indicators were detected, and related factors were analyzed. @*Results @#The DG patients were primarily middle-aged women. Periodontal clinical indicators were more prevalent in individuals with oral lichen planus (OLP) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) than in the control group. Probing depth (PD) (χ2=53.058, P<0.001; χ2=32.989, P<0.001), clinical attachment (χ2=30.292, P<0.001; χ2=32.470, P<0.001) and the positive rate of bleeding on probing (BOP) (χ2=50.003, P<0.001; χ2=36.236, P<0.001) were higher in the OLP and MMP group than in the control group. The time interval between the onset and treatment of DG was correlated with PD (rs=0.523, P<0.001) and the rate of positive BOP sites (rs=0.377, P=0.014). @*Conclusion@# Patients with DG have obvious periodontal lesions. Early medical intervention is helpful for diagnosing and treating DG-related oral and systemic disease.
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Objective To evaluate the cognitive function and its correlative factors in centenarians.Methods Forty-nine subjects in Zhongxiang city were included in this mass screening.Questionnaire was utilized to collect basic data,including age,gender,ability of daily life,depression,life habits,body mass index,and history of chronic diseases on all the subjects.And the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)was adopted to evaluate cognitive function of old people.T test and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in effectiveness of multiple different factors on cognitive function,while binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effects of multiple different factors on cognitive function.Results The mean score of the ability of different dimensions of cognitive function was (7.10 ± 2.71) in direction,(1.94 ±± 0.80) in memory,(0.61 ± 1.07) in attention and computation,(1.92 ± 0.86) in recall,and (4.73 ± 2.14) in speech,respectively,with total score of cognitive function of(16.30±6.02) in forty-nine centenarians.Normal cognitive function was found in 25 cases,and decreased cognitive function was found in 24 cases.Single factor logistic analysis indicated that body mass index(t=-3.399,P=0.001)and self-rating depression scale(t=-5.731,P＜0.001) were lower in patients with normal cognitive function than in patients with declined cognitive function.And smoking patients were associated with higher rates of normal cognitive function than the non-smoking patients(87.5％ vs.43.9％,x2 =5.091,P=0.028),and patients with normal hearing were associated with higher rate of normal cognitive function than patients with hearing loss(70.3 ％ vs.27.3 ％,x2 =9.01,P=0.030).Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that depression index(β=-14.40,P=0.001) and body mass index(β=-0.424,P=0.015) were independent effective factors for cognitive function.Conclusions Improvement of the condition of depression and controlling the body mass index are hopeful for recovering or postponing their cognitive impairment in centenarians.
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Objeetive To analyze the effect of treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD) by scleral bucking as well as the relative risk factors affecting the anatomical reattachment and visual recovery.Methods One hundred and fortyeight patients (148 eyes) with RRD treated by sclera buckling surgery in our hospital during January 2012 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The rate of postoperative retinal anatomic reattachment,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and complications were observed.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlative factors affecting the anatomical reattachment and postoperative vision restoration.R~ults Retinal reattachment achieved in 91.9％ after initial surgery and the final success rate for anatomic reattachment was 97.3％ assessed with ophthalmoscope and fundus photography.But these two rates were assessed with the optical coherence tomography (OCT) were 60.1％ and 80.4％ respectively.Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that retinal detachment was affected by multiple breaks and Grade C1 PVR(all P ＜0.05);Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative BCVA,course of disease,retinal detachment range,macular involvement or not had an impact on the postoperative recovery of BCVA (all P ＜ 0.05),preoperative age,refractive status,releasing retinal fluid or not,intravitreal gas injection,combined scleral buckling,and postoperative subretinal fluid,all of these factors had no effect on BCVA recovery after surgery (all P ＞ 0.05).And through multiple factors Logistic regression analysis,preoperative BCVA was an independent risk factor for BCVA recovery after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Scleral bucking is an effective technique for managing RRD,but multiple breaks and Grade C1 PVR are significant risk factors for anatomic.Preoperative BCVA,course of disease,retinal detachment range,macular involvement or not have the impact on the BCVA recovery after scleral buckling,and the preoperative BCVA is the key factor.Early diagnosis and early treatment as well as protecting the preoperative visual acuity can improve prognosis.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in pa?tients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and investigate correlative factors of RBD. Methods Sixty-three consecutive PD pa?tients were included and classified into PD+RBD group (n=28) and PD-RBD group (n=35) according to REM Sleep Be?havior Disorder Questionnaire (RBDQ-HK). The degree of motor symptoms was compared using Unified Parkinson Dis?ease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn&Yahr (H-Y) grade, the incidence of non motor symptoms was compared using non motor symptoms questionnaire (NMSquest), and the cognitive function, anxiety, depression, daytime sleep were com?pared using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS) between the two groups. Results The incidence of RBD in PD patients was 44.4% (28/63). There were longer illness course ( χ2=12.733, P=0.002), older age (t=-2.292, P=0.025), and higher H-Y grades (χ2=7.014, P=0.008) in PD+RBD group, compared with those in PD-RBD group, but there were no significant differences in sex, onset age, onset form and levodapa dose equivalents (LDE) between the two groups. There were higher UPDRSⅡ,Ⅲ scores (t=-2.734, P=0.008; U=3.329, P=0.001) in PD+RBD group. Most of the non motor symptoms, including the gastrointestinal dysfunctions, psychiatric comorbidity and sleep disturbances were more frequent in PD+RBD group (P<0.05), and the incidence of anxiety and depression were higher (χ2=3.958, P=0.047; χ2=10.338, P=0.001), whereas there were no significant differences in cognitive function and daytime sleep between the two groups. In addition, constipation (OR=7.257), illness course (OR=5.389), UPDRS Ⅲ scores (OR=1.060) were correlative with RBD in PD patients. Con?clusion PD patients with longer illness course, older ages, and severe motor and non motor symptoms more likely suffer from RBD. Besides, constipation, long illness course and high UPDRSⅢscores may be risk factors of RBD.
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Objective To explore the related factors of early hematoma enlargement in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data of 142 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed.The first CT was performed within 6 h of onset and the second within 24 h of onset.Single factor analysis and multiple Logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the related factors of early hematoma enlargement.Results The incidence of early hematoma enlargement was 24.6％ (35/142).Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that the following four factors were independently associated with early hematoma enlargement:age (OR =1.069,P =0.003),systolic pressure (OR =1.865,P =0.026),sharp of hematoma (OR =2.712,P =0.028),using mannitol (OR =2.939,P =0.020).Location of hemorrhage and volume of hemorrhage were not associated with early hematoma enlargement (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Age,systolic pressure,sharp of hematoma and using mannitol are the important predictors of early hematoma enlargement with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.In patients with older age,higher systolic pressure,irregularly shaped hematoma,close observation of hematoma enlargement should be made CT-scanning check.And the caution in the early use of dehydrating agent should be careful.
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Objective To investigate the detectable rate and correlative factors of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind children in Ningxia rural area.Methods 1394 children,between 6 and 15 years old,of which 282 were Hui nationality children and 112 were Hui left-behind children,were selected from six primary schools and two junior middle schools using cluster random sampling method in Yongning,Ningxia.All of them were assessed by the Achenbach 's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and self-designed General Information Questionnaire.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the correlative factors of behavior problems.Results The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality children between 6 and 15 years old was 31.25％,which was higher than the Han nationality left-behind children' s(17.84％) and Hui nationality nonleft-behind children' s (14.12％).Among the Hui left-behind children,those who between 6 and 11 years old,had been left alone between 5 and 7,and whose parents exchanging ideas with teachers less than one time a month had higher detectable rates (x2 =14.904,6.327,7.904,P ＜ 0.05).Among the Hui ethnic children,the detectable rates of those who between 6 and 11 yeas old were higher than that of the non-left-behind children' s(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Hui ethnic left-behind children between 12 and 15 years old (OR =0.179) and those whose parents contacted with their teachers frequently(OR =0.362) had less possibilities to attach behavior problems.Conclusion The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind Children between 6 andl5 years old in Ningxia is higher,and the correlative factors are complex.
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Objective To analyze reliability, validity and the correlative factors of the Chinese Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).Methods Fifty healthy subjects were assessed with PASAT, MMSE, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) ,the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( PSQI).After(7 ±2) days of the initial assessment,20 of the subjects were enrolled in the test-retest reliability and scorer reliability test,and 40 were taken into the construct validity test which included other 10 neuropsychological tests such as the Prospective Memory Test,the Chinese Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test,the Symbol Digit Modalities Test,the Trail Making Test and so on.Results The internal consistency reliability ( cronbach' s α = 0.900 ),test-retest reliability ( ICC = 0.837, P = 0.000), score reliability ( ICC = 0.999, P = 0.000) of the Chinese PA-SAT were generally high.Practice effect were observed in short term ( Z = -3.304, P= 0.001 ).Executive function,working memory,verbal memory, time based prospective memory and the ability of logic reasoning were involved to complete the task of PASAT.There was a significant positive correlation of the PASAT results and the education years( r=0.582, P=0.000).Conclusion The Chinese PASAT has good reliability and validity for Chinese young and middle-aged people.Years of education and the Chinese PASAT were significantly related.On the other hand, the relationship of the Chinese PASAT and other factors, such as age and gender, should be further explored in future.
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@#Objective To explore the factors correlated with low extremity muscle strength in inpatients with acute stroke. MethodsThe low extremity muscle strength determined with manual muscle test (MMT) in 100 inpatients were multiple linear regression analyzed with other 11 factors. ResultsThe low extremity muscle strength were positively correlative with low extremity paralysis (RR=0.613,P=0.000) and rehabilitation (RR=1.178,P=0.000). ConclusionRehabilitation might be a main factor for recover of low extremity muscle strength in patient with stroke.
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Primary hepatic carcinoma is one of the high incidence malignant tumors and the mortality ranked the second in the death caused by malignant tumors in China. The research progress on the epidemiology of primary hepatic carcinoma, the related environmental factors(virus, parasite, bacterium infected, aflatoxin ingested, drinking water pollution, smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages) and genes were reviewed and the mechanism of primary hepatic carcinoma was discussed in the present paper.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the feature of nosocomial infections of our hospital inpatients,and analyze the correlative factors,based on which effective methods are taken.METHODS An analysis was made on the basis of the survey,the data came from 58 324 hospitalized cases from 2003 to 2006.RESULTS Of them 2 509 cases were infected,the incidence was 4.30%.The lower respiratory tract ranked the first place (26.66%)and the highest infected rate was in Hematology Department(7.79%).The species were predominated by Gram-negatives(58.04%).CONCLUSIONS Strengthening the nosocomial infection management,the infection rate could be decreased after taking prevention measures according to various correlative factors.
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Objective To study the sleeping quality and correlative factors of key senior middle school students of Beijing. Methods With pittsburg sleeping quality index (PSQI) scale, 344 key senior middle school students participated and completed the questionnaire. Results Percentage of sleep disorder accounted for 24.4% in the senior middle school students;Sleeping time was shorter than 7 hours in total of 61% students. Compared with key class students, sleeping time was shorter(P
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Objective To analyze the prevalence of nosocomial infections among inpatients and its influential factors.Methods The retrospective survey was performed by reviewing and analyzing the clinical data of 7788 inpatients in 2004 in Nankai Hospital of Tianjin.Results Totally 250 nosocomial infection cases were identified,which gave a prevalence of 3.21%.The all-year highest prevalence was found in September.Among all the departments,the highest rate,5.20%,occurred in Department of Gynecology.The inpatients aged more than 60-year-old showed higher prevalence than those under 60 years old.The main infection position was lower respiratory tract(41.60%).Concludes The prevalence of nosocomial infections of Nankai Hospital were within the acceptable standard range defined by Ministry of Health,China.Nevertheless,the prevalence would be reduced if measurements for surveillance and control could be properly applied.
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Cause-effect deduction is the basis of both natural and social sciences. Both wealthy knowledge and logical design are essential in obtaining the true causality among medical studies. Though association analysis provides important information for cause-effect deduction, it does not mean causality itself. Before the existence of the causality between two variables being identified, rigorous criteria must be followed. A number of indexes, such as the significance and the degree of the association, the dose-response relationship, the biology-based possibility, as well as the consistency and specificity, all should be examined very carefully. Clear verifiable hypotheses, rational selection of subjects, reliable experimental methods, appropriate statistical analysis and correct logical deductions, all are the integral parts that finally constitute a faithful deduction.