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Objective:To determine ex vivo antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytic Streptomyces SUK 08 as well as the main core structure fractionated from its crude extract.Methods:The activities of SUK 08 crude extract were evaluated by using the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay and synchronization test against rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei,instead of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.The cytotoxicity of the crude extract was determined by MTT assay.The crude extract was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry.Results:The ethyl acetate crude extract showed very promising antimalarial activity with IC50 of 1.25 mg/mL.The synchronization tests showed that ethyl acetate extraction could inhibit all stages of the Plasmodium life cycle,but it was most effective at the Plasmodium ring stage.On the basis of a MTT assay on Chang Liver cells,ethyl acetate and ethanol demonstrated IC50 values of ＞ 1.0 mg/mL.The IC50 of parasitemia at 5％ and 30％ for this extract was lower than chloroquine.Thin-layer chromatography,with 1∶9ratio of ethyl acetate:hexane,was used to isolate several distinct compounds.Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry analysis,three core structures were identiffed as cyclohexane,butyl propyl ester,and 2,3-heptanedione.Structurally,these compounds were similar to currently available antimalarial drugs.Conclusions:The results suggest that compounds isolated from Streptomyces SUK 08 are viable antimalarial drug candidates that require further investigations.
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Objective To determine ex vivo antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytic Streptomyces SUK 08 as well as the main core structure fractionated from its crude extract. Methods The activities of SUK 08 crude extract were evaluated by using the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay and synchronization test against rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, instead of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract was determined by MTT assay. The crude extract was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. Results The ethyl acetate crude extract showed very promising antimalarial activity with IC
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Objective: An ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC- QqQ-MS/MS) method has been established to simultaneously determine the contents of six bioactive constituents [japonicaside A (JA), L-phenylalanion secologanin B (PSB), luteolin, scopolamine, (1S,6R,7R,10R)-6-carboxy-10-methyl-α-methylene-1-(1- oxobutyl)-cyclohexane acrylic acid (CMCA), and 3α,5α-tetrahydrodeoxycordifoline lactam (TL)] from Reduning Injection. Methods: This chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) column with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid water (A) and methanol (B) in a gradient elution (0.01-2.00 min, 5% B; 2.00-4.00 min, 5%-40% B; 4.00-11.00 min, 40%-95% B; 11.00-13.00 min, 95% B; 13.00-13.10 min, 95%-5% B; 13.10-14.00 min, 5% B) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and the colunm temperature was set at 20℃. The analytes were detected using electrospray ionization (ESI) source by positive and negative ion monitoring mode. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated by ESI source in positive and negative ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring for the detection of the six compounds. In the positive ion monitoring mode, the flow rate of Collision Gas (CAD) was 8 mL/min, the flow rate of Curtain Gas (CUR) was 20 mL/min, the temperature (TEM) was 500℃ and the Ion Spray Voltage (IS) was 4 500 V. In the negative ion monitoring mode, the flow rate of Collision Gas (CAD) was 8 mL/min, the flow rate of Curtain Gas (CUR) was 20 mL/min, the temperature (TEM) was 500℃ and the Ion Spray Voltage (IS) was -4 500 V. Results: All calibration curves of the six components showed excellent linear regressions (r ≥ 0.999 0) within the test range. The average recoveries were 78.93%, 114.65%, 101.99%, 90.98%, 98.08%, and 115.58%, and the average contents of six bioactive constituents in 16 batches of Reduning Injection were 2.00, 26.63, 52.63, 5.29, 34.64, and 9.69 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The established method is rapid, accurate, and has high repeatability, which could provide scientific evidences for the quality control of Reduning Injection.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore an improved method for determination of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane in workplace air by solvent desorption-gas chromatography. METHODS: Cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane in workplace air were collected by activated carbon tubes,desorbed with carbon disulfide,separated by DB-1 capillary chromatography column,detected by flame ionization detector and quantified using the standard calibration curves. RESULTS: The linear range of the concentration of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane were 1. 0-1 402. 2 and 0. 8-1 999. 4 mg / L respectively.Both the correlation coefficients were 0. 999 9. Both the detection limits were 0. 3 mg / L. The limits of quantification were1. 0 and 0. 8 mg / L respectively. Both the minimum detectable concentrations were 0. 2 mg / m3. The minimum quantitative mass concentrations of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane were 0. 7 and 0. 6 mg / m3respectively( sample volume was 1. 5L). The average desorption efficiencies were 98. 5%-99. 3% and 97. 6%-99. 0% respectively. The relative standard deviations( RSD) of within-run precision were 0. 36%-0. 59% and 0. 34%-0. 50% respectively. The RSD of between-run precision were 0. 89%-2. 04% and 0. 87%-2. 22% respectively. The samples could be stored for up to 7 days at room temperature. CONCLUSION: This method has features of simple operation,high sensitivity and good precision,which is suitable for simultaneous determination of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane in workplace air.
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El desarrollo de generadores radisotópicos solo para uso industrial y de radiotrazadores, a partir de los ya existentes como el de 
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, se ha potenciado en los últimos 10 años como una opción atractiva ante las dificultades de garantizar la disponibilidad de radiotrazadores para aplicaciones en la industria. Teniendo en cuenta que la extracción con la mezcla 30 % TBF-16 % TOA/ciclohexano se utilizó con éxito para adecuar el eluido del generador de / como radiotrazador de fluidos orgánicos, se realizó un estudio de optimización de la composición volumétrica de esta mezcla; se estableció un modelo matemático para predecir el grado de extracción (R %) del , en dependencia de las concentraciones volumétricas de TOA y TBF, para una actividad de 3.1 MBq, y se determinó que, aún reduciendo la concentración volumétrica de TBF al 1 % y la de TOA al 0.3 %, se extrajo el 96.44 ± 0.21 % del 
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The development of radioisotope generators for industrial use, and of radiotracers from those already existing as that of /, has been strengthened in the last 10 years like an attractive option to solve the difficulties in guaranteeing the availability of radiotracers for application in the industry. Extraction with the mixture 30 % TBP-16 % TOA/cyclohexane has been successfully used to adapt the , eluted from / generator, as an organic fluid radiotracer. This work presents an optimization study of volumetric composition of this mixture, to guide the extraction process towards the best cost benefit relation according to necessary activity at a given application. Based on experimental results, a model that predicts extraction yield (R %) as a dependent variable of TOA and TBP volumetric concentrations was established, for 3.1 MBq of . Moreover, the outcomes show that even when TBP volumetric concentration decreases from 30 to 1 % and TOA concentration, from 16 to 0.3 %, the extraction yield was 96.44 ± 0.21%.
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Natural essential oils are used extensively in fragrances, flavorants, and in the food and pharmaceutical industries. During hydrodistillation, a part of the essential oil becomes dissolved in the condensate and lost as this water is discarded. In this study, carvone and limonene content recovered from hydrodistillation waste water of caraway fruit were quantified using two methods for recovering dissolved aromatic molecules from condensate water: extraction through distillation and extraction by means of a solvent. This allows for the conservation of useful molecules which are typically discarded with the waste water produced during the distillation process. The objective of this study was to quantify the carvone and limonene content recoverable from waste water derived from the distillation of caraway essential oil. The well-known Clevenger method and a simpler, more practical technique employing cyclohexane as a solvent were employed to determine the recoverable content of aromatic molecules from the hydrosol. The chemical compositions of the respective recovered extracts were compared with those of the primary oils to analyze the efficacy of these methods. Recovered extract accounted for 10 to 40 percent of the total oil yield. The limonene and carvone molecules recovered using these methods were quantified through gas chromatography in order to characterize the composition of the secondary extract produced.
Los aceites esenciales naturales se utilizan ampliamente en las fragancias, saborizantes, y en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica. Durante la hidrodestilación, una parte del aceite esencial se disuelve en el condensado y se pierde como agua de descarga. En este estudio, el contenido de carvona y limoneno recuperados del agua de desecho de la hidrodestilación de la fruta de alcaravea se cuantificaron utilizando dos métodos para recuperar las moléculas aromáticas disueltas en el agua condensada: extracción a través de la destilación y la extracción con un disolvente. Esto permite la conservación de las moléculas útiles que normalmente son desechadas con las aguas residuales producidas durante el proceso de destilación. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar el contenido de carvona y limoneno recuperable de las aguas residuales procedente de la destilación del aceite esencial de alcaravea. El conocido método de Clevenger y una técnica sencilla y práctica que emplea ciclohexano como disolvente fueron utilizadas para determinar el contenido de moléculas aromáticas contenidas en el hidrosol. La composición química de los extractos recuperados fue comparada con los aceites primarios para analizar la eficacia de estos métodos. El extracto recuperado representa del 10 al 40 por ciento del contenido total de aceite esencial. Las moléculas de limoneno y carvona recuperadas mediante estos métodos se cuantificaron mediante cromatografía de gases con el fin de caracterizar la composición del extracto secundario.
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Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites Volátiles/química , Carum , Ciclohexanos/análisis , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Monoterpenos/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases , Destilación , Terpenos/análisisRESUMEN
Objective To establish a simultaneous determination method of cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol in workplace air. Methods To collect the cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol from the workplace air by pumping the air through the active carbon tube,resolve them with alcohol and then test the content of them by capillary gas chromatography. Results It was proved that these samples were separated effectively. The final measurement range of cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol was 30-1 000 ?g/ml,20-1 000 ?g/ml and 20-880 ?g/ml respectively,the linear equation was y=257.4x+987.1 (r=0.999 9),y=239.9x+664.6 (r=0.9999 ) and y=192.4x+607.1 (r=0.999 9) respectively,the detection limit of was 1.5 ?g/ml,0.5 ?g/ml and 1.0 ?g/ml respectively. The minimum detectable concentration was 1.0 mg/m3,0.3 mg/m3 and 0.7 mg/m3 respectively (collected 1.5 L air sample). The efficiency of resolution was 90.1%,91.2% and 93.1% respectively. Conclusion The method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of the cyclohexane,cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol in the workplace air.