A comparative physicochemical and pharmacological evaluation of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone sodium phosphate mucoadhesive gels for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis in rats

Abstract The present study is aimed to formulate steroidal oral mucoadhesive gels of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone sodium phosphate. Six gel formulations each of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone sodium phosphate prepared using two different polymers carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, in variable proportions. All the formulations subjected for assessment of various physicochemical parameters and mechanical properties. The formulations BSP5 and DSP5, both containing 1.25 % carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, 1.25 % hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, exhibiting mucoadhesive strength of 12.300 ± 0.004 and 12.600 ± 0.01, adhesiveness of 28.04 ± 00 and 30.02 ± 00, cohesiveness of 28.04 ± 00 and 30.02 ± 00, drug release of 86.869 ± 0.380 % and 88.473 ± 0.457 % respectively were considered as promising ones and were further subjected for stability studies and in vivo study in male albino rats. Formulation DSP5 upon oral application for 4 months in arecoline induced oral submucous fibrosis rats, showed more than 80 % reduction in fibrosis as compared with BSP5 which showed nearly 50 % reduction. These results were concluded on the basis of histopathological profile and weight gain among the experimental animals during in vivo study. Hence, DSP5 by minimizing the painful injuries and morbidities justifies being suitable noninvasive model for OSMF treatment.

Chromosomal aberrations detection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by conventional cytogenetics using DSP30 and IL-2 / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To study the value of unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide oligodeoxynucleotide (DSP30) and IL-2 in the conventional cytogenetic (CA) detection of the chromosomal aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) . Methods: Bone marrow or peripheral blood cells of CLL patients were cultured with DSP30 plus IL-2 for 72 h, following which R-banding analysis was conducted. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in 85 patients. CA results were compared with data obtained by FISH. Results: Among 89 CLL patients, the success rate of chromosome analysis was 94.38% (84/89) . Clonal aberrations were detected in 51 patients (51/84, 60.71%) . Of them, 27 (27/51, 52.94%) were complex karyotype. Among 85 CLL patients tested by FISH, chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 74 (74/85, 87.06%) patients, of which 2 (2/74) patients were complex karyotypes, accounting for 2.70%. Of the 85 CLL patients examined by FISH, 50 had abnormal karyotype analysis, 30 had normal karyotype, 5 failed to have chromosome analysis. Among them, 25 cases showed clonal aberrations by FISH assay but normal by CA, and 4 cases were normal by FISH but displayed aberrations in chromosome analysis, and totally 78 (91.76%) cases with abnormality detected by the combination of the two methods. The frequency of 13q- abnormality detected by FISH was significantly higher than that by CA analysis (69.41%vs 16.67%, P<0.001) , while the frequency of 11q-,+12 and 17p- detected by two methods showed no significant difference (P>0.05) . The detection rate of complex abnormalities in conventional karyotype analysis was higher than that in FISH (50.98%vs 2.70%) . In addition, 11 low-risk and 9 intermediate-risk patients according to FISH results showed complex karyotype by cytogenetics, and were classified into high-risk cytogenetic subgroup. Conclusion: DSP30 and IL-2 are effective in improving the detection rate of CA in CLL patients (60.71%) and CA is more effective to detect complex karyotype. However, FISH had a higher overall abnormality detection rate (87.06%) than CA, especially for 13q-. The combination of CA and FISH not only enhanced the detection rate of clonal aberrations to 91.76%, but also provided more precise prognosis stratification for CLL patients, thus to provide more information for clinical implication.

Chromosomal aberrations detection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by conventional cytogenetics using DSP30 and IL-2 / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To study the value of unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide oligodeoxynucleotide (DSP30) and IL-2 in the conventional cytogenetic (CA) detection of the chromosomal aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) .@*Methods@#Bone marrow or peripheral blood cells of CLL patients were cultured with DSP30 plus IL-2 for 72 h, following which R-banding analysis was conducted. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in 85 patients. CA results were compared with data obtained by FISH.@*Results@#Among 89 CLL patients, the success rate of chromosome analysis was 94.38% (84/89) . Clonal aberrations were detected in 51 patients (51/84, 60.71%) . Of them, 27 (27/51, 52.94%) were complex karyotype. Among 85 CLL patients tested by FISH, chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 74 (74/85, 87.06%) patients, of which 2 (2/74) patients were complex karyotypes, accounting for 2.70%. Of the 85 CLL patients examined by FISH, 50 had abnormal karyotype analysis, 30 had normal karyotype, 5 failed to have chromosome analysis. Among them, 25 cases showed clonal aberrations by FISH assay but normal by CA, and 4 cases were normal by FISH but displayed aberrations in chromosome analysis, and totally 78 (91.76%) cases with abnormality detected by the combination of the two methods. The frequency of 13q- abnormality detected by FISH was significantly higher than that by CA analysis (69.41%vs 16.67%, P<0.001) , while the frequency of 11q-,+12 and 17p- detected by two methods showed no significant difference (P>0.05) . The detection rate of complex abnormalities in conventional karyotype analysis was higher than that in FISH (50.98%vs 2.70%) . In addition, 11 low-risk and 9 intermediate-risk patients according to FISH results showed complex karyotype by cytogenetics, and were classified into high-risk cytogenetic subgroup.@*Conclusion@#DSP30 and IL-2 are effective in improving the detection rate of CA in CLL patients (60.71%) and CA is more effective to detect complex karyotype. However, FISH had a higher overall abnormality detection rate (87.06%) than CA, especially for 13q-. The combination of CA and FISH not only enhanced the detection rate of clonal aberrations to 91.76%, but also provided more precise prognosis stratification for CLL patients, thus to provide more information for clinical implication.

Effect of exogenous small RNA transfection on the growth of renal clear cell carcinoma cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous small RNA (dsP21-397) transfection on growth of human renal clear cell carcinoma cell lines A-498 and Caki-1. Methods The dsControl(control group) and dsP21-397(experimental group)were transfected into A-498 and Caki-1,respectively. The expression of p21 mRNA was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression of p21 protein,CDK4 and Cyclin D1 proteins were detected by Western blot. The cell cycle distribution was examined by flow cytometry(FCM). MTS assay and colony formation assay were used to analyze cell viability and proliferation ability. Results Compared with dsControl,p21 mRNA levels in A-498 and Caki-1 cells increased to 2.55-fold(P<0.01)and 2.18-fold(P<0.01),respectively,after transfection with dsP21-397. The expression of p21 protein was up-regulated while the expression of CDK4 and CyclinD1 were down-regulated. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase significantly increased after transfection of dsP21-397,and the proportion of cells in S phase and G2/M phase significantly decreased. The activity of A-498 and Caki-1 cells significantly decreased and the number of colonies in the dsP21-397 group was significantly lower. Conclusions dsP21-397 can significantly activate p21 protein expression,down-regulate the cell cycle-associated proteins,and inhibit the growth of renal clear cell carcinoma cells.

Effect of exogenous dsRNA on expression of p21 in renal clear cell carcinoma cells / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of dsP21-555 transfection on the expression of tumor suppressor gene p21 in renal clear cell carcinoma cell lines ACHN and 786-O.Methods Renal clear cell carcinoma cells were transfected with dsControl and dsP21-555 with Lipofectamine 3000 respectively.Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of p21 mRNA and protein.Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Cell viability and proliferation were analyzed by cell viability assay (MTS method) and colony culture assay.Results In ACHN and 786-O cells, the expressions of p21 mRNA in dsP21-555 group (2.86±0.33, 1.96±0.35) were significantly higher than those in dsControl group (1.05±0.34, 1.01±0.14), which were increased to 2.72 times (t=7.640, P<0.001) and 1.95 times (t=5.058, P=0.002).Western blotting showed that the expressions of P21 protein were up-regulated in both renal cell lines, which was consistent with p21 mRNA up-regulation.The result of FCM showed that the cell cycle was blocked in G0-G1 phase (57.08%±5.66% vs.46.06%±4.60%, t=3.023, P=0.023;61.58%±6.23% vs.42.25%±6.08%, t=4.444, P=0.004) after transfection of dsP21-555 in renal clear cell carcinoma cells.MTS result showed that the vitality of both cell lines after transfection of dsP21-555 decreased compared with dsControl group, their absorbance values were 0.85±0.20 vs.1.27±0.13, t=3.410, P=0.014;1.04±0.25 vs.1.55±0.10, t=3.758, P=0.009.Colony culture experiments showed that the numbers of colonies formed by ACHN and 786-O in the dsControl group were 110.91±26.21 and 129.99±22.87 respectively, and the numbers of colonies formed in the dsP21-555 group were 59.37±14.23 (t=3.456, P=0.014) and 71.26±21.38 (t=3.745, P=0.010), indicating that the proliferation of cells in the dsP21-555 group was significantly reduced.Conclusion dsP21-555 can up-regulate the expression of p21 gene in renal clear cell carcinoma cells and inhibit the growth of carcinoma cells, suggesting that dsP21-555 may become a new gene therapy tool.

Significance of age related changes in lumbosacral pedicle of adolescent / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To study the pedicle of lumbosacral developmental patterns and aging characteristics by means of studying the ado-lescents aging from 12~18 years old,and provide the basis for image and three-dimensional analysis of the treatment of spinal diseases. Meth-ods Select the 30 normal spines of adolescents without any the problems of nervous system,who did thin spiral CT scan of lumbosacral verte-brae. The original data in the form of DICOM were put into three-dimensional software to do the relevant measurement and analyzed according to gender and age. Results There were no significant differences between the pedicle of lumbosacral E/F angle and DSP /DNP and these differ-ences were not influenced by age and gender(P>0. 05). The physical development of human increases gradually with age and has some signifi-cant differences. Conclusion A regular change process and operation in the region value in patients with lumbarsacrum is displayed. But it must be combined with the results of individual imagine and the technology of reverse engineering and the support of rapid prototype manufactur-ing. Only in this way can it meet the satisfaction of individualized treatment.

Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Hydroxide on Reparative Dentin Formation in Rats

We investigated the pulpal response to direct pulp capping in rat molar teeth using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (CH). A palatal cavity was prepared in rat maxillary molar teeth. Either MTA or CH was placed on the exposed pulp and all cavities were restored with composite. Rats were sacrificed for histological evaluation after 12 hours and at 2, 7, 14 and 21 days. In both the MTA and CH groups, reparative dentin formation was clearly observed on histology after 14 days. The MTA-capped pulps were found to be mostly free from inflammation, and hard tissue of a tubular consistent barrier was observed. In contrast, in CH-capped teeth, excessive formation of reparative dentin toward residual pulp was evident. The pulpal cell response beneath the reparative dentin layer was examined by immunofluorescence using antibodies against DSP. After 2 days, a few DSP immunopositive cells, most of which showed a cuboidal shape, appeared beneath the predentin layer. At 7 days, DSP-immunopositive cells with columnar odontoblast-like cells were seen beneath the newly formed hard tissues. At 14 and 21 days, DSP was more abundant in the vicinity of the odontoblastic process along the dentinal tubules than in the mineralized reparative dentin. The CH group showed strong expression patterns in terms of DSP immunoreactivity. Our results thus indicate that MTA may be a more effective pulp capping material as it induces the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells and the formation of reparative dentin without the loss of residual pulp functions.

Detecção de ácido ocadaico em cultivo de mexilhões Perna perna, Angra dos Reis, RJ / Okadaic acid detection in mussel cultivation Perna perna, Angra dos Reis, RJ

A ficotoxina ácido ocadaico (AO) é produzida por um grupo de microalgas conhecidas como dinoflagelados. Os mexilhões, ao se alimentarem dessas microalgas, acumulam a toxina em sua glândula digestiva, desencadeando a Síndrome ou Envenenamento Diarreico por Moluscos (EDM) no ser humano. Os sintomas se apresentam em torno de 30 minutos após o consumo do molusco contaminado, variando entre náuseas, dores abdominais, vômitos e diarreia. Quando a ingestão da toxina acontece em quantidades inferiores a 48µg g-1, os sintomas não se desenvolvem, porém seu consumo continuado favorece o surgimento de tumores no trato gastrointestinal em razão do poder carcinogênico do AO. Este estudo pretendeu detectar e quantificar a toxina diarreica AO em mexilhões Perna perna coletados entre os meses de maio e outubro de 2006. A detecção do AO nos mexilhões foi realizada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com Detecção Fluorimétrica (CLAE-DF). Os resultados cromatográficos indicaram a presença da toxina AO em baixas concentrações, em todas as amostras de mexilhões obtidas de maio a outubro de 2006. Os resultados indicam a necessidade da elaboração e aplicação efetiva de um programa de controle higiênico-sanitário dos moluscos, assim como o monitoramento do ambiente aquático, objetivando, acima de tudo, a segurança da saúde pública.

Okadaic acid (OA) is a phycotoxin produced by a group of microalgae known as Dino-flagellates. When mussels feed themselves from this micro seaweed the toxin accumulates in their hepatopancreas, triggering the Syndrome or Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) in the human being. The symptoms appear around 30 minutes after the consumption of contaminated mussels and include abdominal nauseas, pains, vomits and diarrhea. When the toxin ingestion happens in amounts lower than 48µg g-1, the above described symptoms do not develop. However, the continued consumption favors the emergence of tumors in the gastrointestinal tract because of the high carcinogenic power of OA. This study aimed to detect and quantify the diarrheic toxin OA in Perna perna mussels collected between May and October 2006. The detection of OA in the mussels was carried out through High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorimetric Detection (HPLC-FD). The chromatographic results indicate the presence of OA toxin in low concentrations in all the mussel samples gathered from May until October 2006. The results suggest the necessity of elaboration and effective application of a hygienic-sanitary mussel control program as well as environment monitoring, with the main aim of enhancing public health safety.

Effect of short exposure to high concentrations of fluoride on the expression of DSP in odontoblasts of mice molars / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the effect of short exposure to high levels of fluoride on cellular structure and the DSP expression of odontoblasts of mice molars. Methods: 32 4-day-old ICR mice were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental animals were received a single intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg(n =8) andlO(n=8) mg NaF/kg( body weight) respectively. Equal doses of NaCl were given to the controls (n = 8 for each group). The injected volume was kept constant (10 μ/g). After 24 hours all mice were sacrificed. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the structural changes and the expression of DSP in odontoblasts of mouse molar at different stages. SPSS 13.0 software package was used to analyze the results. Results: The secretory odontoblasts distorted and lost its normal column contour. The immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the expression of DSP was more intense than that in control group. Results of statistics analysis showed there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.01). No remarkable differences were found in mature odontoblasts. Conclusion: Short exposure to high concentration of fluoride can enhance the expression of DSP in the secretory odontoblasts,and inhibit differentiation of the odontoblasts and matrix secretion. This lead to the abnormal development of dentinogenesis.

A quadrature demodulation method based on DSP Builder and the circuit design used in EIT / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To design and develop a quadrature demodulation circuit for detection of ampli-tude and phase information in EIT measurement. Methods A model structure file was built in matlab/simulink using the elements in Ahera DSP Builder and verified by simulated stimulation. Then the model file was convert-ed to VHDL file via Signal Compiler, and the synthesis, adaptation, simulation and hardware implementation were accomplished. Results The simulation and testing results show that the circuit can extract the real and imagi-nary information of the measured signal and it also meets the EIT measuring requirement, with acceptable mea-sure error. Conclusion The demodulation circuit based on DSP Builder can precisely give real and imaginary information of EIT and provides technological support for full-information complex impedance measurement.

Histological Study of Reparative Dentin Formation after Direct Pulp Capping and Pulpotomy using MTA / 대한해부학회지

The ultimate goal of a regenerative pulp treatment strategy is to reconstitute normal tissue continuum at the pulp-dentin border, regulating tissue-specific processes of reparative dentinogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of reparative dentinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulpal response after direct pulp capping and pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by histological and immunohistochemical studies. There was continuous reparative dentin bridge formation at 2 weeks after treatment with MTA in both the pulp capping and the pulpotomy groups. The cells in the pulp capping group showed typical odontoblast characteristics, while the cells of reparative dentin in pulpotomy group were round in shape, lost their polarity, organized as a sheet of cells, and trapped in osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. In pulp capping group, upper layer of the reparative dentin showed cell lacunae indicating osteoblastic characteristics, whereas lower layer of the reparative dentin contained predentin and dentinal tubule-like structures as normal dentin. However, there was osteodentin formation in pulpotomy group. DSP protein was expressed at 4 weeks in odontoblasts of pulp capping group, while BSP was expressed at 4 weeks after pulpotomy. These results suggest that two different types of reparative dentin formation, dentin-like and bone-like dentin, may depend on the type and extent of the injury and the effect of the associated defense reaction on the structural and functional integrity at the dentin-pulp border.

Motor Control and Detection Based on DSP / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To present a new method of motor power control in order to realize the precise motor power control of medical equipment. Methods The power control method based on PWM Modulation circuit was proposed by researching the DSP microcontroller TMS320LF240x. Results The test results fully satisfied the design requirements. Conclusion The system has simple structure,good programming,and can use different control algorithms in different applications without the need for change in the external circuit,which is easy to upgrade and meet the needs of special occasions.

Research of Cataract Ultrasound Emulsification Operation Intelligent Controller / 医疗卫生装备

This paper introduces the structure and basic principle of an intelligent controller based on DSP,whose hardware takes TMS320F2812 as core. The expert control system is adopted in the software. This controller is integrated with pattern recognition systems and ultrasound emulsification instrument to introduce control theory and experts' experience into cataract operation, and then cataract operation can be automatized and intelligentized.

Design and realization of digital hearing aid based on DSP / 医疗卫生装备

This paper discusses the research of a digital hearing aid based on DSP TMS320C5416,in which a series of prevalent algorithms in digital hearing aid are realized including dynamic range compression,frequency compression,noise-reduction,directional multi-microphone,etc.This project provides some experience for national development of the hardware and software of the digital hearing aid based on DSP.

Design of digital video acquisition card based on TMS320C6201 / 医疗卫生装备

Conventional digital video acquisition card can only collect but not process video frequency.This paper introduces the design of a digital video acquisition card based on C6000 DSP chip of TI company,which can process digital video automatically and communicate with mainframe through PCI interface.

A Program for Optimizing Product Combination of Injectable Drugs / 薬剤疫学

Objective : Injectable drugs usually include several products of different dosage and price. It is, therefore, difficult for pharmacists and medical staff to select the optimal combination of the products, which provides product selection and sufficient drug amounts prescribed while minimizing the price. We developed a support program for optimizing by using a processing software, NaU DSP®.<BR>Methods : Our program has a simple function to calculate and find the optimal combinations among the potential alternatives. We applied this program to analyze RANDA®, a cisplatin preparation, which has three products containing 10mg, 25mg and 50mg at a price of ¥4, 555, ¥11, 000 and ¥19, 860, respectively. Seven hundred forty-two prescriptions including RANDA® were investigated.<BR>Results : In seventy-eight prescriptions (11%), there was a reduction in the total price of the product combinations between the selection aided with and without the program.<BR>Conclusion : By using the optimization program, pharmaceutical costs can be curtailed more effectively than by arbitrary selection by medical staff.

Detection of R wave from ECG signal by DSP/BIOS of RTOS / 医疗卫生装备

This paper introduces a practical and real -time R wave detection algorithm as well as its realization and adjustment by DSP/BIOS of RTOS. With DSP/BIOS of RTOS applied, the adjustment and evaluation of real-time program for ECG are facilitated and the program stability is enhanced.

Research on real-time bioelectrical signal acquisition based on DSP / 医疗卫生装备

TI TMS320C5402 DSP is utilizedto detect and analyse the real-time bioelectrical signal in this paper.DSP-based TI TMS320C5402 DSK gets involved in the hardware control and programming,and the preliminary results of signal acquisition are also presented.

Design of portable monitoring CPR device / 医疗卫生装备

In this paper, the hardware and software designs of a portable CPR device are introduced. The system, with a DSP chip and a single chip microcomputer composing the control system, can perform CPR and monitoring at the same time. This paper expatiates on such contents as the signal acquisition and process, the drive of the touch screen, closed cardiac massage and the control of the respiration part.

Effect of Dangguishaoyao Powder on three models of memory dysfunction / 中成药

Objective: To observe the effect of DSP on three models of memory dysfunction,so as to provide evidence for its potential therapeuticaction for senile dementia.Methods: Three kinds of memory dysfunction are induced by scopolamine,reserpine and ovariectomy respectively,and memory ability is measured through step through and water maze tests.Meanwhile AchE activity in front cortex, hippocampus,striatum and limlic lobe of rats injected scopalamine is determined.Results: DSP can significantly prolong the step through latency,and decrease AchE activity in different parts of rats injeted scopalamine.And DSP can remarkably prolong latency,and increase uterus index of mice after ovariectomy.On the other hand,DSP can shorten water maze latency,enhance the correction percentage of mice injected reserpine.Conclusions:DSP can improve the memory dysfunction possibly through below pathways:(1)enhance the cholinergic system;(2)antagonize the decrease of monoamino transmitter;(3)has the possible estrogen like action.