Apoyo social en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de cuatro comunidades de Oaxaca, México / Social support on diabetes mellitus type 2 on four communities in Oaxaca, Mexico

OBJETIVO: Comparar el apoyo social que reciben las personas con DM2 de cuatro comunidades del estado de Oaxaca, México METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal-descriptivo y comparativo, con una muestra de 152 pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de 20 a 65 años de cuatro comunidades del estado de Oaxaca; Pinotepa Nacional, San Lorenzo, San Andrés Huaxpaltepec y Santiago Jamiltepec. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de visitas domiciliarias, los domicilios fueron obtenidos de los centros de salud de cada municipio. RESULTADOS: de acuerdo con los hallazgos, la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, casadas y la educación promedio fue primaria terminada. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de apoyo social por IMC y por municipio. CONCLUSIONES: Es importante desarrollar intervenciones enfocados a la familia que permitan fortalecer los cambios de estilos de vida saludables, mejorar el manejo y control de la Diabetes mellitus tipo 2. De esta manera poder prevenir complicaciones a corto y largo plazo.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the social support that people with Diabetes mellitus type 2 receive on four communities in Oaxaca State, Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study, with a simple of 152 patients with Diabetes mellitus Type 2 of around 20 to 65 years old on four communities of Oaxaca; Pinotepa Nacional, San Lorenzo, San Andres Huaxpaltepec and Santiago Jamiltepec. It was a convenience sampling. Data gathering was made by home visits; their addresses were obtained by health centers of each municipality. RESULTS: In accordance with the discoveries, most of the participants were married women whose average education was completed. It was found major differences of social support per BMI and per municipality. CONCLUSION: It is important to develop interventions focused on family that allow strengthening the changes on healthy lifestyles, improve the management and control of Diabetes mellitus Type 2. Preventing complications at short and long terms by doing so.

Relationship between glomerular filtration rate and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 161 T2DM inpatients were enrolled in this study.There were 95 males (95 eyes) and 66 females (66 eyes),with an average age of (62.2±11.0) years.The average duration of diabetes was (14.8±7.9) years.The patients were grouped according to the degree of DR.Among them,91 patients were no DR,24 patients were mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR),24 patients were moderate NPDR,13 patients were severe NPDR and 9 eyes were proliferative DR (PDR).Severe NPDR and PDR were combine into severe DR group for statistical analysis.All patients underwent direct ophthalmoscope,fundus colorized photography,spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT),fasting blood-glucose,glycated hemoglobin and renal function examinations.GFR was evaluated by 99 mTcDTPA.DR degree was evaluated by direct ophthalmoscope and fundus colorized photography.Central subfield (CSF),central macular volume and mean retinal thickness (MRT) were measure by SD-OCT.The correlation between GFR and DR staging and macular retinal thickness were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between GFR and presence of DR.Results GFR was gradually decreased in patients with no DR,mild NPDR,moderate NPDR and severe DR (F=12.32,P＜0.001).Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that GFR was negatively correlated to CSF (r=-0.202,P=0.010);but no correlation with MRT (r=-0.087,P=0.272).Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that GFR was negatively correlated to DR staging (r=-0.325,P ＜ 0.001).The difference of DR prevalence rate in normal,slight abnormal renal function and renal insufficiency patients was significant (x2=12.32,P=0.002).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lower levels of GFR was significantly associated with presence of DR (95％ confidence interval=1.71-4.32,odds ratio=2.72,P＜0.001).Conclusion In T2DM patients,GFR is negatively correlated to DR staging and CSF.Lower GFR is independent risk factors for DR.