End posture analysis and motion planning based on UR3 manipulator puncture navigation / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To establish a motion planning method for avoiding singularities for manipulator-assisted puncture surgery navigation, and design the corresponding computer program.Methods:According to the actual operation and the need of clinicians, the puncture needle sleeve installed at the end of the UR3 robotic arm was designed, and the kinematics analysis and simulation verification of the robotic arm were performed. A calculation program for solving the movement pose when the puncture needle at the end of the robotic arm reaches the target position, and a motion planning program for avoiding singularities through small-angle rotation were programmed.Results:Six groups of joint angles were randomly selected, and the theoretical coordinates calculated by the program were compared with the actual coordinates. The result showed that the error between the theoretical value and the actual value was small, which proved the correctness of the kinematics model. In the verification experiment, 3 sets of initial poses at random were simulated, the best pose was obtained by the program. Then the pose was transmitted into the control system to control the movement of the robotic arm. The verification experiment results showed that the puncture needle can reach the target point, and the singularity can be effectively avoid by the small-angle rotation of the fixed central axis.Conclusions:The singular point avoidance method based on end posture rotation can effectively avoid the failure of initial target posture motion planning, and it has reference value for the application of manipulator in puncture surgery.

Anti-Ehrlichia properties of the dichloromethane fraction of Ageratum conyzoides associated with doxycycline: In vitro study / Propriedades anti-Ehrlichia da fração diclorometânica de Ageratum conyzoides associada com doxiciclina: estudo in vitro

ABSTRACT: The increasing number of cases of canine ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis in hospitals and veterinary clinics has demonstrated the need for a new drug protocol for this disease. Doxycycline is used to treat ehrlichiosis, but the resistance of the microorganism to this treatment protocol, as well as the various side effects to the animals, has become a concern. Several studies have shown a positive interaction with extracts of plants and drugs, which allow for the reduction of the concentration necessary to produce the desired effect, minimizing adverse effects. This study determined the efficiency of the combination of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction of Ageratum conyzoides L. with anti-Ehrlichia activity and doxycycline by using the checkerboard assay. Plant material was collected in São Luís, northeastern Brazil, followed by extraction in MeOH: H2O (8:2) and partitioning of the DCM fraction. After determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the fraction under study against DH82 cells infected with Ehrlichia canis, it was combined with doxycycline to derive the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (CIF Index). A reduction of 5.83 times the doxycycline minimum inhibitory concentration was observed, showing that this fraction of A. conyzoides composed predominantly by the class of lignans, identified by mass spectrometry notably intensified the activity of doxycycline against E. canis, resulting in a synergistic effect.

RESUMO: O crescente número de casos de erliquiose canina por Ehrlichia canis em hospitais e clínicas veterinárias tem demonstrado a necessidade de um novo protocolo de medicamentos para essa doença. A doxiciclina é usada para tratar a erliquiose, mas a resistência do microrganismo a esse protocolo de tratamento, bem como os diversos efeitos colaterais para os animais, tornou-se uma preocupação. Vários estudos têm demonstrado interação positiva com extratos de plantas e fármacos, que permitem a redução da concentração necessária para produzir o efeito desejado, minimizando os efeitos adversos. Este estudo determinou a eficiência da combinação da fração diclorometânica (DCM) de Ageratum conyzoides L. com atividade anti-Ehrlichia canis associada com doxiciclina por meio do ensaio de Checkerboard. O material vegetal foi coletado em São Luís, Maranhão, nordeste do Brasil, seguido pela extração em MeOH:H2O (8:2) e partição da fração diclorometânica. Após a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) da fração em estudo frente às células DH82 infectadas com Ehrlichia canis, a mesma foi combinada com a doxiciclina para derivação do Índice de Concentração Inibitória da Fração (Índice CIF). Observou-se uma redução de 5,83 vezes a concentração inibitória mínima da doxiciclina mostrando que esta fração de A. conyzoides, composta predominantemente por lignanas identificadas por espectrometria de massas, notavelmente intensificou a atividade desse fármaco contra E. canis, resultando em um efeito sinérgico.

To Assess the Knowledge of Dentists Regarding Dentinal Hypersensitivity in a Tertiary Dental Care Hospital in Bangalore City - A Cross Sectional Survey

Dental pain is most commonly associated with the carious destruction leading to inflammation of the pulp or can also be pain present post operatively; however, much of the dental pain can be attributed to dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). The prevalence of DH is high enough (72.5 % to 98 %) to warrant the development of effective treatment. Surveys among dental professionals worldwide suggest that many lack adequate knowledge about this condition and its management. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of postgraduates and faculty regarding dentinal hypersensitivity in a tertiary dental care hospital in Bangalore. METHODSA descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among the staff and post graduate students at Rajarajeswari Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore during October 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical committee. All the staff and post graduate students who were present on the day of study were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the study participants before the study and participation was entirely voluntary. RESULTSMajority of the participants routinely checked for the signs of DH (F - 77.2 % PG - 77 %) and considered DH as a serious problem (F - 87.5 % PG - 87 %). Participants also thought that DH has to be treated with an interdisciplinary approach (F - 75 % PG - 67.7 %). CONCLUSIONSThe study concludes that even though the knowledge and awareness of Dentinal Hypersensitivity was good, there existed uncertainty concerning diagnosis and management of the same.

Determination of Plasma Concentration of Harmine Derivative DH- 330 by UPLC-MS and Its Pharmacokinetics Ev aluation in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for the determination of harmine derivative DH-330 in rat plasma and to use it for pharmacokinetic behavior evaluation of DH-330 in rats after intragastric administration. METHODS： Using tinidazole as internal standard， after pre-treatment of acetonitrile precipitated protein， UPLC-MS method was adopted to determine the plasma concentration of DH-330. UPLC analysis was performed on Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column （50 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm） with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-0.5％ formic acid aqueous solution（15 ∶ 55 ∶ 30， V/V/V） at flow rate of 0.4 mL/min， while the column temperature was 30 ℃， and sample size was 5 μL. MS analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization source， positive ion scanning， ion source temperature at 124 ℃， DH-330 detection of mass to charge ratio （m/z） of 335.8→334.8， and internal standard m/z of 247.0→81.0. Six Wistar rats were given DH-330 suspension（50 mg/kg） intragastrically. Blood samples were collected from fundus venous plexus capillary before administration （0 h） and 0.25，0.5，1，2，4，6，8，12，24 h after administration. Plasma concentration of DH-330 was determined and plasma concentration-time curves were drawn. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using Kinetica 5.0 software. RESULTS： The linear ranges of DH-330 were 25.05-2 004 ng/mL（r＝0.999 8），and the limits of quantitation was 25.05 ng/mL. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were all less than 10％. The accuracy RE was －9.76％ to 4.55％. The extraction recovery was higher than 85％（RSD＜5％）. Stability RE was －2.53％ to 2.29％. They were not affected by matrix effect or residual effect of injection. The pharmacokinetic parameters of DH-330 in rats after intragastric administration included that cmax was （1 162.43±241.72）ng/mL，AUC0-∞ was （3 242.93±652.31）ng·h/mL，t1/2 was （1.93±0.61）h， MRT was （3.23±0.30）h，CL was （16.80±5.30）L/h·kg， Vss was （54.78±19.64）L/kg. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is simple， specific， sensitive， precise and recovery， which can be used for the plasma concentration determination of DH-330 in rats. DH-330 has short half-life， rapid absorption and large apparent distribution volume after intragastric administration in rats， which indicates that it has high lipophilicity and may be mainly distributed in tissues.

Ketogenic diet antiepileptic mechanism and the application of children / 中国医师杂志

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a similar diet fasting state that is high in fat and low carbohydrate.KD is used in the treatment of refractory epilepsy,but the mechanism is not completely clear.According to the current research progress,the mechanism of KD is antiepilepsy.This paper reviewed the progress of the application of KD in the elucidation of several metabolic diseases and epilepsy syndrome caused by epilepsy.With the further development of the antiepilepsy mechanism of KD in the future,it will not only guide the application of more diseases,but also provide a scientific theoretical basis for the discovery of new antiepileptic drugs.

Template based synthesis of gold nanotubes using biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles.

Reliable experimental protocols using green technologies to synthesize metallic nanostructures widen their applications, both biological as well as biomedical. Here, we describe a method for synthesizing gold nanotubes using biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles in a template based approach. E. coli DH5α was used as bionanofactory to synthesize gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were then deposited on sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) nanowires which were employed as sacrificial template for gold nanotube (Au-NT) formation. The gold nanoparticles, sodium sulphate nanowires and gold nanotubes were appropriately characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The TEM results showed that the average diameter of gold nanotubes was 72 nm and length up to 4-7 µm. The method discussed herein is better than other reported conventional chemical synthesis approaches as it uses biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles, and does not employ any harsh conditions/solvents for template removal which makes it a clean and ecofriendly method.

Gene cloning, expression, and characterization of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PS35 lipase

Abstract Lipases are enzymes of immense industrial relevance, and, therefore, are being intensely investigated. In an attempt to characterize lipases at molecular level from novel sources, a lipase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PS35 was cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α cells and sequenced. It showed up to 98% homology with other lipase sequences in the NCBI database. The recombinant enzyme was then purified from E. coli culture, resulting in a 19.41-fold purification with 9.7% yield. It displayed a preference for long-chain para-nitrophenyl esters, a characteristic that is typical of true lipases. Its optimum pH and temperature were determined to be 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The half-lives were 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 h at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C, respectively. The metal ions K+ and Fe3+ enhanced the enzyme activity. The enzyme displayed substantial residual activity in the presence of various tested chemical modifiers, and interestingly, the organic solvents, such as n-hexane and toluene, also favored the enzyme activity. Thus, this study involves characterization of B. amyloliquefaciens lipase at molecular level. The key outcomes are novelty of the bacterial source and purification of the enzyme with desirable properties for industrial applications.

GPo1 alkB gene expression for improvement of the degradation of diesel oil by a bacterial consortium

To facilitate the biodegradation of diesel oil, an oil biodegradation bacterial consortium was constructed. The alkane hydroxylase (alkB) gene of Pseudomonas putida GPo1 was constructed in a pCom8 expression vector, and the pCom8-GPo1 alkB plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α. The AlkB protein was expressed by diesel oil induction and detected through SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The culture of the recombinant (pCom8-GPo1 alkB/E. coli DH5α) with the oil biodegradation bacterial consortium increased the degradation ratio of diesel oil at 24 h from 31% to 50%, and the facilitation rates were increased as the proportion of pCom8-GPo1 alkB/E. coli DH5α to the consortium increased. The results suggested that the expression of the GPo1 gene in E. coli DH5α could enhance the function of diesel oil degradation by the bacterial consortium.

Pleiotropic effects of the sdw1 locus in barley populations representing different rounds of recombination

Background In the present study populations, representing different rounds of recombination were used for the analysis of phenotypic effects associated with the sdw1/denso locus. Other studies have mostly focused only on one type of population. Many different QTLs mapped at the same position as the sdw1/denso locus may indicate a pleiotropy of this gene or a tight linkage between genes conditioning quantitative traits. To date, results of studies have not unequivocally proven either of these two phenomena. Results Both breeding and molecular mapping experiments were undertaken to examine 200 single seed descent (SSD) and 60 doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from the Maresi (with a semi-dwarfing gene) and Pomo cross combination. They were evaluated for the type of juvenile growth habit and certain agronomic traits were measured after harvesting. The estimates of mean values, standard errors and significance of effects were analyzed. In terms of the analyzed characteristics, the greatest variability was obtained for genotypes with the prostrate growth habit. Microsatellite markers (SSR) were also used to identify co-segregation with the sdw1/denso locus and Bmag0013, Bmag0877, Bmag0306b markers were linked the closest. A partial linkage map of chromosome 3H with the sdw1/denso semi-dwarfing gene was constructed and QTLs were identified. Conclusions Our experiments confirmed the impact of the semi-dwarfing gene on plant height, heading and flowering date both in SSD and DH populations, which may indicate pleiotropy. Moreover, a partial linkage between sdw1/denso locus and grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight was found in the SSD population.

Segregation distortion in homozygous lines obtained via anther culture and maize doubled haploid methods in comparison to single seed descent in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. )

Background The quality of wheat grain depends on several characteristics, among which the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits, encoded by Glu-1 loci, are the most important. Application of biotechnological tools to accelerate the attainment of homozygous lines may influence the proportion of segregated genotypes. The objective was to determine, whether the selection pressure generated by the methods based on in vitro cultures, may cause a loss of genotypes with desirable Glu-1 alleles. Results Homozygous lines were derived from six winter wheat crosses by pollination with maize (DH-MP), anther culture (DH-AC) and single seed descent (SSD) technique. Androgenetically-derived plants that originated from the same callus were examined before chromosome doubling using allele-specific and microsatellite markers. It was found that segregation distortion in SSD and DH-MP populations occurred only in one case, whereas in anther-derived lines they were observed in five out of six analyzed combinations. Conclusions Segregation distortion in DH-AC populations was caused by the development of more than one plant of the same genotype from one callus. This distortion was minimized if only one plant per callus was included in the population. Selection of haploid wheat plants before chromosome doubling based on allele-specific markers allows us to choose genotypes that possess desirable Glu-1 alleles and to reduce the number of plants in the next steps of DH production. The SSD technique appeared to be the most advantageous in terms of Mendelian segregation, thus the occurrence of residual heterozygosity can be minimized by continuous selfing beyond the F6 generation.

Isolation and characterization of a novel bacterial strain Shewanella marinisediminis sp. nov. from deep-sea sediments.

A new bacterial strain designated DH39T was isolated from marine sediment collected from the East Sea, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain DH39T clustered with the genus Shewanella and is closely related to Shewanella canadensis HAW-EB2T, S. woodyi MS32T, and S. sediminis HAW-EB3Twith 98.1, 97.8, and 97.6% sequence similarities, respectively. The isolated bacterium was Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and aerobic. Its temperature range for growth was 4–30°C. The predominant fatty acids were 16:1w7, 17:1w8, 13:0-i, 16:0, and 15:0-i. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis showed that DNA-DNA relatedness values in the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of strain DH39T and its nearest neighbors S. hanedai and S. sediminis were 52.9 and 58.7%. Phylogenetic evidence and phenotypic characteristics suggest strain DH39T constitutes a novel Shewanella species. Therefore, we propose Shewanella marinisediminis sp. nov., with DH39T (KCCM 42936T = NCCB 100311T) as the type strain.

Conservation tillage, optimal water and organic nutrient supply enhance soil microbial activities during wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) cultivation

The field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soil at New Delhi, during 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effect of conservation tillage, irrigation regimes (sub-optimal, optimal and supra-optimal water regimes), and integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on soil biological parameters in wheat cultivation. The conservation tillage soils has shown significant (p<0.05) increase in soil respiration (81.1 percent), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) (104 percent) and soil dehydrogenase (DH) (59.2 percent) compared to the conventional tillage soil. Optimum water supply (3-irrigations) enhanced soil respiration over sub-optimum and supra-optimum irrigations by 13.32 percent and 79 percent respectively. Soil dehydrogenase (DH) activity in optimum water regime has also increased by 23.33 percent and 8.18 percent respectively over the other two irrigation regimes. Similarly, SMBC has also increased by 12.14 percent and 27.17 percent respectively in soil with optimum water supply compared to that of sub-optimum and supra-optimum water regime fields. The maximum increase in soil microbial activities is found when sole organic source (50 percent Farm Yard Manure+25 percent biofertilizer+25 percent Green Manure) has been used in combination with the conservation tillage and the optimum water supply. Study demonstrated that microbial activity could be regulated by tillage, water and nitrogen management in the soil in a sustainable manner.

Riesgo de déficit atencional/hiperactividad en escolares Aymara, Rapa-Nui y de Santiago de Chile: Posible contribución de polimorfismos genéticos del sistema dopaminérgico / Risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Aymara and Rapa-Nui school children: Association with dopaminergic system polymorphisms

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurobiological disorder of childhood onset, characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness or inattentiveness. Aim: To search for differences in risk for ADHD and its components among Chilean native and mixed populations and to look forpossible associations with dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) polymorphisms. Material and Methods: School teachers were requested to complete the Conners test, which uses DSM-IV criteria, to screen for ADHD risk among Aymara and Rapa-Nui students. Results: Rapa-Nui children from Easter Island had the highest risk of hyperactivity/impulsiveness. Aymara children from the Arica-Parinacota Region had lower scores. Although inattentiveness scores had lower differences between groups, overall ADHD score differences among studied populations were highly significant. DRD4 and DAT1 alleles had a heterogeneous distribution. Easter islanders had more divergent frequencies, mostprobably as a result of separate migration routes utilized at different timeperiods during the colonization of America and Polynesia. Conclusions: The comparison of ADHD risk parameters between Rapa-Nui and Aymara children showed marked differences. Allele distri-bution of dopamine polymorphisms in Easter Island was also significantly different from northern Chile, due probably to different colonization histories. These findings suggest that higher ADHD risk scores in Easter Island children may be linked to the presence of different DRD4 alleles.

Enhancing DNA electrotransformation efficiency in escherichia coli DH10B electrocompetent cells

Electrotransformation also known as electroporation is the most reliable and efficient tool for plasmid DNA uptake. Electrotransformation efficiency is function of many factors which include (1) number of cell washes prior to electroporation, (2) electroporation cell number, (3) electroporation DNA amount, and (4) cell growth phase. Those factors have limitedly been concomitantly investigated in E. coli DH10B strain. This study is aimed to explore above key factors to define the optimal conditions for high electrotransformation efficiency. The results showed that electrotransformation efficiency of E. coli DH10B was enhanced to 1.5 x 10(9) cfu/ug by washing cells three times with 15 ml of 10 percent glycerol. This washed off extra salts from cell suspension and enhanced electrotransformation by preventing arcing and enhancing cell resistance while ensuring minimal level of conductivity. Early exponential phase at 0.15 OD600 was the best growth phase for enhancing electrotransformation of E. coli DH10B. The results also showed that higher electrotransformation efficiency was similarly achieved when 0.5 x 10(10) and 0.6 x 10(10) cell numbers were electroporated with DNA amount ranging from 10 to 40 pg. This study confirmed the optimal conditions for electro competent cell preparation and plasmid DNA electrotransformation, which can result highest transformation efficiency.

Canine parvovirus gene grow in E.Coli using molasses medium which can be use as a vaccine.

The Canine parvovirus gene is inserted in E.coli (DH5α) strain. Grow the recombinant E. coli for the plasmid DNA using molasses medium to make the vaccine. During the initial studies I have found that the molasses can manipulate the C/N ratio as per requirement of cell. Molasses is one of the best alternatives as it is cheap and can be easily manipulated. During the experiment the O.D of culture and O.D of plasmid DNA was observed in respective of different optimization method. I observed that the O.D value has increase to i.e. 2.129, as it was earlier i.e. 0.393. The quality and quantity of the plasmid DNA was very good. It is possible to produce vaccine by molasses medium. The paper is opening a new face of study.

Inhibition of Urine 11-dH-TXB2 by Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate-Heavy Magnesium Carbonate-Aspirin: A Long-term Result / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To evaluate the inhibition of urine 11-dH-TXB2 by dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-heavy magnesium carbonate-aspirin in Chinese cardiovascular patients after long-term therapy. Methods103 cardiovascular patients were treated with oral doses of dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-heavy magnesium carbonate-aspirin tablets (162 mg aspirin) daily for 24 weeks. The Urine 11-dH-TXB2 concentration were measured before and 6, 12, 24 weeks after administration. ResultsThe urine 11-dH-TXB2 concentration were （1840.41±1452.63） pg/ml, （820.01±610.55） pg/ml, （1011.19±1148.12） pg/ml, （1290.82±1425.51） pg/ml before and 6, 12, 24 weeks after administration. The urine 11-dh-TXB2 concentration was higher in 24th week than in 12th weeks and 6th week. ConclusionThe dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-heavy magnesium carbonate-aspirin can inhibit the platelet aggregation, which decreased after long-term administration.

Inhibition of Urine 11-dH-TXB2 by Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate-Heavy Magnesium Carbonate-Aspirin: A Long-term Result / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To evaluate the inhibition of urine 11-dH-TXB2 by dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-heavy magnesium carbonate-aspirin in Chinese cardiovascular patients after long-term therapy. Methods103 cardiovascular patients were treated with oral doses of dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-heavy magnesium carbonate-aspirin tablets (162 mg aspirin) daily for 24 weeks. The Urine 11-dH-TXB2 concentration were measured before and 6, 12, 24 weeks after administration. ResultsThe urine 11-dH-TXB2 concentration were （1840.41±1452.63） pg/ml, （820.01±610.55） pg/ml, （1011.19±1148.12） pg/ml, （1290.82±1425.51） pg/ml before and 6, 12, 24 weeks after administration. The urine 11-dh-TXB2 concentration was higher in 24th week than in 12th weeks and 6th week. ConclusionThe dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-heavy magnesium carbonate-aspirin can inhibit the platelet aggregation, which decreased after long-term administration.

Como o coloproctologista brasileiro vê a doença hemorroidária: análise de dados colhidos de questionário dirigido aos especialistas filiados à sociedade brasileira de coloproctologia / How Brazilian coloproctologists see hemorrhoidal diseases: analysis of data collected from a questionnaire answered by specialists members of the Brazilian society od coloproctology

A análise das 52 respostas dadas pelos 77 especialistas ao questionário permite as seguintes conclusões: EPIDEMIOLOGIA: A média temporária de exercício profissional foi 18,6 anos; os 77 especialistas atenderam ± 1.097.860 pacientes, tendo diagnosticado DH em ± 393.763 (35,86 por cento), tendo operado ± 102.400 pacientes (± 26 por cento). A média aproximada de incidência de DH por gênero foi de 42 por cento em homens e 58 por cento em mulheres, e de hemorroidectomia de 43 por cento em homens e 57 por cento em mulheres, sendo as incidências de DH por faixas etárias: até 20 anos, 7 por cento; de 21 a 40 anos, 40 por cento; de 41 a 60 anos, 40 por cento; e acima de 60 anos,13 por cento. TRATAMENTO CLÍNICO E NÃO INTERVENCIONISTA: o tratamento clínico foi dispensado a ± 291.363, e ± 81,5 por cento foram tratados com cuidados higiêno-dietéticos, pomadas e cremes. O tratamento intervencionista não cirúrgico de escolha foi a LE (94,0 por cento dos especialistas), mais indicada em DH interna grau II (85,2 por cento), com preferência de abordagem de um mamilo por sessão (74,1 por cento), e preferência pela não realização de plicomectomia (67,1 por cento), sendo os graus de satisfação ótimos e bons de 91 por cento. A LE foi feita em ± 48.273 pacientes (12,50 por cento), tendo a maioria (42 médicos; 53,95 por cento) negado complicações, destacando-se, dentre os que admitiram complicações, 69 casos de hemorragia que levaram à revisão (0,142 por cento de 48.273 LE). HEMORROIDECTOMIA: a média anual foi de ± 80,34 cirurgias, totalizando 102.400, sendo a principal indicação cirúrgica a intensidade de sintomas independentemente do grau da DH (64,47 por cento), com preferência pela técnica aberta de Milligan-Morgan (65,79 por cento) seguida pela fechada de Ferguson (21,05 por cento). A preferência anestésica absoluta foi pelos bloqueios raqueano (52,63 por cento) e peridural (26,32 por cento), os posicionamentos preferidos foram em canivete (44,73 por cento)...

Analysis of a questionnaire with 52 questions about hemorrhoidal disease (HD) answered by 77 Brazilian specialists allowed the following conclusions: EPIDEMIOLOGY: The meantime of medical practice was 18.6 years; the 77 specialists attended ± 1,097.860 patients, HD being diagnosed in ± 393,763 (35.86 percent), and ± 102,400 patients (± 26 percent) undergoing surgical treatment. The approximate incidence by gender of HD was 42 percent in men and 58 percent in women, and the incidence of surgery 43 percent in males and 57 percent in females. The incidences of HD according to age were: 7 percent under 20 years, 40 percent between 21 and40 years, 40 percent between 41 and 60 years and 13 percent above 60 years of age. CLINICAL AND NON SURGICAL TREATMENT: clinical approach for HD was carried out in ± 291.363 patients. The non surgical treatment of choice was rubber band ligation (94,0 percent of the specialists), mainly for second grade internal hemorrhoids (85.2 percent), being the most common procedure the approach of a single ligation by each session (74.1 percent), without plicomectomy (67.1 percent). Satisfaction grade reached 91.0 percent (good and optimal). Rubber band ligation was used in ± 48,273 patients (12.50 percent), no complication being reported by most of the specialists (42 specialists, 53.95 percent), being hemorrhage the most common complication (69 cases, 0.142 percent of 48,273 ligations). HEMORRHOIDECTOMY: 102,400 hemorrhoidectomies were performed by the 77 specialists, being the intensity of anal symptoms the main indication for surgery despite of the grade of the HD (64.47 percent). Open hemorrhoidectomy (Milligan-Morgan) was the most used technique (65.79 percent) followed by closed hemorrhoidectomy (Ferguson) (21.05 percent). The most used anesthesia were spinal blocks, being 52.63 percent of raquianesthesia and 26.32 percent of peridural anesthesia. Knife position was the number one in preference (44.73 percent)...

Construction and Identify of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of RNAi hTRET / 医学研究杂志

Objective To construct and identify the Eukaryotic expression vector of RNAi hTRET. Methods The hRERT interference sequence was synthesized by artificial way and was directed cloning to the Eukaryotic expression vector pSilencer 3.1 H1 neo,and was identified by pcr,enzyme cutting,sequencing,determining its concentration and purity. Results We construct the Eukaryotic expression vector of RNAi hTRET successfully. Conclusion Construction of Eukaryotic expression vector of RNAi hTRET established foundation for biological effectiveness of telomere and telomerase in cancer cells.