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Aim To investigated the effect of p-CA on depression-like behaviors of mice of olfactory bulbectomy and its possible mechanism. Methods The olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model of mice was established by an operation of olfactory bulbectomy. The behaviors of the mice were detected by the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test. Results The depression-like behavior in the forced swimming and tail suspension test and the in the open field test significantly increased in OBX mice; however, p-CA improved the depres- sion-like behavior in the forced swimming and tail sus pension test and the hyper-locomotor activity in open field test in OBX mice. Moreover, treatment with AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX blocked this improving effect of p-CA. While, treatment with AMPA receptor agonist CX546 enhanced this improving effect of p-CA. Conclusions P-CA improves depression-like behaviors of OBX mice, and AMPA receptors may mediate this effect.
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Objective:To explore the modulatory effects of GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway on anxiety- and depression-like behavior of mice induced by chronic sleep deprivation (CSD).Methods:Forty-eight 10-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were selected and randomly divided into four groups(with 12 mice in each group): control group, inhibitor-only group (LiCl), chronic sleep deprivation group (CSD) and inhibitor with CSD group (LiCl+ CSD). Elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST) were used to evaluate the behavior of mice, HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphological changes of hippocampal neurons, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of β-catenin, GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β in hippocampal tissues. SPSS 22.0 software was used for independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA. Results:After modeling, the body weight of mice in the CSD group ((26.53±0.76)g) was significantly lower than that of the control group ((28.00±0.37)g) ( q=4.119, P=0.041), and the body weight in the LiCl+ CSD group ((28.04±0.86)g) was improved compared with CSD group ( q=4.240, P=0.036). In EPM, the ratio of the entering times and the proportion of the staying time in the open arm in the CSD group ((48.44±9.16)%) and ((16.47±10.42)%) were significantly lower than those in the control group ((68.92±11.71)% and (42.93±15.89)%) ( q=4.660, P=0.018, q=4.346, P=0.029), but the staying time in the open arm in the LiCl+ CSD group ((32.92±12.05)%) was significantly higher than that in the CSD group ( q=2.432, P=0.038). In FST, the percentage of floating immobility time of the mice in the CSD group ((55.00±5.36)%) was significantly longer than that of the control group ((39.95±2.87)%) ( P=0.023), which was decreased significantly in the LiCl+ CSD group ((42.00±7.92)%) than that in the CSD group ( P=0.040). Western blot results showed that, the expressions of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin in the hippocampus of CSD group were decreased significantly ( P=0.040, P=0.008), while the expression of GSK-3β was significantly increased than that of the control group ( P<0.001). Both p-GSK-3β and β-catenin were significantly reversed in CSD+ LiCl group than that in CSD ( P=0.034, P=0.038). Conclusion:The GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of CSD-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice.
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Objective To investigate the effect of fluoxetine-exposure during pregnant period on depression-like behaviors and hippocampal BDNF in offspring mice.Methods Sixteen C57BL/6 pregnant mice were randomly divided into fluoxetine group (Flu group) and normal saline group (NS group),including 8 mice in each group.And the mice in the Flu group and NS group were treated with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and normal saline respectively by intragastric administration from the date of conception 9 to day 18.The adult offspring mice were divided into 8 groups including 4 subgroup with 8 in each group based on gender and circadian rhythm.That was Flu-MD group,Flu-MN group,Flu-FD group,Flu-FN group,NS-MD group,NS-MN group,NS-FD group and NS-FN group;"M" and "F" stands for gender;and "D"and "N" stands for circadian rhythm.The depression-like behavior of offspring adult mice was observed by tail suspension and forced swimming test,and the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus was detected by Western blot.Results (1) There was no deformity in the adult offspring mice of NS group and Flu group;(2) In the tail suspension test and forced swimming test,there was no significant difference in cumulative immobility time between the Flu group and the NS group (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in cumulative immobility time between male and female mice in NS group or Flu group (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in immobility time between Flu-MD group and Flu-MN group (tail suspension test:Flu-MD group (175.94± 30.93)s,Flu-MN group (127.65±44.91)s;forced swimming test:Flu-MD group (108.17±44.92)s,Flu-MN group (169.00±62.50) s,P＜0.05),and there were no significant difference in the rest groups.(3) There was no significant difference in the expression of BDNF protein between the Flu group and NS group (P＞0.05).Conclusion There is no phenotypic abnormalities on offspring when female mice were exposed to fluoxetine during their pregnancy period.It does not increase the occurrence of depression-like behavior of the adult offspring and does not affect the expression of BDNF in hippocampus.