A experiência de mulheres no pós-parto sobre o planejamento familiar / Experience of post-partum females on family planning

O estudo objetivou analisar a experiência de mulheres no pós-parto, sobre o planejamento familiar. Neste período, a mulher tende a receber menor atenção dos profissionais de saúde, uma vez que os olhares estão mais voltados ao recém-nascido, e as questões relacionadas à sexualidade não recebem atenção. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-exploratória, realizada com 17 mulheres no período de até um ano pós-parto. Foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta de dados e a análise temática de Bardin para a sua organização. Após a análise do material verbal coletado, três categorias emergiram: Gravidez não planejada pela 'falha' do método; Consulta puerperal; e Planejamento familiar após o parto. O planejamento familiar preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde não é compatível com as ações realizadas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Isso porque as mulheres entrevistadas experienciaram, em sua maioria, gravidez indesejada e continuam vulneráveis a adquirir outras futuras gestações.

Current research analyzed the experience of post-partum females on family planning. During this period, females tend to receive less attention by health professionals since the newly born baby comes foremost and sexual issues are not focused. Current qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was undertaken with 17 females during a period of up to one year after birth. The half-structured interview was prepared for data collection and Bardin´s thematic analysis for organization. After analyzing the verbal material, three categories emerged: non planned pregnancy due to the method´s failure; puerperal attendance, family planning after child birth. Family planning as conceived by the Ministry of Health is not compatible with activities by the Family Health Strategy due to the fact that most interviewed females had undesired pregnancy and remained vulnerable to other future ones.

Embarazo deseado y planificado, lactancia previa, aptitud para lactar y conocimientos de las madres sobre lactancia / Planned and wanted pregnancy, early breastfeeding, aptitudes for and mother's knowledge about breastfeeding

INTRODUCCIÓN: la OMS y la Unicef recomiendan lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses de vida, y complementada, al menos, hasta los 2 años; sin embargo, los resultados no son los esperados. OBJETIVO: evaluar la relación entre la planificación del embarazo, la lactancia en hijos anteriores, la aptitud referida para lactar y los conocimientos sobre lactancia materna de las gestantes en su tercer trimestre, de los Policlínicos "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" y "Mártires del 9 de Abril", del municipio San José de las Lajas. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio analítico y transversal, entre marzo de 2010 y marzo de 2011. De 192 gestantes en su tercer trimestre, y que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, se estudiaron: hijos previos y si recibieron lactancia materna, planificación, deseos del embarazo, aptitudes referidas, así como conocimientos sobre la lactancia. Se aplicaron 22 preguntas y se estableció un sistema de puntaje. RESULTADOS: algo más de la mitad de las madres se consideraron aptas para la lactancia, y asumieron que poseían los conocimientos necesarios para lograrlo, pero menos de la quinta parte mostró poseerlos. Las gestantes que obtuvieron valores superiores en el cuestionario fueron: las que tenían un hijo previo, las que ya habían ofrecido lactancia materna exclusiva de 4 a 6 meses, y las que deseaban y habían planificado su embarazo. CONCLUSIONES: aunque la mayoría de las gestantes consideraron que estaban aptas para la lactancia materna, no demostraron tener los conocimientos necesarios para asumirla exitosamente.

INTRODUCTION: WHO and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and as supplement for two years at least; however, the final results are not the expected ones. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the relationship between planned pregnancy, breastfeeding of previous children, aptitudes for breastfeeding and mother's knowledge about this in the third-trimester pregnant women from "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" and "Martires del 9 de Abril" polyclinics located in San Jose de las Lajas municipality, Mayabeque province. METHODS: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from March 2010 through March 2011. One hundred and ninety two women in their third trimester of pregnancy, who met the inclusion criteria, provided information about their early children and their breastfeeding, planning, desires to be pregnant, breastfeeding aptitudes and knowledge. Twenty two questions were posed and then evaluated by a scoring system set for these purposes. RESULTS: over half of mothers regarded themselves as being apt for breastfeeding and they assured that they had the required knowledge for that, but less than one fifth did show it. The pregnant women who scored highest in the questionnaire were those having a child, those having exclusively breastfed for 4 to 6 months and those who had planned and desired their pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: although the majority of pregnant women considered that they were ready for breastfeeding, they did not show adequate knowledge to succeed in this task.

Importancia del conocimiento y promoción de la anticoncepción de emergencia / Significance of knowledge and promotion of emergence contraception

El embarazo no deseado cobra cada año un alto precio a la salud de la mujer, el cual es significativamente mayor en las adolescentes. Resulta paradójico que en pleno siglo XXI muchos profesionales de la salud desconozcan o no posean toda la información necesaria relativa a la anticoncepción de emergencia, más aún conociendo que este método utilizado de forma correcta y temprana puede reducir notablemente la incidencia de embarazos no deseados y por tanto del aborto y sus secuelas, por lo que la anticoncepción de emergencia puede ser de gran utilidad en la preservación y promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva, e incluso en no pocos casos salvar la vida de las mujeres. Motivado por lo antes comentado, fue que se propuso realizar la presente revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo central de brindarle al personal de la salud, ya sean ginecólogos, médicos de familia, pediatras, enfermeras, las herramientas necesarias para educar y promover en la población general, y muy en especial a las y los adolescentes y jóvenes, respecto al uso adecuado de la anticoncepción de emergencia. Es un pequeño aporte a la lucha constante por la elevación de la calidad de vida de la mujer y la familia cubana

No desired pregnancy every year becomes a high price for women health, which is significantly higher in adolescents. It is paradoxical that in broad XX century many health professionals fails to recognize or not have all the necessary information relative to emergence contraception even though knowing that this method used in appropriate and early way may to reduce significantly the incidence of non-desired pregnancy and therefore the miscarriage and its sequelae, thus, the emergence contraception may be very useful in preservation and promotion of sexual and reproductive behavior, and even in not few cases, to save the women life. Motivated by the above mentioned, we conducted present bibliographic review with the central aim of to offer to health staff, be gynecologists, family physicians, pediatricians, nurses, the tools necessary to educate and to promote in general population and specially in adolescents the appropriate use of mergence contraception. It is our small contribution to constant fight by the rise in life of woman and in the Cuban life