Preliminary Study on Prognostic Factors of New-onset Diabetes Mellitus After Distal Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cystic Tumor / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore the prognostic factors of new-onset diabetes mellitus(NODM)in patients with pancreatic cystic tumor after distal pancreatectomy(DP).Methods Between January 2010 and December 2019,92 patients with cystic pancreatic tumors in our hospital underwent laparoscopic DP.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 74 cases were included and divided into NODM group or normal glucose metabolism group based on whether postoperative NODM occurred.A univariate analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors of laparoscopic DP for pancreatic cystic tumors.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant,OR>4 was considered as a potential prognostic factor of clinical significance for NODM.Results NODM was diagnosed in26 cases(35.1%),with a median diagnosis time of 9 months(range,3-56 months)after surgery.Univariate analysis showed that transecting pancreas in the neck(OR = 11.000,P = 0.000),BMI≥25.0(OR = 4.333,P = 0.007),and family history of diabetes mellitus(OR =5.000,P =0.004)were prognostic factors of postoperative NODM.Conclusions When performing DP for pancreatic cystic tumors,it is advisable to preserve as much pancreatic tissue as possible and avoid cutting off the pancreas in the neck.Precise postoperative strategy of glucose metabolism surveillance for patients with BMI≥25.0 and family history of diabetes mellitus should be promoted.

Ruptured urachal mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential: A case report and review of literature

@#Neoplasms of the urachus are uncommon, consisting of only 0.17% of all bladder malignancy. Mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCLTMP) is a rare subtype with only 26 cases reported in the literature as of 2023. These tumors may present in a variety of ways such as hematuria, mucusuria, lower abdominal pain and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms. This is a case of 43-year-old female presenting at the emergency room for abdominal pain initially managed as a case of ovarian new growth in complication who underwent exploratory laparotomy, adhesiolysis, bilateral salpingectomy, partial cystectomy enbloc removal of urachal with anterior peritonectomy and excision of umbilicus. Histopathologic examination revealed mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCLTMP) of the urachus. It is important to consider the possibility of a ruptured urachal cyst in a female patient who presents with hypogastric abdominal pain. A transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound may lead to an incorrect diagnosis. In such cases where the patient presented with an acute abdomen, knowledge that a ruptured urachal cyst maybe a differential for such masses would lead to a strategic laparotomy incision aimed at a possible en-bloc removal of the umbilicus while maintaining the connections of the possible urachal mass to the urinary bladder.

Neoplasia cística mucinosa do pâncreas / Mucinous cystic neoplasia of the pancreas

Introdução: Neoplasia cística mucinosa é tumor mucinoso benigno (cistoadenoma mucinoso) ou maligno (cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso), que não se comunica com os ductos pancreáticos. Objetivo: Apresentar revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Método: Ênfase nas diretrizes das principais sociedades médicas mundiais na orientação do diagnóstico, tratamento e a vigilância da neoplasia cística mucinosa. Resultado: A quase totalidade dessas neoplasias ocorre no gênero feminino de 40-50 anos de idade. Como raras exceções, esta neoplasia é encontrada na cauda/corpo do pâncreas. Para estabelecer o diagnóstico é necessário a presença de estroma similar ao do ovário na parede do cisto no exame patológico. Exames de imagem de alta resolução, como tomografia, ressonância magnética e ecoendoscopia apresentam elevada precisão para identificar esta neoplasia. O tratamento cirúrgico consiste na pancreatectomia distal com linfadenectomia e esplenectomia. A via laparoscópica ou robótica é preferida para tumores <5-7 cm. Devido a possibilidade de rotura do tumor e disseminação da neoplasia, as lesões >5-7 cm devem ser submetidos à ressecção laparotômica. Conclusão: Não existe uniformidade internacional na conduta terapêutica. O tratamento cirúrgico deve ser indicado para todos os pacientes com condições cirúrgicas e que apresentam neoplasia ≥3-4 cm, dependendo do consenso.

Introduction: Mucinous cystic neoplasia is a benign mucinous tumor (mucinous cystadenoma) or malignant (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma), which does not communicate with the pancreatic ducts. Objective: To present a review of the literature on the topic. Method: Emphasis on the guidelines of the main global medical societies in guiding the diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of mucinous cystic neoplasia. Result: Almost all of these neoplasms occur in females aged 40-50 years. As a rare exception, this neoplasm is found in the tail/body of the pancreas. To establish the diagnosis, the presence of stroma similar to that of the ovary in the cyst wall is necessary on pathological examination. High-resolution imaging exams, such as tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound, are highly accurate in identifying this neoplasm. Surgical treatment consists of distal pancreatectomy with lymphadenectomy and splenectomy. The laparoscopic or robotic route is preferred for tumors <5-7 cm. Due to the possibility of tumor rupture and dissemination of the neoplasm, lesions >5-7 cm must undergo laparotomic resection. Conclusion: There is no international uniformity in therapeutic conduct. Surgical treatment should be indicated for all patients with surgical conditions and who have neoplasia ≥3-4 cm, depending on the consensus.

Chinese Consensus for Pancreatic Cancer Screening and Surveillance in High ⁃ risk Individuals (2021, Nanjing) / 胃肠病学

Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant with low 5‑year survival rate because it is hard to be diagnosed in early stage. So far, a standardized screening strategy of early pancreatic cancer has not been achieved in China. Based on updated research evidence, a total of 26 recommendations are proposed for screening aims, high ‑ risk individuals, initial screening age, follow ‑ up interval, monitoring methods and timing of operation. Chinese consensus for early pancreatic cancer screening and surveillance is finally formulated.

Linfangioma mesentérico en la edad pediátrica / Mesenteric Lynphangioma in the pediatric ages

Resumen Introducción: Dentro del espectro de las malformaciones congénitas con las cuales debe lidiar un cirujano pediatra, los tumores y malformaciones vasculares representan un grupo especial de entidades que continúan actualmente en estudio. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicoquirúrgicas de una serie de dos casos con malformaciones de origen linfático. Presentacion de casos: Dos pacientes con edades pediátricas, 12 y 4 años, respectivamente, ingresaron en servicio de urgencia con signos de oclusión intestinal y lesiones tumorales quísticas abdominales que requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico con modalidades de técnicas quirúrgicas diferentes. La evolución final fue satisfactoria. Conclusión: Los linfagiomas intestinales forman parte de la gama de presentaciones clínicas de las malformaciones de origen linfático, con una incidencia baja pero que, dada su localización y síntomas, pueden requerir tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia. Su evolución y resolución es satisfactoria, debido al bajo índice de recidiva tras la exéresis completa(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Within the range of congenital malfomations that surgeons have to deal with, vascular tumors and malformations represent an special group of entities that are still under study. Objective: To determine the clinical-surgical characteristics of a series of two cases with congenital malformations of lymphatic origin. Cases presentation: Two patients of 12 and 4 years old respectively that were admitted in the Emergencies services in the Clinical-Surgical Hospital of Guayaquil, Ecuador, with manifestations of intestinal obstruction and abdominal cystic tumoral lesions that required surgical treatments with different techniques. Final evolution was satisfactory. Conclusion: Intestinal lymphoangiomas are part of the kinds of clinical presentations of lymphatic origin´s malformations. These have a low incidence but due to their localization and symptoms can require emergency surgical treatment. Their evolution and resolution is satisfactory due to the low index of recidive after complete exeresis(AU)

Neoplasias quísticas mucinosas del páncreas: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Clinical case of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms and literature review

Resumen Las neoplasias quísticas mucinosas del páncreas son lesiones relativamente frecuentes, afectan principalmente a mujeres perimenopáusicas; la mayoría son únicos, localizados en el cuerpo y la cola del páncreas, y no tienen comunicación con el sistema ductal pancreático. Menos del 20% de los casos se asocian con malignidad. La evaluación debe incluir la presentación clínica, las imágenes, la utilización de la ultrasonografía endoscópica y toma de biopsias por punción, la citología y el análisis químico del líquido para la medición de niveles de antígeno carcinoembrionario (ACE). La resección quirúrgica completa es el único tratamiento que mejora la supervivencia a largo plazo en pacientes con lesiones quísticas mucinosas malignas. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso diagnosticado por el grupo de gastroenterología clínico-quirúrgica de la Clínica la Presentación, Manizales, Colombia.

Abstract Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas occur relatively frequently and mainly affect women in the transition to menopause. Most of these neoplasms are unique but are located in the body and tail of the pancreas and have no communication with the pancreatic ductal system. Less than 20% are malignant. Evaluation should include clinical presentation, imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography, puncture biopsies, cytology and chemical analysis of the liquid to measure angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels. Complete surgical resection is the only treatment that can improve long-term survival in patients with malignant mucinous cystic lesions. This article includes a review of the literature related to presentation of a case diagnosed by the surgical clinical gastroenterology group at Clínica la Presentación in Manizales, Colombia.

'Rice Body' Containing Cystic Tumor Occurred at the Volar Aspect of the Finger / 대한피부과학회지

'Rice body' is a soft tissue nodule resembling shiny white rice-bean, which is occasionally observed at the juxta-articular area among patients with rheumatic arthritis and tuberculosis arthritis. A 45-year-old man was presented with tender cystic tumor on the volar aspect of the left third finger, which was noted 5 months prior to the visit. When performing a biopsy, numerous, whitish granular, 5~10 mm in size, and ovoid substances were observed, and found to be the major component of the cystic tumor. Histologically, the granules were consistent with the so-called 'rice bodies' (granules of inner acidophilic material surrounded by fibrin/collagen). With these findings, we report a case of rice body-containing cystic tumor clinically reminiscent of other cystic lesions, which can be seen on the finger around the joint structure.

Descompresión quirúrgica de grandes lesiones maxilares: reporte de casos clínicos / Surgical decompression of large jaw injury: clinical case report

Existen lesiones de considerable tamaño ubicadas tanto en el maxilar como en la mandíbula que constituyen una entidad propia con típicos hallazgos histopatológicos. Este tipo de lesiones son localmente agresivas y presentan una frecuente tendencia recidivante como lo son por ejemplo los tumores odontogénicos quísticos queratinizantes El tratamiento de los mismos sigue siendo controversial. Como conceptos terapéuticos están la marsupialización, la resección de las lesiones de gran tamaño y la descompresión quirúrgica de las mismas, siendo este último en particular el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes con Síndrome de Nevus de Células Basales (también conocido como Síndrome de Gorlin - Goltz) el cual es un desorden autosómico dominante en el que aparecen múltiples alteraciones, las más frecuentes son la presencia de carcinomas de células basales en piel, los Tumores Odontogénicos Quísticos Queratinizantes en los huesos maxilares y otras alteraciones óseas, en dichos casos se valora la importancia de la historia clínica, el examen radiológico y tomográfico, el estudio histopatológico y el papel del odontólogo, ya que su diagnóstico se puede establecer en base a los tumores odontogénicos quísticos queratinizantes que se encuentren y a la interconsulta con médicos especialistas y a estudios complementarios como la radiografía de tórax. El tratamiento que se utilizó en ambos casos fue realizado en dos fases, en una primera etapa se realizó la descompresión quirúrgica de la lesión con el fin de evitar complicaciones tales como fracturas mandibulares, lesiones a dientes y estructuras vecinas; posteriormente se llevó a cabo la enucleación total en conjunto con la osteotomía periférica.

There are considerably big lesions, located in the maxilla and jaw that constitutes an entity with typical histological characteristics. These lesions are locally aggressive and have an important tendency to recidivate, for example, keratinizing odontogenic cystic tumors. The treatment of this entity continues being controversial. As therapeutic options marsupialization, resection of big lesions and surgical decompression has been used, being the last one particularly the subject of study in this work. Two cases of patients with basal cell nevus syndrome are presented, known as Gorlin Goltz syndrome too, which is an autosomal disorder characterized by multiple alterations, the more common are the presence of nevoid basal cell carcinoma in skin, keratinizing odontogenic cystic tumors in the maxilla and jaw, and other bone alterations. In this cases the clinic history or anamnesis, radiologic and tomographic studies, histopathological study and the dentist role are highly valued because diagnostic can be established studying the keratinizing odontogenic cystic tumors, consultation with other specialists and studying complementary studies like thoracic radiography. The treatment performed in both cases was biphasic; first phase consisted in surgical decompression of lesion to avoid complications like mandibular fracture, tooth lesions and neighbor structures damage, after that in the second phase enucleation of the lesion was made with peripheral osteotomy.

Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in the management of solid papillary-cystic tumor of the pancreas: case report and literature review / Pancreatectomia distal com preservação esplênica no tratamento de tumores sólido cístico-papilares de pâncreas: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

BACKGROUND: Solid papillary-cystic pancreatic tumors have been recognized as a distinct neoplastic disease, whose incidence has increased in recent years with advancements in imaging technology. CASE REPORT: Woman 17-year-old consulted with a symptomatic giant homogeneous solid-cystic mass in the pancreatic tail, undergone a spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy, with excision of the splenic vessels. Histopathology revealed epithelium-lined pseudopapillary protrusions, without malignant change. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Solid papillary-cystic pancreatic tumor has uncommon incidence and silent presentation, a high degree of suspicion on the part of the surgeon is warranted. In early diagnosis, complete resection is curative. The spleen should be preserved, if feasible.

INTRODUÇÃO: Tumores sólido-cístico papilares têm sido reconhecidos como uma doença neoplásica distinta, cuja incidência tem aumentado atualmente em decorrências dos avanços em imaginologia. RELATO DO CASO: Mulher de 17 anos, procurou atendimento médico em virtude de uma massa homogênea sólido-cística em cauda pancreática, e foi submetida a pancreatectomia distal com preservação do baço, apesar da excisão dos vasos esplênicos. Avaliação histológica revelou protrusões pseudopapilares revestidas de epitélio, sem degeneração maligna. A evolução clínica pós-operatória ocorreu sem complicações. CONCLUSÃO: Estes tumores têm que ser reconhecidos pelos clínicos, patologistas e radiologistas, e cirurgicamente ressecados com preservação do baço, conquanto apresentam prognóstico favorável.

Tumor pseudopapilar sólido del páncreas: Reporte de un caso / Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: case report

El tumor pseudopapilar sólido de páncreas es una neoplasia poco común que representa solo el 1-2% de los tumores del páncreas. En este reporte se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 13 años que consultó por un cuadro de dolor abdominal. Se le realizó una ecografía en la que se identificó una masa heterogénea pancreática, la que posteriormente fue estudiada con tomografía computada (TC). Se le extirpó quirúrgicamente la cola del páncreas y el bazo, revelando el informe de anatomía patológica la existencia de un tumor sólido-quístico del páncreas. Con la finalidad de plantear un correcto diagnóstico diferencial entre esta lesión y otros tumores pancreáticos, se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente, analizando el aporte de los distintos métodos de imágenes en los tumores de esta estirpe, con sus variables características y comportamientos.

The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare disease, accounting for only 1-2% of pancreatic cystic tumors. We report on a 13-year-old female patient who complained of abdominal pain. An ultrasound was performed, which revealed a heterogeneous pancreatic mass, which was further analyzed with computed tomography (CT). The spleen and pancreas tail were surgically removed. The pathology report described the existence of a solid cystic tumor of the pancreas. In order to make a proper differential diagnosis between this lesion and other pancreatic tumors, a literature review was carried out. We further analyzed the contribution of different imaging methods to the excised tumors, which presented diverse characteristics and behaviors.

Diagnosis and treatment of mutinous cystadenoma of the pancreas / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of mutinous cystadenoma of the pancreas.Method The clinical data of 12 cases with pancreatic mutinous cystadenoma was confirmed by pathology from May 2000 to May 2009 was retrospectively analysed.Results The accuracy rates of ultrasound,CT and MRCP were 50.0%(5/10),66.7%(6/9)and 83.3%(5/6)respectively.Pancreaticoduodenectomy,duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection,distal pancreatic resection,distal pancreaticresection and splenectomy,segment pancreatic resection were performed according to the site of tumors.Completed resectable rate was 91.7%(11/12),palliative resection in 1 case,postoperative pancreatic leakage in 3 cases.2 cases cured;1 case died of intra-abdominal infection caused by pancake fistula 1 month later;1 case died of tumor recurrence and metastasis 25 months later.Conclusions Pancreatic cystic neoplasms is lack of specific clinical manifestations.Combined with application of imaging methods,can improve the diagnosis rate.Operation is the most effective therapy.The feasible procedures for mucinous cystadenoma of the pancmas should be choiced according to the site of tumors.

Xanthogranulomatous Pancreatitis Combined with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Carcinoma In Situ

Xanthogranulomatous lesion is a rare condition in which lipid-laden histiocytes are deposited at various locations in the body. Xanthogranulomatous pancreatitis (XGP) associated with an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) is extremely rare. In this study, we described a case of XGP associated with IPMT and include a review of the literature. A pancreatic cystic mass was detected in a 72-yr-old woman by abdominal computed tomography. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed and diagnosis of XGP combined with intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma in situ was made. After 13 months of follow-up, the patient is in good health without any evidence of tumor recurrence. Although XGP associated with IPMT is rare, we suggest that such cases should be brought to the attention of clinical investigators, as it may produce clinical features that mimic pancreatic cancer.

EUS-Guided Antitumor Therapy for Pancreatic Tumors

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a very useful modality for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic masses. With the advent of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration technology, this modality has made a tremendous leap from imaging modality to histologic diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. EUS offers high-resolution images of and unparalleled access to the pancreas. After locating the tip of the echoendoscope in the duodenum or stomach, several drugs or local treatment modalities can be delivered directly into the pancreas. EUS-guided ethanol lavage with/without paclitaxel injection has been tested for the treatment of cystic tumors of the pancreas, with complete resolution of cystic tumor being observed in up to 70-80% of patients. Ethanol injection is also performed for the management of solid neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Various type of EUS-guided injection have also been investigated for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. An activated allogenic mixed lymphocyte culture (Cytoimplant) was injected in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. A replication-deficient adenovirus vector carrying the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene was also delivered intratumorally by EUS. ONYX-015 is an oncolytic attenuated adenovirus that exhibits replication preferentially in malignant cells, causing cell death, and this has also been injected into pancreatic cancers under EUS guidance. EUS-guided local ablation therapies such as radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy, and brachytherapy are also under investigation. EUS-guided fine-needle injection for various solid or cystic lesions is a rapidly expanding field. This article reviews the various applications of EUS for the treatment of pancreatic tumors.

The usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cystic tumor / 대한내과학회지

Pancreatic cystic lesions are becoming more and more important because of the advancement of various kinds of imaging modalities. Endoscopic ultrasonography is recognized as an indispensible tool for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumors. High quality images enable us to identify the presence of septum, mural nodule, wall thickness and other internal details. Fine needle aspiration can give us more information about cystic fluid such as amylase, CEA, and cytology. For the treatment of benign pancreatic cystic tumors, endoscopic ultrasound guided ethanol lavage and/or paclitaxel injections are also tried and shows quite good therapeutic efficacy with minimum complications. The importance of endoscopic ultrasonography for the differential diagnosis and therapeutic decision making can not be overemphasized.

The experience of diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic cystic neoplasms / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic cystic neoplasms.Methods The clinical data of 10 cases with pancrestic cystic neoplasms treated from 2004 to 2008 was reviewed and both domestic and internal pertinent literatures were summarized.Results The pancreatic cystic neoplasms mostly happened in middle-aged women.The clinical manifestations showed no specificity.Ultrasonography, CT and MRI could offer important sign for diagnosis.The rate of surgical resection was high and the prognosis was satis-factory.Conclusions The pancreatic cystic neoplasms is being muh with the development of imagings.It is dif-ficuh to distinguish the feature of the cystic neoplasms before surgery, so surgerical resection should be done for all cystic tumors found.

Adenoma microquístico pancreático: reporte de caso / Pancreatic microcystic adenoma: case report

Se revisan las manifestaciones clínicas y diagnósticas del adenoma microquístico pancreático. Para ello, se aporta nuestra experiencia con un caso: paciente masculino, 54 años de edad, diabético tipo II controlado con sulfonilureas durante 4 años, hipertenso controlado con bloqueadores de los canales de calcio durante 2 años. La manifestación clínica más significativa fue dolor en epigastrio irradiado en hemicinturón, de tres días de evolución. Hemograma y bioquímica sanguínea dentro de límites normales; eco abdominal reporta presencia de tumor de 2cm en cabeza del páncreas, por lo que se solicita TAC a doble contraste, la que confirma la presencia de tumoración, con zonas de calcificación. Se realiza intervención quirúrgica para la excéresis y estudio histopatológico, luego de lo cual el paciente evoluciona favorablemente.

Clinical features and diagnostic criteria of the pancreatic microcyst adenoma are checked in this study. For that, we contribute with our experience through this case: male patient, 54 years old, type II diabetic controlled with sulfonylureas for 4 years, hypertensive controlled with calcium channels blockers for 2 years. The most significant clinical feature was epigastralgia with a one side girdling radiation, three days long. Hemogram and blood chemistry within normal limits; abdominal echography reports the presence of a 2cm tumor in the head of the pancreas, which is why a double contrast CAT was requested. This scan confirmed the presence of the tumor with calcification zones. Surgery was performed for exeresis and histopathological study. Afterwards, the patient makes satisfactory progress.

Comparison of in Vivo, in Vitro 3T MR Spectroscopy and Proton NMR Spectroscopy for the Fluid from Cystic Tumor: Preliminary Study

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine possibility of application of in vivo proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in distinguishing cystic mass arising around pancreas by comparison of in vivo MRS, in vitro MRS using 3T MR machine, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained spectra of in vivo MRS, in vitro MRS and NMR from abdominal mass arising around pancreas (mucinous cystic neoplasm=5, intraductal papillary mucin producing tumor=5, pseudocyst=1, and lymphangioma=1). We estimated existence of peak of in vivo MRS, and in vitro MRS concordant to that of NMR. We also evaluated differential peak for predicting specific disease. RESULTS: Correlation of presence of peak with NMR showed showed sensitivity of 29.6%, specificity of 82.6% and accuracy of 67.7% on in vivo MRS (p = 0.096, McNemar test), sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 92.6% and accuracy of 82.3% on in vitro MRS (p = 0.362, McNemar test). The spectra of NMR for IPMT showed more frequent peaks at 3.5-4.0 ppm (p=0.026). CONCLUSION: Although chemical analysis, using NMR could be regarded as possible tool to differentiate cystic masses, in vivo and in vitro MRS need further technical evolution for clinical application.

Diagnosis of Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm / 대한소화기학회지

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a unique disease entity that is characterized by predominant intraductal growth of mucinous cells, copious mucin production, and subsequent cystic dilatation of pancreatic ducts. IPMN shows a spectrum of histologic and imaging findings and possesses as the potential for malignant transformation arising from adenoma to invasive carcinoma. It is important to determine the type, extent of duct involvement, and presence of malignant transformation, and to assess tumor grading prior to surgical resection. Thus, it would be helpful for physicians managing patients with IPMN of the pancreas to have a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of IPMN. In this review, a role of radiological evaluation for diagnosis and preoperative assessment is described as well as presentation of the guideline for patient management.

Suprasternal Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Mistaken for a Simple Cystic Tumor

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is caused by the failure of the thyroglossal duct to be obliterated following descent of the thyroid during the 6th week of fetal life. TGDC can develop anywhere along the course of the thyroglossal duct remnant, from the base of the tongue to the suprasternal region. Four general locations are well-recognized: intralingual, suprahyoid, thyrohyoid and suprasternal. The typical location of a TGDC is in the midline of the anterior neck, and this is closely related to the hyoid bone. Atypical TGDC is important because of the high incidence of misdiagnosis, inadequate therapy and possible neoplastic change. We describe a recently encountered patient with a suprasternal mass that was ultimately diagnosed as a TGDC. There are only a few case reports of atypical anatomical locations, and particularly suprasternal TGDC. So, we present a case of suprasternal TGDC that was mistaken for a simple cystic tumor, along with a brief review of the related literature.