A mortalidade entre adolescentes egressos do sistema penal / Mortality among former youth offenders

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as causas de internações da FASE do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a sua relação com a mortalidade de adolescentes egressos entre os anos de 2002 a 2014. Estudo observacional realizado com o banco de dados de adolescentes privados de liberdade nas unidades da FASE-RS de Porto Alegre, desligados nos anos de 2002 a 2012 (n = 8290). Informações sobre data de desligamento, ato infracional, tempo de internação e variáveis biológicas foram obtidas de banco de dados. Essa amostra foi comparada com o Sistema de Verificação de Óbitos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde para analisar a mortalidade entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Os adolescentes foram internados predominantemente por atos infracionais de cunho patrimonial e ligados a entorpecentes, os quais sofreram um aumento de aproximadamente 700% no período. O desfecho óbito associou-se (p < 0,001) às variáveis gênero masculino e número de entradas (≥ 3). Essa amostra apresentou alta taxa de mortalidade sendo a principal causa homicídio. Os achados evidenciam o alto grau de vulnerabilidade psicossocial dos egressos do sistema penal juvenil de internação. Nota-se uma associação entre crimes de baixo poder ofensivo e altas taxas de mortalidade pós-liberdade.

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the detention of youth offenders involved in the juvenile justice system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), the reason for detention, and mortality among former young offenders. We conducted an observational study with youth offenders discharged from facilities run by FASE-RS in Porto Alegre between 2002 and 2012 (n = 8,290). We collected the following information: date of discharge, offence committed, skin color, gender, and duration of detention. The data was crosschecked with data from the state's Mortality Information System to identify deaths among former young offenders up to December 2014. The predominant offences were crimes against property and drug-related crimes. The large majority of youth detained for drug-related offences were admitted for offences related to drug trafficking. There was a seven-fold increase in drug-related offences over the period. Death was associated (p<0.001) with being male and number of reentries (>3). The sample's mortality rate was high and the main cause of death was homicide. The findings suggest that young offenders face high levels of psychosocial vulnerability. There was an association between minor crimes and high rates of mortality among former young offenders.

Penalización del aborto: violencia política y abusos de la memoria en Chile / Penalization of abortion: political violence and abuse of memory in Chile

Resumen Chile es uno de los seis países en el mundo en los cuales el aborto está criminalizado. Aunque ya en 1931 la legislación chilena permitía interrumpir embarazos en determinadas circunstancias, en 1989, al final de la dictadura militar de Pinochet, la legislación fue modificada, prohibiendo el aborto en toda circunstancia. Desde el retorno de la democracia al país hace 27 años, ningún Gobierno ha empujado una legislación que despenalice el aborto. En el 2015 la Presidenta Bachelet envió una moción al Parlamento para legislar el aborto en tres causales específicas. Aquella moción ha hecho surgir el ultraconservadurismo de la derecha y centroderecha chilena, quienes, intentando desvirtuar el debate público y legislativo, plantean que se trata de una estrategia para legalizar el aborto libre, comparando dicha figura con las muertes, torturas y desapariciones políticas de más de mil personas ocurridas durante la dictadura en nuestro país. Este artículo intenta dar cuenta de la situación legislativa, cultural, y del manejo biopolítico del aborto en Chile durante los últimos años.

Abstract Chile is one of the six countries in the world where abortion is criminalized. Although in 1931 chilean legislation allowed to interrupt pregnancies under certain circumstances, in 1989 and by the end of Pinochet's dictatorship, legislation was modified in order to forbid abortions under any circumstance. Since the return of democracy in the country 27 years ago, no government has pushed a legislation to decriminalize abortion. In 2015 President Bachelet sent a motion to the Parliament in order to legislate abortion in three specific cases. That motion has ignited the ultraconservadurism of the chilean right wing, who, trying to distort both public and legislative debate saying it is a strategy to allow abortions (not just under certain circumstances, as the presidential motion says), comparing this with deaths, torture and political disappearences of more than a thousand people occured during the dictatorship in our country. This article tries to make a review of the legislative and cultural situation, as well as the biopolitical management of the abortion in Chile over the last years.

Valoración médico legal de la persona privada de libertad con sida y/o tuberculosis / Legal medical assessment of the person deprived of liberty with AIDS and / or tuberculosis

Resumen:El SIDA y la Tuberculosis son patologías de gran importancia para la salud pública, cada año causan miles de muertes en todo el mundo. Las personas privadas de libertad presentan varios factores de riesgo que las hacen vulnerables a contraer estas enfermedades. En muchos casos el médico forense debe de realizar peritajes que orienten a la Autoridad Judicial a la hora de tomar decisiones importantes en cuanto a la permanencia o no, en un centro penal padeciendo de dichas enfermedades.

Abstract:AIDS and Tuberculosis are diseases of great importance to public health, each year cause thousands of deaths worldwide. The detainees have several risk factors that make them vulnerable to these diseases. In many cases the forensic must conduct expertise to guide the judicial authorities when making important decisions regarding the permanence or not, in a criminal center suffering from these diseases.

Socio-demographic profile & mental health problems of foreign detainees at the Bureau of Immigration Jail Taguig, Manila, November 2000

OBJECTIVE: Since foreign detainees suffer multiple stresses, this study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic profile of those at the Bureau of Immigration (BID) Jail in Bicutan, Taguig, and Metro Manila as well as identify some of their mental health problems. METHODOLOGY: Foreign detainees at the BID Jail were interviewed. Their socio-demographic profile, length of stay in the Philippines and in jail, reason for travel, problems encountered, crimes committed and health problems encountered while in the country were tabulated. The Self- Reporting Questionnaire and the Anticipatory Cognition Questionnaire were used for identifying psychiatric problems. RESULTS: Of the 42 subjects the mean age was 37 years old. The most predominant nationality among the detainees was that of Indians (26.2%). Among those who were married, 25 (83.3%) were married to Filipino citizens. The highest educational attainment of the subjects was college. The predominant religions were Islam and Christianity. Twenty-six (61.9%) have stayed in the Philippines for four years or more and 25 (59.5%) at the BID jail for less than a year. Among the reasons for travel, the most common reason given by 45.2 percent of the population was for business purposes. Problems encountered while in the Philippines pertained mostly to legal matters. Most of them were detained because of overstaying, with some having a concomitant criminal case. Half of the subjects denied having any medical problems other than dermatological illnesses (21.4%). More than half (52.4%) of the foreign detainees were SRQ positive while 50 percent showed depressive symptoms based on the ACQ, both suggesting the high prevalence of anxiety and depression among the detainees interviewed. Psychosis was also noted in 28.6 percent of the subjects included in the study. CONCLUSION: Considering the high prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and psychosis among the subjects interviewed at the BID jail, it would be an act of medical negligence as well as a human rights violation not to address these while they are still detained at the BID jail.