RESUMEN
Objective To explore the mediating role of cognitive function in the association between literacy level and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods Using the fourth national follow-up data of the China Health and Elderly Care Tracking Survey 2018, 8 124 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years and above were included as the study subjects. The PROCESS 4.0 program was used to test the mediating effect of cognitive function between literacy level and depressive symptoms, and the Bootstrap method was used for the mediator variable validation. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly people in China was 38.10%. After controlling for gender, place of residence, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise, literacy level was a negative predictor of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people (β =－0.480, t =－11.248, P<0.001). Cognitive function accounted for 58.75% of the amount of mediating effect between literacy level and depressive symptoms. Conclusion Literacy level and cognitive function are associated with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people. Literacy level can influence depressive symptoms directly or indirectly through the mediation of cognitive dysfunction.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the difference of depressive symptoms between adolescents and adults,and to provide possible basis for early detection of adolescent depression.Methods From July 2021 to June 2022,a total of 4 096 patients with"depression"in the psychiatric clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected as the research objects.They were divided into the adolescent group(n=2 439)and adult group(n=1 657)according to their ages,and the results of self-rating depression scale(SDS)and symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)were collected and analyzed.Results There were significant differences in nationality,residence,native place,family history and degree of depression between the two groups(P<0.05).The adolescent group has more severe depressive symptoms,which were mainly manifes-ted in negative ideas,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,hostile and interpersonal relationship,and psychotic symptoms(P<0.05).The adult group showed more obvious in sleep(P<0.05).Conclusion Early inter-vention should be carried out for adolescents'depressive symptoms such as negative thoughts.
RESUMEN
Objective An isotemporal substitution model was used to explore the associations between activities including 10 minutes per day of physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior(SB),and sleep(SLP),and depressive symptoms among vocational school students with and without depressive symptoms.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted on grade one to grade three students attending vocational schools in Shanghai and Jiangsu Province from Dec 2021 to Jan 2022.Fourteen schools were selected using the convenience cluster sampling method.The selected students were categorized into depressive symptoms group and non-depressive symptoms group according to the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)scores.Results A total of 40 339 questionnaires were collected,of which 10 086 were able to clearly remember the time of physical activity in the past week,and 8 149 were valid after data cleaning.According to the valid questionnaires,5 496 students(67.44%)were in the non-depressive symptoms group and 2 653(32.56%)were in the depressive symptoms group.The mean age of the students were(16.70±1.19)years.In the non-depressive symptoms group,substituting moderate physical activity(MPA)for all the other behaviors was negatively associated with CES-D scores,while substituting vigorous physical activity(VPA)for MPA and SB was positively associated with CES-D scores.In the depressive symptoms group,substituting walking,SB,and SLP with MPA was negatively associated with CES-D scores,respectively.The associations of MPA substituted for walking,SB,and SLP with CES-D scores were much stronger in the depressive symptoms group than in the non-depressive symptoms group.Conclusion The detection rate of depressive symptoms was high among vocational students.Substituting MPA for walking,SB,and SLP were negatively associated with CES-D scores,with a stronger association observed in the depressive symptoms group than in the non-depressive symptoms group.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the associated factors of depressive symptoms among patients with neo-plasms.Methods:Nationwide(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan),30 505 residents were selected by a combination of stratified sampling and quota sampling according to the proportion of the seventh national population census.Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),self-made questionnaire,and simplified perceived social support scale used to evaluate depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,behaviors,and perceived social support among patients with neoplasms.Results:Totally 359(1.2％)patients with self-repor-ted clinically diagnosed neoplasms were included,of which 151(42.1％)patients with malignant neoplasms and 208(57.9％)patients with benign neoplasms.The detection rate of depressive symptoms in patients with neo-plasms was 76.6％.Less than three days of walking for more than 10 minutes per day in the past week(OR=6.63),4-6 days of walking for more than 10 minutes per day in the past week(OR=5.00),the low(OR=4.80)or medium(OR=3.06)overall sleep quality,the lower perceived friend support(OR=4.66),and anxiety symp-toms(OR=1.74)among patients with neoplasms were risk factors for depressive symptoms.Conclusion:Patients with neoplasms generally might be at a high risk of depressive symptoms,especially for those patients with less ex-ercise,poor sleep quality,and low perceived social support.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the longitudinal relationship between solution-focused thinking and de-pressive symptoms in college students.Methods:A total of 261 college students were assessed with the Solution-Fo-cused Inventory(SFI)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)in a 3-month interval.Data were analyzed with re-petitive measures analysis of variance and the cross-lagged panel model.Results:The detection rates for depressive symptoms at baseline and 3-month laterwere 39.46％and 47.89％,respectively.The scores of problem disengage-ment showed decrease after 3 months(P＜0.01).In the cross-lagged model,the baseline scores of SFI could signif-icantly predict the decrease in scores of SDS after 3 months(β=-0.19,P＜0.05),while the baseline scores of SDS could not predict the scores of SFI after 3 months(β=-0.05,P＞0.05).Conclusion:The findings suggest that solution-focused thinking may alleviate depressive symptoms.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the correlation among physical activity,mild depressive symptoms and frontal alpha power asymmetry in college students.Methods:Seventy college students with mild depressive symp-toms who conformed to the standard of the Self-Rating Scale for Depression(SDS)of 53-62 and 70 normal col-lege students were recruited.The frontal alpha power was measured under quiet and closed-eye state,and the total physical activity(PA)was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.Results:The college students with mild depressive symptoms had lower Total PA scores,right frontal alpha power and frontal alpha a-symmetry(FAA)than the normal controls(P＜0.001).In college students with mild depressive symptoms,the to-tal PA scores(r=-0.29,P＜0.05)and FAA(r=-0.41,P＜0.001)were negatively correlated with SDS scores,and the total PA scores were positively correlated with FAA(r=0.34,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The college students with mild depressive symptoms may have reduced physical activity and asymmetric right lateralization of frontal alpha power.There is a correlation among depressive symptoms,physical activity and frontal alpha power a-symmetry in college students with mild depressive symptoms.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To explore the factors affecting balance ability among middle-aged and elderly people with depressive symptoms, so as to provide the evidence for improving balance ability and prevention of falls.@*Methods@#Based on the 2015 database of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), demographic information, lifestyle and health status were collected from people aged 45 years and older who scored 10 and more on the Self-rating Depression Scale or took antidepressants. The balance ability was assessed by semi-tandem and full-tandem stand tests, which was defined as meeting the standard when both tests were completed. Factors affecting the balance ability among middle-aged and elderly people with depressive symptoms were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#Data were collected from 4 263 participants with an mean age of (60.73±8.53) years, including 1 748 males (41.00%) and 2 515 females (59.00%). There were 1 241 people failed to meet the standard of balance ability test, accounting for 29.11%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants who were at ages of 65 years and older (OR=1.234, 95%CI: 1.071-1.421), were female (OR=1.422, 95%CI: 1.161-1.741), were physically disabled (OR=1.309, 95%CI: 1.127-1.521) and had physical pain (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.023-1.340) had higher risks of failing to meet the standard of balance ability test, while participants who took naps (OR=0.856, 95%CI: 0.748-0.980), never smoked (OR=0.641, 95%CI: 0.517-0.793) and had social activities (OR=0.864, 95%CI: 0.755-0.988) had lower risks of failing to meet the standard of balance ability test.@*Conclusion@#The balance ability among middle-aged and elderly people with depressive symptoms was associated with age, gender, napping, smoking, social activities, physical disability and physical pain.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To analyze the association between latent class of health-risk behaviors and depressive symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms among middle school students.@*Methods@#Students in two junior high schools, two senior high schools and one vocational high school in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, were selected using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. Demography and health-risk behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys, depressive symptoms were investigated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 Scale, and latent class analysis was conducted for health-risk behaviors. The association between different latent classes and depressive symptoms was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 1 247 students were surveyed, including 641 boys (51.40%) and 606 girls (48.60%). There were 452 junior high school students (36.25%), 532 high school students (42.66%) and 263 vocational high school students (21.09%). Latent class analysis showed that health-risk behaviors in students were classified into three groups, namely healthy behavior group (52.93%), poor diet group (39.94%) and high-risk behavior group (7.14%), and the detection rates of depressive symptoms were 7.12%, 18.88% and 52.81%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between groups (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, native place, only child and living on campus, the poor diet group (OR=3.107, 95%CI: 2.086-4.627) and high-risk behavior group (OR=15.401, 95%CI: 9.031-26.262) had higher risks of depressive symptoms compared with the healthy behavior group.@*Conclusion@#Having high-risk behaviors and poor diet may increase the risk of developing depressive symptoms among middle school students.
RESUMEN
Objective@# To evaluate the intervention effectiveness of broken window effect combined with narrative nursing on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents, so as to provide the basis for NSSI prevention in adolescents.@*Methods@#Totally 134 adolescents with NSSI admitted to Mental Health Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui West Health Vocational College from January 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control and treatment group. All were given narrative nursing and routine care, and the adolescents in the treatment group were given additional intervention based on broken window effect. The effects were evaluated using Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS), Ottawa Self-injury Inventory-Functions (OSI-F) and Nursing Satisfaction Scale, and the two groups were compared before and after intervention.@*Results@#The treatment and control groups comprised 67 cases each, had a median age of 14.12 (interquartile range, 2.01) years and 14.10 (interquartile range, 1.52) years, included 71.64% and 68.66% girls, and 79.10% and 74.63% junior high school students, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups in terms of gender, age or educational level (all P>0.05). The results of analysis of variance for repeated measures showed that there were interactions between time and group for SDS, HAMD and SIOSS scores (all P<0.05), and the decrease in scores before and after intervention was greater in the treatment group than in the control group. After intervention, the SDS, HAMD, SIOSS score and incidence of suicidal behaviors in the treatment group were all lower than the control group [SDS: (32.54±1.27) vs. (44.25±2.23); HAMD: (10.54±1.83) vs. (18.73±1.89); SIOSS: (10.37±2.20) vs. (15.76±1.62); incidence of suicidal behavior: 14.93% vs. 32.84%; all P<0.05]. The nursing satisfaction rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (98.51% vs. 88.06%, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The broken window effect combined with narrative nursing would improve the depressive symptoms in adolescents with NSSI, and reduce the suicidal ideation and self injury.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To explore the influencing factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents in China, so as to provide insights into promoting mental health of adolescents.@*Methods@#The 2020 follow-up survey data of China Family Panel Studies were collected, including demographic information, lifestyle, family factors and academic factors of adolescents aged 10-19 years. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The influencing factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 2 777 adolescents were analyzed, including 1 470 males (52.93%) and 1 307 females (47.07%). There were 1 186 adolescents (42.71%) from urban areas and 1 591 adolescents (57.29%) from rural areas, 106 smokers (3.82%), and 459 adolescents (16.53%) with depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that academic stress (OR=1.268, 95%CI: 1.151-1.396), poor self-rated health (OR=1.255, 95%CI: 1.116-1.411), smoking (OR=1.901, 95%CI: 1.127-3.207), low trust in parents (OR=0.780, 95%CI: 0.729-0.835) and large family size (OR=1.095, 95%CI: 1.035-1.158) were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents.@*Conclusion@#The influencing factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents were academic stress, self-rated health, smoking, trust in parents and family size.
RESUMEN
Resumo: O aumento do uso de mídias sociais e sua associação com sintomas depressivos, especialmente em jovens adultos, tem gerado a necessidade do entendimento de como ocorre tal associação para subsidiar políticas de redução de danos e agravos. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou verificar o efeito mediador da dependência de mídias sociais e da qualidade do sono na associação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e sintomas depressivos em universitários brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 2.823 universitários, que forneceram informações referentes ao tempo de uso de mídias sociais, à dependência de mídias sociais, aos sintomas depressivos e à qualidade do sono. A análise de mediação, ajustada por fatores de confusão, foi realizada por meio do software PROCESS para SPSS, para obtenção do efeito total (c), direto (c') e indiretos (EI1, EI2 e EI3). Os resultados identificaram associação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e os sintomas depressivos, mediada pela dependência de mídias sociais (EI1 = 20%) e pela qualidade do sono (EI1 = 40%). Os resultados permitem ampliar o conhecimento acerca dos mecanismos que influenciam mutuamente a relação entre o tempo de uso de mídias sociais e os sintomas depressivos, auxiliando na adoção de estratégias de redução de danos decorrentes do uso excessivo de mídias sociais.
Abstract: Increase in time spent on social media and its association with depressive symptoms, especially among young adults, has generated the need to understand how this association occurs in order to support the development of policies to reduce harm and complications. In view of this fact, this study aimed to assess the mediating effect of social media addiction and sleep quality on the association between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms in Brazilian university students. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 2,823 university students, who provided information regarding time spent on social media, social media addiction, depressive symptoms and sleep quality. The mediation analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, was performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS to obtain the total (c), direct (c'), and indirect effects (EI1, EI2, and EI3). The results identified an association between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms, mediated by social media addiction (EI1 = 20%) and sleep quality (EI1 = 40%). These findings help expand knowledge about the mechanisms that mutually influence the relationship between time spent on social media and depressive symptoms, supporting the adoption of strategies to reduce harm resulting from excessive social media use.
Resumen: El aumento del uso de las redes sociales y su asociación con síntomas depresivos, especialmente en adultos jóvenes, ha generado la necesidad de comprender cómo se produce esta asociación como una forma de apoyar las políticas de reducción de daños y afecciones. En ese sentido, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el efecto mediador de la adicción a las redes sociales y de la calidad del sueño en la asociación entre el tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos en estudiantes universitarios brasileños. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con 2.823 estudiantes universitarios, quienes brindaron información respecto al tiempo de uso de las redes sociales, adicción a las redes sociales, síntomas depresivos y calidad del sueño. El análisis de mediación, ajustado por factores de confusión, se realizó por medio del software PROCESS para SPSS, para obtener el efecto total (c), directo (c') e indirectos (EI1, EI2 y EI3). Los resultados identificaron una asociación entre el tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos, mediada por adicción a las redes sociales (EI1 = 20%) y la calidad del sueño (EI1 = 40%). Los resultados permiten ampliar el conocimiento acerca de los mecanismos que influyen mutuamente en la relación entre tiempo de uso de las redes sociales y los síntomas depresivos, ayudando a adoptar estrategias para reducir los daños resultantes del uso excesivo de las redes sociales.
RESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgical treatment of endometriosis on the levels of health-related depression in patients using a validated questionnaire. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out between September 2020 and May 2022 in a private hospital (São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil), which analysed depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, on 103 patients undergoing surgical treatment for endometriosis, evaluated preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after the procedure. Patients with unsuccessful clinical treatment for endometriosis and pain level ≥7 on Visual Analog Scale and who agreed to participate in the study were included. Demographic data were acquired by consulting medical records. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 36±6.3 years; the majority of patients were brown (68.6%), married (66.6%), overweight (55.8%), had had hormonal treatments with progestogens (50.9%), low fertility (50.9%), severe endometriosis (39.3%), endometriosis surgery+myomectomy (29.4%) and one (1%) patient withdrew from the study. There was a statistically significant reduction in mean Beck Depression Inventory between the preoperative period and 6 months after surgery (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of endometriosis appears to have a positive impact on the symptoms of depression in the patients evaluated.
RESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y los síntomas depresivos entre hombres y mujeres de México antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y método: Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19 y de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2021 sobre COVID-19. Utilizando modelos de regresiones logísticas binomiales, se estiman las razones de momios entre hombres y mujeres de presentar síntomas depresivos según la inseguridad alimentaria del hogar ajustando por diversas variables socioeconómicas y de la salud. Resultados: Existe una diferencia significativa de la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos, pero no de la inseguridad alimentaria entre sexos y entre periodos. Los síntomas depresivos y la inseguridad alimentaria se relacionaron antes de y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 entre hombres y mujeres, incluso ajustando por las variables de control sociodemográficas y de la salud. Conclusión: Los síntomas depresivos y la inseguridad alimentaria se relacionan de forman consistente. Es importante estudiar esta asociación en etapas posteriores a la pandemia para determinar si es consistente o se relaciona con las condiciones sociales y económicas impuestas.
Abstract Objective: To analyze the relationship between food insecurity and depressive symptoms among men and women in Mexico before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and materials: Cross-sectional study with data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19 and the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2021 sobre COVID-19. Using binomial logistic regression models, the odds ratios between men and women of presenting depressive symptoms according to household food insecurity are estimated, adjusting for various socioeconomic and health variables. Results: There is a significant difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms, but not in food insecurity between sexes and between periods. Depressive symptoms and food insecurity were associated before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among men and women, even adjusting for health and sociodemographic control variables. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms and food insecurity are consistently related. It is important to study this association in post-pandemic stages to determine if it is consistent or related to imposed social and economic conditions.
RESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Academic performance in medical students can be influenced by several factors, including those related to mental health and family relationships. Objective To examine the factors affecting academic performance in medical students, specifically considering potential diagnoses of depression. Method A survey was conducted among 747 fourth-year medical students. The survey included questions on sociodemographic variables, mental health, and well-being. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was utilized, encompassing sections on depression, anxiety, panic, eating habits, alcohol consumption, and the Stress Perception Scale. Academic performance was assessed based on students' Grade Point Average (GPA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a linear regression model were employed for data analysis. Results The study revealed several variables significantly associated with GPA. Age (r = -.388), financial situation (r = .241), relationships with cohabitants (r = .165), and relationships with peers (r = .217) were found to have a correlation with academic performance. Additionally, repeating a course was found to be significantly associated with a person's GPA (r = .518) even after controlling for depression. Discussion and conclusion The findings indicate that robust mental health, a favorable financial situation, and positive interpersonal relationships are crucial for achieving optimal academic performance in medical students. These results emphasize the need to address mental health concerns, promote a supportive social environment, and provide financial assistance to enhance the educational outcomes of medical students.
Resumen Introducción El desempeño académico de los estudiantes de medicina puede verse influenciado por varios factores, entre ellos los relacionados con la salud mental y las relaciones familiares. Objetivo Examinar los factores que afectan el desempeño académico en estudiantes de medicina, considerando específicamente los posibles diagnósticos de depresión. Método Se realizó una encuesta entre 747 estudiantes de cuarto año de la carrera de medicina. La encuesta incluyó preguntas sobre variables sociodemográficas, salud mental y bienestar. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ), que comprende secciones sobre depresión, ansiedad, pánico, hábitos alimentarios, consumo de alcohol y la Escala de Percepción del Estrés. El desempeño académico se evaluó con base en el promedio de calificaciones (GPA) de los estudiantes. Se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas, coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y un modelo de regresión lineal para el análisis de datos. Resultados El estudio reveló varias variables significativamente asociadas con el GPA. Se encontró que la edad (r = -.388), la situación financiera (r = .241), las relaciones con los convivientes (r = .165) y las relaciones con los compañeros (r = .217) tenían correlación con el rendimiento académico. Además, se encontró que repetir un curso estaba significativamente asociado con el GPA de una persona (r = .518) incluso después de controlar la depresión. Discusión y conclusión Los hallazgos indican que una salud mental sólida, una situación financiera favorable y relaciones interpersonales positivas son cruciales para lograr un desempeño académico óptimo en los estudiantes de medicina. Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de abordar los problemas de salud mental, promover un entorno social de apoyo y brindar asistencia financiera para mejorar los resultados educativos de los estudiantes de medicina.
RESUMEN
Antecedentes: La población sobre 60 años va en aumento y es relevante tener más conocimiento sobre los factores que inciden en su bienestar y salud mental. Objetivo: Este estudio busca comprender la relación entre bienestar, apoyo social y sintomatología depresiva en personas mayores de la provincia de Concepción. Método: 538 adultos mayores fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente de 15 Centros de Salud Primaria de la provincia de Concepción, Chile. Se midieron sus niveles de bienestar (con el Pemberton Happiness Index), de apoyo Social (con la Escala Multidimensional de Percepción de Apoyo Social de Zimet) y de sintomatología depresiva (mediante el Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Resultados: Los adultos mayores mostraron un puntaje elevado (M=8,54; DE = 1,34) en bienestar, sin diferencias por sexo (t(536) = −1,065, p = 0,288 > 0,05). En los análisis de regresión lineal, el apoyo social (β =0,463, p<0,001) y la sintomatología depresiva (β =-1,585, p<0,001) aparecen como influyentes en el bienestar de las personas mayores; y el apoyo social actúa como un factor moderador (β=0,049, p=0,007, IC =0,021; 0,077) en la relación entre sintomatología depresiva y bienestar. Conclusiones: Las personas mayores muestran elevado bienestar. Los resultados refuerzan la relevancia del apoyo social como un factor protector en las personas mayores. Ello corrobora la importancia del fomento de este aspecto en los programas promocionales y preventivos destinados al bienestar y salud mental de adultos mayores.
Background: The population over 60 years of age is increasing. Aim: This research aims to understand the relationship between well-being, social support, and depressive symptoms in older Chilean people. Method: 538 older adults were randomly selected from 15 Primary Health Centers in the province of Concepción, Chile, 341 women and 197 men. Well-being was measured with the Pemberton Happiness Index, Social Support with the Zimet Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Depressive Symptomatology using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Older adults showed a high mean score (M=8.54; SD=1.34) in well-being, with no differences by sex (t(536) = −1.065, p = .288 > .05.) In linear regression analyses, social support (β =0,463, p<0,001) and depressive symptomatology (β =-1,585, p<0,001) influence the well-being of the elderly, and social support acts as a moderating factor (β=0.049, p=0.007, CI =0.021; 0.077) in the relationship between social support and well-being. Conclusions: Older people show high well-being. The results reinforce the relevance of social support as a protective factor for the positive mental health of older adults. This corroborates the importance of including this aspect in promotional and preventive mental health programs for older adults.
RESUMEN
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar inter-relações de fatores associados a sintomas depressivos (SD) em professores, considerando a insatisfação com o trabalho docente como possível mediador. Estudo transversal utilizando dados de 700 professores da rede pública de ensino de um município brasileiro. O desfecho de interesse foi SD aferido pelo Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Foram testadas inter-relações diretas e indiretas entre o desfecho e insatisfação com o trabalho, idade, renda, estilo de vida e adiposidade. Essas variáveis compuseram modelo operacional testado por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais. A maior idade (β=0,12) e a maior insatisfação com o trabalho (β=0,12) associaram-se diretamente aos SD. Já o estilo de vida mais favorável (β=-0,60) e a adiposidade (β=-0,10), associaram-se a menor ocorrência de SD. As variáveis estilo de vida (β=-0,06) e adiposidade (β=-0,02) também apresentaram efeitos indiretos negativos nos SD, mediados pela insatisfação com o trabalho. O modelo de equação estrutural testado identificou inter-relações que influenciaram os SD. A insatisfação com o trabalho docente associou-se aos SD e mediou a relação de outros fatores sobre tais sintomas.
Abstract The objective of this article is to evaluate the interrelationships of factors associated with depressive symptoms (DS) in teachers, considering dissatisfaction with the teaching job as a possible mediator. This was a cross-sectional study using data from 700 teachers from the public school system of a Brazilian municipality. The outcome of interest was DS, as assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Direct and indirect interrelationships between the outcome and dissatisfaction with work, age, income, lifestyle and adiposity were tested. These variables composed the operational model tested by structural equation modelling. Older age (β=0.12) and greater dissatisfaction with work (β=0.12) were directly associated with DS. A more favourable lifestyle (β=-0.60) and adiposity (β=-0.10) were associated with a lower occurrence of DS. The variables lifestyle (β=-0.06) and adiposity (β=-0.02) also had negative indirect effects on DS, mediated by job dissatisfaction. The structural equation model tested identified interrelationships that influenced DS. Dissatisfaction with teaching work was associated with DS and mediated the relationship of other factors with such symptoms.
RESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Little information from developing countries during the first lockdown for COVID-19 is available. We hypothesized that the use of communication tools, and not living alone would provide a protective effect against DS. Objective To determine the association between social connections and depressive symptoms (DS) during the first lockdown period among Mexican community-dwelling older adults. Method Cross-sectional phone survey including 269 participants aged 65 years or older. Participants were asked about their social connections and the presence of DS during the first lockdown for COVID-19. Results Mean age was 83.2 (SD = 6.7). Compared with those without DS, those with DS reported a greater number of phone calls or videocalls although this was not statistically significant. However, when stratifying by housing situation, only the participants who lived alone and that received less calls from friends had more DS (p = .04). Discussion and conclusion Living alone allowed the participants not to have much contact with family and this caused friends to represent the most important social relationship outside the home. We hypothesize that the means to stay socially active for older adults in Latin America are different and have a different impact. Because, DS only were present among the participants who reported living alone and having fewer calls from friends during the confinement period.
Resumen Introducción Hay poca información disponible sobre los países en desarrollo durante el primer período de confinamiento por COVID-19. Planteamos la hipótesis de que el uso de herramientas de telecomunicación y vivir acompañado proporciona un efecto protector frente a la presencia de síntomas depresivos (SD). Objetivo Determinar la asociación entre las conexiones sociales y los SD durante el primer período de confinamiento en adultos mayores mexicanos que viven en la comunidad. Método A través de un estudio transversal, 269 participantes de 65 años o más completaron una encuesta telefónica sobre sus conexiones sociales y la presencia de SD durante el primer período de confinamiento por COVID-19. Resultados La edad media fue de 83.2 (DE = 6.7). En comparación con los que no tenían SD, los que tenían SD reportaron un mayor número de llamadas telefónicas o videollamadas, pero esto no fue estadísticamente significativo. Sin embargo, al estratificar por situación de vivienda, los participantes que vivían solos y que recibían menos llamadas de amigos tenían más SD (p = .04). Discusión y conclusión Vivir solo permitió a los participantes no tener mucho contacto con la familia y esto provocó que los amigos representaran la relación social más importante fuera del hogar. Creemos que los medios para mantenerse socialmente activos de los adultos mayores en América Latina son diferentes y tienen un impacto diferente. Debido a que los SD solo estuvieron presentes entre los participantes que reportaron vivir solos y tener menos llamadas de amigos durante período de confinamiento.
RESUMEN
A depressão pode ser desenvolvida, agravada e/ou prevenida em função de alguns fatores como suporte familiar e motivos para viver, além da possibilidade de ser concebida como traço e estado depressivo. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi testar um modelo teórico preditivo (path analysis) do suporte familiar sobre traço/estado depressivo e sobre os motivos para viver, em uma amostra de 123 participantes, composta por dois grupos: pacientes do CAPS-AD e da ESF e, posteriormente, verificar as diferenças desses aspectos na amostra estudada. Foram aplicados uma ficha sociodemográfica, a Escala Baptista de Depressão - Adulto (EBADEP-A), Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF), Escala de Traço e Estado Depressivo (ETED) e Escala Brasileira de Motivos para Viver (BEMVIVER). O resultado da path analysis indicou que os motivos para viver são explicados pelo estado e traço depressivo e pelo suporte familiar. Os pacientes do CAPS-AD, tinham maiores níveis de sintomatologia depressiva e estado depressivo do que o grupo do ESF. Pacientes do ESF apresentaram médias maiores de suporte familiar e motivos para viver. Conclui-se que investir em estratégias que potencializem os motivos para viver e o suporte familiar podem reduzir os riscos de sintomatologia depressiva.
Depression can be developed, worsened and/or prevented depending on some factors such as: family support and reasons for living, in addition to the possibility of being conceived with a depressive trait and state. The main objective of this research was to test a predictive theoretical model (path analysis) of family support on the depressive trait/state and reasons for living, in a sample of 123 participants, composed of two groups: patients from the Psychosocial Care Center- Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS-AD) and the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and verify the differences of these aspects in the studied sample. A sociodemographic form, the Baptista Depression Scale -Adult (EBADEP-A), the Perceived Family Support Inventory (IPSF), Trait and Depressive State Scale (DTS) and the Brazilian Scale of Reasons to Live (BEMVIVER) were applied. The result of the path analysis indicated that the reasons for living are explained by the depressive state and trait and family support. CAPS-AD patients had higher levels of depressive symptoms and depressive state than the ESF group. ESF patients presented higher means of family support and reasons to live. It is concluded that investing in strategies that enhance the reasons to live and family support can reduce the risks of depressive symptoms.
La Depresión puede desarrollarse, agravarse y prevenirse dependiendo de factores como: apoyo familiar y razones para vivir, además puede de ser concebido con un rasgo y estado depresivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue probar un modelo teórico predictivo del apoyo familiar sobre el rasgo/estado depresivo y las razones de vivir y verificar las diferencias de esos aspectos en la muestra estudiada, de 123 participantes compuesta por dos grupos: pacientes del Centro de Atención Psicosocial - Alcohol y Drogas (CAPS-AD) y la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF). Se aplicó un formulario sociodemográfico, Escala de Depresión de Baptista - Adulto (EBADEP-A), Inventario de Apoyo Familiar Percibido (IPSF), Escala de Rasgo y Estado Depresivo (DTS), Escala Brasileña de Razones para Vivir (BEMVIVER). El resultado del análisis indicó que las razones para vivir a ser explicadas por el estado y rasgo depresivo y por el apoyo familiar. Los pacientes CAPS-AD tenían niveles más altos de síntomas y estado depresivo que el grupo ESF. Los pacientes ESF presentaron mayores medios de apoyo familiar y razones para vivir. Se concluye que invertir en estrategias que potencien estas razones y apoyo familiar puede en la reducción de los riesgos de síntomas depresivos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Atención Primaria de Salud , Apoyo Social , Atención Secundaria de Salud , Familia , Depresión , Estrategias de Salud Nacionales , Acontecimientos que Cambian la VidaRESUMEN
Introduction: Psychiatric disorders have become a global problem that leads millions of people to use psychotropic medications, especially benzodiazepines. The effects of these substances are widely known regarding tolerance and chemical dependence, however, from epigenetics perspective, there are still little known.Objective: To evaluate the association between psychotropic drug use, NR3C1 gene methylation and its relation with symptoms suggestive of depression in adult individuals assisted in the public health system.Methods: 385 adult volunteers (20-59 years) users of the Brazilian Unified Health System were recruited to evaluate socioeconomic, health, lifestyle conditions in a cross sectional study. BDI-II evaluated symptoms suggestive of depression and pyrosequencing evaluated NR3C1 DNA methylation. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression model with robust variance (p < 0.05) evaluated the association between psychotropic drug use and NR3C1 gene methylation.Results: Specific depressive symptoms such as irritability, insomnia and fatigability were associated with psychotropic drug use. Symptoms of past failure, indecision and loss of appetite were associated with hypermethylation patterns in CpGs 40 to 47 of NR3C1 gene. Moreover, psychotropic drug use is associated with 50% reduction in NR3C1 gene methylation, through model adjusted with socioeconomic, health and lifestyle confounding variables.Conclusions: Psychotropic drug use and depressive symptoms was associated with changes in NR3C1 DNA methylation. In this context, epigenetic modification resulting from psychotropic drug use and depressive symptoms could be considered, mainly in population studies with epigenetic evaluation, where these factors may be influencing the findings of future studies.
Introdução: os distúrbios psiquiátricos tornaram-se um problema global que leva milhões de pessoas ao uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos. Os efeitos dessas substâncias são amplamente conhecidos quanto à tolerância e dependência química, porém, do ponto de vista epigenético, ainda são pouco conhecidos.Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o uso de drogas psicotrópicas, metilação do gene NR3C1 e sua relação com sintomas sugestivos de depressão em indivíduos entre 20 a 59 anos usuários da rede pública de saúde.Método: 385 voluntários de 20-59 anos, usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro foram recrutados para avaliação das condições socioeconômicas, de saúde e de estilo de vida em estudo transversal. O BDI-II avaliou sintomas sugestivos de depressão e o pirosequenciamento avaliou a metilação do DNA de NR3C1. Modelo de regressão de Poisson bivariado e multivariado com variância robusta (p < 0,05) avaliou a associação entre o uso de drogas psicotrópicas e metilação do gene NR3C1.Resultados: sintomas depressivos específicos como irritabilidade, insônia e fadiga foram associados ao uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos. Sintomas de fracasso passado, indecisão e perda de apetite foram associados a padrões de hipermetilação nos CpGs 40 a 47 do gene NR3C1. Além disso, o uso de psicofármacos está associado à redução de 50% na metilação do gene NR3C1, por meio de modelo ajustado com variáveis de confusão socioeconômicas, de saúde e estilo de vida.Conclusão: o uso de drogas psicotrópicas e sintomas específicos depressivos foram associados a alterações na metilação do DNA de NR3C1.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism is commonly associated with depression and a slowing in mental activity. OBJECTIVES: The current investigation aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training on depression and thyroid function in treated hypothyroid females. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty women diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism that was regulated and accompanied by mild to moderate levels of depression completed a 12-week randomized controlled exercise trial involving two equal groups: aerobic (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The exercising group performed three sessions of aerobic exercise per week at low to moderate intensity for 12 consecutive weeks while the control group performed no exercise intervention during the same duration. At baseline and post-intervention, Beck Depression Inventory score (BDIS), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin (T4) were assessed. RESULTS: The exercising group showed significant improvements in BDIS, TSH and free T4 compared to baseline (p < 0.05) with negligible change in the control group (p > 0.05). As compared to the control, all measured items differed significantly in favor to the aerobic training group. CONCLUSION: In women with treated hypothyroidism, aerobic training can minimize depressive symptoms and enhance thyroid function.
INTRODUÇÃO: O hipotireoidismo é comumente associado à depressão e à lentidão da atividade mental. OBJETIVOS: A presente investigação teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do treinamento aeróbico na depressão e na função tireoidiana em mulheres com hipotireoidismo tratado. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Trinta mulheres diagnosticadas com hipotireoidismo primário que foi regulado e acompanhado por níveis leves a moderados de depressão completaram um teste de exercício controlado randomizado de 12 semanas envolvendo dois grupos iguais: aeróbico (n = 15) e controle (n = 15). O grupo de exercício realizou três sessões de exercício aeróbico por semana em intensidade baixa a moderada por 12 semanas consecutivas, enquanto o grupo de controle não realizou nenhuma intervenção de exercício durante a mesma duração. No início e pós-intervenção, o escore do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDIS), hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH) e tiroxina livre (T4) foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: O grupo de exercícios apresentou melhorias significativas em BDIS, TSH e T4 livre em comparação com a linha de base (p < 0,05) com alteração insignificante no grupo de controle (p > 0,05). Em comparação com o controle, todos os itens medidos diferiram significativamente em favor do grupo de treinamento aeróbico. CONCLUSÃO: Em mulheres com hipotireoidismo tratado, o treinamento aeróbico pode minimizar os sintomas depressivos e melhorar a função da tireoide.