In-vitro Anti-hyperglycemic Evaluation of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Delonix regia Bark

Anti-hyperglycemic agents is a substance that helps a person with diabetes control their level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It includes insulin and oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels leading to other major complications. Thus, obtaining these anti hyperglycemic agents through easily available flora is necessary. Delonix regia , a tree cultivated worldwide, has also been used as traditional medicine in various disorders. Aim of the project work was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity in the hydroalcoholic extract of D. regia bark for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The collected bark was dried, powdered and extracted through cold maceration method. The extract was further concentrated to obtain a gummy mass of the hydroalcoholic extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis through conventional chemical tests and GC-MS. After the identification of the phytoconstituents, they were studied for their clinically proven properties. In-vitro anti-hyperglycemic studies were carried out through assays like alpha-amylase inhibition assay and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay. The results of the extract were compared with results of standard acarbose. The IC 50 standard values in alpha-amylase inhibition assay and ?-glucosidase inhibition assay were 98.77 and 84.33 ?g/mL, respectively. The IC 50 values of hydroalcoholic extract of D. regia bark in alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay were 167 and 116.31 ?g/mL, respectively. From the study, the hydroalcoholic extract of bark of D. regia exhibit anti-hyperglycemic activity compared to standard acarbose.

Ameliorative Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Delonix regia (Hook) Raf on the Liver, Kidney and Spleen of High-fat Diet Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Female Wistar Rats

Background: Plants have been relied upon by people for treatment, control and management of diabetes. The local residents around University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, use cooked Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Seeds as food supplement for the management of diabetes. Aim: Based on the available evidence on this plant species, this study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorative potentials of aqueous cooked and uncooked seed extracts of Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. On the liver, kidney and spleen of high-fat diet streptozotocin-induced diabetes in female Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-eight rats were grouped into eight. Group 1 served as normal control and was fed with normal diet. The diabetic state was achieved by feeding the rats with high-fat diet which contained 20% sucrose, 20% lard and 60% grower mash for six weeks, followed by 40 mg/kg body weight of a single dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Seven days after induction of diabetes, rats in group 2 did not receive any treatment and were designated as the negative control. Rats in groups 3 (Positive control) and 4 (Second positive control) received metformin 100mg/kg and metformin/vildagliptin 50/25 mg/kg body weight respectively as standard drugs while groups 5 to 8 designated (A1), (A2) (B1) and (B2) respectively, were induced and treated daily with 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight orally cooked seeds (A1), (A2) and uncooked seeds (B1), (B2) extracts for six weeks. Blood was obtained through cardiac puncture after the rats were anaesthetised and sacrificed. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and spleen were studied. Results: Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) decreased the bilirubin, potassium, bicarbonate concentrations, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities as well as granulocyte count in dose and time-dependent manner when compared to group 2 respectively. Photomicrographs of the spleen of diabetic untreated rats showed significant hemosiderin pigment deposition compared to the splenic architecture of the normal rats. Treatment with Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf extracts prevented hemosiderin pigment deposition in groups 5 to 8. Conclusion: This study, therefore, provides useful resources about the ameliorative potentials of seed extracts of Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in female Wistar rats.

Delonix regia: historic perspectives and modern phytochemical and pharmacological researches / 中国天然药物

Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook) Raffin (Fabaceae), also known as flame of forest, is a semi-deciduous tree, distributed throughout Madagascar, India, Africa, and Northern Australia. Various parts of the plant are traditionally used for the treatment of different ailments such as inflammation, rheumatism, bronchitis, diabetes, anemia, fever, gynecological disorders, and pneumonia. The plant possess antioxidant, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, wound healing, antiarthritic, larvicidal, antimalarial, antiemetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antiheamolytic, diuretic, and anthelmintic activities. This review is an up-to-date compilation on its traditional uses in context to phytochemical and pharmacological perspectives.

Development and optimization of interpenetrating network beads of Delonix regia gum and sodium alginate using response surface methodology.

The aim of present investigation was to develop and optimize sustained release interpenetrating network (IPN) beads of Delonix regia seed polysaccharide (DRG) and sodium alginate using response surface methodology. Diclofenac sodium (DS) was chosen as model drug. A central composite design was used to study and optimize the effect of independent variables (A: sodium alginate:DRG ratio and B: calcium chloride concentration) on drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %) and drug release in 8h (R8h, %). Total thirteen batches of DRG-alginate IPN beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent. The DEE (%) of the beads was found in the range 32.79-56.54%. Swelling of beads was high in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) whereas, less in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2). The beads exhibited sustained release of DS for 8h (65.6±0.98 - 99.9±1.87%) and followed Higuchi model demonstrating non-fickian diffusion mechanism. The observed responses of the optimized batch were similar to the predicted values determined by Design Expert (V.7.0, Stat-Ease Inc, USA) software. The optimized DRG-alginate IPN beads may show good encapsulation of water soluble drugs followed by their sustained release for 8h which might be advantageous in terms of advanced patient compliance with reduced dosing interval.

In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Hydro Ethanolic Extract of Delonix regia (Bojer ex. Hook.) Flowers on Cancer Cell Lines.

Aims: To evaluate the In vitro cytotoxic effects of the hydro ethanolic extract (HEE) of the Delonix regia flowers against different cell lines. Methodology: The dried Delonix regia flowers are subjected to soxhlet extraction by using 70% ethanol. The dried extract was used to determine the qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis, total phenolic and flavonoid content. The cytotoxic property of the extract was determined by using MTT assay against breast cancer (MCF-7), cervix (HeLa), brain and colon cancer cells. Tamoxifen is used as a standard for all the cell lines. Results: Qualitative phytochemical tests of extract HEE showed the presence of sugars, flavonoid, tannins, phenolic compounds, steroids and saponins. The percentage of phenolic and flavonoid content was determined as 31.42 mg/g, 29.22 mg/g respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the extract showed, IC50 concentrations (μg/ml) against MCF-7 (breast), carcinoma of cervix HeLa cells, carcinoma of the brain, and carcinoma of colon cells against tamoxifen are 141.6 ± 0.08, 223.7 ± 2.16, 173.9 ± 0.7, 168.33 ± 0.04 respectively. Conclusions: The experimental data clearly demonstrate the hydro ethanolic extract (HEE) showed cytotoxic properties against human cancer cells.

Antinociceptive and cytotoxic potential of ethanolic extract of Delonix regia (Leaves).

This study investigated the antinociceptive and cytotoxic effects of alcoholic extract of Delonix regia Leaves in rodents. Antinociceptive activities were done using paw licking and writhing tests. The extract was used at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg per orally as compared to Standard drug Diclofenac-Na 100 mg/kg bw in Swiss albino mice of body weight 25-30 g. The cytotoxic activity was determined by the Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay. The alcoholic extract showed very highly significant effect in formalin test (p<0.01). Also had the highest analgesia (p<0.001) in the acetic acid-induced writhing model as well. The extract possessed a good in vitro cytotoxic activity (LC50=4.06 μg/ml). The results suggested that Delonix regia Leaves extract has a suitable antinociceptive effect as well as cytotoxic potential.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of leaf and flower extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Delonix regia and Peltaphorum ferrugineum.

The present study was undertaken to determine antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of leaf and flower extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Delonix regia and Peltaphorum ferrugineum. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans by Agar well diffusion assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS free radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing assay and Total antioxidant capacity determination. Total phenolic content of extracts was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau Reagent method. S. typhi and C. neoformans were susceptible to extracts to greater extent than S. aureus and C. albicans among bacteria and fungi respectively. Except C. pulcherrima extract, the leaf extracts were more effective in inhibiting bacteria than flower extracts. Leaf extracts have shown high antifungal activity than flower extracts. The extracts have shown dose dependent scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals. Scavenging of ABTS radicals was more efficient than that of DPPH radicals as revealed by low IC50 values. All leaf extracts except C. pulcherrima displayed stronger scavenging activities than flower extracts. Similar results were observed in ferric reducing assay and total antioxidant capacity determination. Total phenolic content was found to be higher in leaf extracts (except C. pulcherrima) than flower extracts. A correlation has been observed between phenolic content of leaf and flower extracts and the antioxidant activity. A marked antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of leaf and flower extracts was observed which may be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals. The plants can be used to control infectious diseases and oxidative damage.