RESUMEN
Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage organ failure. Nevertheless, organ shortage is a global problem, which limits further development of organ transplantation. Recent research shows that genetically modified pig may become a realistic alternative source of clinical organ transplantation donor. Xenotransplantation may serve as one of the effective measures to resolve the problem of organ shortage. Since 2021, 2 cases of living xenotransplantation and 6 cases of xenotransplantation in brain death recipients have been performed worldwide, and phase Ⅰ clinical trial of xenotransplantation has been launched, and the results have exceeded expectations. Therefore, in this article, recent clinical trial results of xenotransplantation in living and brain death recipients were retrospectively analyzed, and scientific, technical and ethical issues related to clinical research of xenotransplantation were illustrated, hoping to provide reference for clinical research of xenotransplantation in China and promote the development of xenotransplantation in clinical practice.
RESUMEN
Coronaviruses widely exist in the nature.The domestic animals, poultry, rodents, and wild mammals, especially bats are the natural reservoir hosts of various coronaviruses , which spread infectious agents causing epidemics of animal or human diseases .Six coronaviruses have been found to cause disease in human, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which cause high mortality rates.Due to the extensive hosts and the genomic characteristics , coronavirus is prone to gene recombination and mutation in the course of evolution, showing genetic diversity.New subtypes and new coronaviruses continue to emerge during this process, making it possible for cross-species infections, which bring great difficulties in the prevention and treatment of the disease.The article reviews and discusses the morphological structure , classification, genome and cross-species infection, pathogenicity of coronavirus as well as the prevention and control measures of its infection.
RESUMEN
The clinical application of xenotransplantation can provide unlimited donator organs,and promote the rapid development of organ transplantation.Xenotransplantation must overcome rejection and cross-species infection,and the latter adverse reaction is known as the biggest potential danger brought by xenotransplantation.Although cross-species infection caused by xenotransplantation has not yet occurred,test-tube experiments have already confirmed the possibility of cross-species infection.Besides,ethical issues related to the use of animal organs have been a heated social concern.