Fatores relacionados ao autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus atendidas em Serviço de Urgência no México / Factors related to self-care in diabetes mellitus patients attended at Emergency Service in Mexico / Factores relacionados al autocuidado de personas con diabetes mellitus atendidas en Servicio de Urgencia en México

Estudo transversal com os objetivos de determinar a capacidade de autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e relacionar tal capacidade com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Participaram 251 pessoas que ingressaram no Serviço de Urgência do Hospital Regional Mérida, em Yucatán, México, em 2006. Os dados foram obtidos mediante entrevista domiciliar dirigida, utilizando-se formulário, questionário e a Escala de Capacidade Autocuidado. Para a análise, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e correlacional. Os resultados mostraram que 83 (33,5 por cento) dos sujeitos apresentaram boa capacidade de autocuidado e 168 (66,5 por cento), capacidade regular. Obteve-se correlação diretamente proporcional entre capacidade de autocuidado e anos de estudo (r=0,124; p<0,05), mas negativa para religião (rs=-0,435; p<0,05) e tempo de evolução da doença (r=-0,667; p<0,05). Para a promoção do autocuidado em pessoas com diabetes faz-se necessário considerar essas variáveis, bem como desenvolver novos estudos que enfoquem outras variáveis envolvidas no comportamento adotado em benefício da saúde.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the self-care ability of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to relate this capacity with some sociodemographic and clinical variables. Participants were 251 patients who attended the Emergency Service at the Mérida Regional Hospital in Yucatán, Mexico, in 2006. Data were obtained through directed home interviews, using a form, a questionnaire and the Self-Care Capacity Scale. Descriptive and correlation statistics were used for data analysis. The results showed 83 (33.5 percent) subjects with good and 168 (66.5 percent) subjects with regular ability. A directly proportional correlation was found between self-care ability and years of study (r=0.124; p<0.05), as well as a negative correlation for religion (rs=-0.435; p<0.05) and evolution time of the disease (r=-0.667; p<0.05). These variables should be taken into account to promote self-care for diabetes patients, and further research needs to be developed with a focus on other variables involved in the behavior adopted to benefit their health.

Estudio transversal que tuvo como objetivos determinar la capacidad de autocuidado de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y relacionar tal capacidad con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Participaron 251 personas que ingresaron en el Servicio de Urgencia del Hospital Regional de Mérida, Yucatán, México, en 2006. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de entrevistas domiciliarias dirigidas, utilizándose formulario, cuestionario y Escala de Capacidad de Auto-cuidado. Para el análisis se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y correlacional. Los resultados mostraron que 83 (33,5 por ciento) de los sujetos exhibieron buena capacidad de autocuidado, y 168 (66,5 por ciento) capacidad regular. Se obtuvo correlación directamente proporcional entre capacidad de autocuidado y años de estudio (r=0,124; p<0,05) y negativa para religión (r5=-0,435; p<0,05) y tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad (r=-0,667; p<0,05). Para la promoción del autocuidado a la persona con diabetes se deben considerar tales variables, así como desarrollarse nuevos estudios que focalicen otras variables involucradas en el comportamiento adoptado en beneficio de su salud.

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver with plasma homocysteine and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanxi, China / 中华全科医师杂志

To investigate the relationship between plasma level of homocysteine(Hcy) and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene polyroorphism with non-alcoholic fatty liver in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In a case-control study, plasma levels of Hcy, folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (VitB12), glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured in 159 T2DM patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver ( NAFL), as well as 52 normal controls. Mutation of the C677T of MTHFR gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for all of them. Results Patients of T2DM both without NAFL (96 case) and with NAFL had higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) (49% and 21%, respectively ) than normal controls did (4 cases, 8% ) (P<0.05), while patients of T2DM with NAFL had higher prevalence of Hhcy than those without it did (P <0. 05). Plasma level of Hey positively correlated to genotype frequency of the MTHFR gene, plasma 0levels of HbAlc and FBG in patients of T2DM, with coefficients of correlation of 0.248, 0.423 and 0.242, respectively (P < 0.05). Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that course of the disease, body mass index, plasma levels of FBG and Hcy all were independent risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver in patients with T2DM. Conclusions Hhey was an independent risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver and plasma level of Hey was influenced by frequency of the TT genotype of the MTHFR gene, plasma levels of FA and VitB12, as well as metabolic disturbance in patients with T2DM.

The predicting effects of ACE gene and PAI-I gene polymorphisms on CCA-IMT progression in newly diagnosed T2DM / 中国医师杂志

Objective The study was to investigate the relationship among angiotensin 1-converting enzyme(ACE), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)gene polymorphisms and the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT), and the predicting effects of them on CCA-IMT in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods The polymorphisms of ACE (I/D) gene and PAI-I (4G/5G) gene were deter-mined by polymemse chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) method in 308 cases with T2DM. CCA-IMT was compared among the groups with different genotypes of ACE and PAI-1. The in-dependent or synergistic effects of the ACE I/D and PAI-1 40/5G polymorphisms on CCA-IMT in 308 patients with T2DM were analyzed with multivariate linear regression. Then the 156 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics (durations< I year) without AS received the maltifactorial targeted intervention, including taking aspirin and controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid and body weight. The differences of metabolic control, ACE (I/D) and PAId (40/5G) gene polymorphisms were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the eorrelation among the CCA-IMT, ACE (I/D) and PAI-1 (4G/5G) polymorphisms. Results Patients with ACE DD genotypes had higher CCA-IMT than those with ACE-Ⅱ or ACE ID genotypes. Patients with both ACE DD and PAI-1 404G genotypes had a higher CCA-IMT than those with any other pairs of genotypes. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that ACE DD and PAI-1 4G4G gene polymorphisms had synergistic effect on the CCA-IMT in T2DM patients. After 2 years multifactorial intervention, the frequencies of PAI-1 4G alleles and 404G genotypas were lower than those in the CCA-IMT non-inereasing group. Conclusions These findings indicate that the ACE-DD geno-type and its synergistic effects with the PAI-1 4G/4G genotype are independent risk factors for the CCA-IMT in T2DM patients. Under multi-factorial intervention for 2 years, PAI-1 4G/4G genotype may be a negative predictor for the progression of CCA-IMT in T2DM patients.