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RESUMEN Las enfermedades reumáticas son un grupo de afecciones que generan una gran variedad de manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones secundarias a la actividad clínica de la enfermedad. Entre los factores que pueden ayudar en el control de la actividad clínica destacan la adherencia farmacológica, el estado nutricional y la práctica de actividades físicas. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo dar a conocer las ventajas que ofrecen la orientación nutricional y la práctica sistemática de actividades físicas en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas, así como la forma adecuada de brindar consejo en ambas esferas. El reporte aporta los elementos metodológicos y pedagógicos que se deben cumplir en la orientación nutricional y de actividades físicas a los pacientes. Se concluye que la orientación nutricional y la práctica de actividades físicas es parte indispensable de los esquemas terapéuticos de los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas. Constituye un elemento fundamental para lograr el control de la actividad clínica de estas, así como del mejoramiento articular. Se exponen las recomendaciones generales y los elementos metodológicos que se debe seguir para brindar consejo nutricional y asesoría en actividades físicas encaminadas a su incorporación en el quehacer médico diario.
ABSTRACT Rheumatic diseases are a group of conditions that generate a wide variety of clinical manifestations and complications secondary to the clinical activity of the disease. Among the factors that are described can help in the control of clinical activity, drug adherence, nutritional status and the practice of physical activities stand out. The objective of this research was to present the advantages offered by nutritional counseling and the systematic practice of physical activities in patients with rheumatic diseases, as well as the appropriate way to provide advice in both spheres. The report provides the methodological and pedagogical elements that must be met in the nutritional and physical activity orientation of patients. It is concluded that nutritional guidance and the practice of physical activities is an indispensable part of the therapeutic schemes of patients with rheumatic diseases. It is a fundamental element to achieve control of the clinical activity of RD, as well as joint improvement. The general recommendations and the methodological elements that must be followed to provide nutritional advice and advice on physical activities aimed at their incorporation in the daily medical work are exposed.
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HumanosRESUMEN
Objective To discuss the effects of different exercise frequency and diet guidance for fat loss on obese patients, and to develop a safe and effective multidisciplinary intervention program for obese patients. Methods A total of 140 members of Ningbo Slimming Club were recruited, with the age between 18-60 years, body mass index (BMI) greater than 28 kg/m2, and they were randomly assigned to low frequency group and high frequency group. In low frequency group, the intervention was complete 100 minutes aerobic exercise and 3 times a week. In high frequency group, the intervention was complete 50 minutes of aerobic exercise and 6 times a week. Each group followed the same diet weight loss program. By comparing each index before and after the intervention, the effect of fat loss was evaluated. Results After intervention, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in two groups were decreased, and high density lipoprotein were increased (P<0.05) . Compared between the low frequency and high frequency exercise group, there were no significant difference for the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, BMI, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels (P>0.05), but body fat percentage in low frequency exercise group decreased significantly (P< 0.05) . Conclusion Diet intervention combined with exercise has a significant effect of fat loss on obese patients. Based on the same weekly aerobic exercise time, obese patients with low frequency of exercise had better fat loss than obese patients with high frequency of exercise.
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Objective To investigate the nutritional status of patients with chemotherapy after radical gastrectomy and to provide dietary guidance and nutritional support for patients in time. Methods Patients who received chamotherary after radical gastrectomy inthe Gastrointestinal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2014 to March 2016 were included in the study. The nutritional status was assessed by unified training investigators within 48 h after hospitalization. The questionnaires of Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Chemotherapy Side Effects of Patients with Gastric Cancer Questionnaire were used to investigatethe patients by trained investigators. Results The scores of the nutritional status of patients with different stages of chemotherapy were 6.107 ± 2.947, 6.505 ± 3.134, 8.068 ± 3.748, which was statistically significant (F=10.202, P<0.01). The incidence of anorexia was the highest rate of diet-related symptoms, the rate of early, mid-term and later chemotherapy rates were 34.95%(36/103), 56.31%(58/103), and 75.73%(78/103) respectively. Patients acquired the diet knowledge mainly from medical staff. The proportions of early, middle and later stages of chemotherapy were 92.23% (95/103), 79.61% (82/103), 75.73%(78/103). Conclusions With the increase of chemotherapy times, the nutritional status of patients with radical gastrectomy is getting worse. The results suggested that medical staff should provide an effective basis dietary guidance in time, improving the patients′nutritional status and clinical outcomes.
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This study was conducted to investigate whether there were any differences in the body image perception, dietary behavior and maternal dietary guidance between an obese group ("OG") and a normal weight group ("NWG"), and furthermore, to provide basic informations for comprehensive educational programs for obese children. For this purpose, the questionnaire method was used. The subjects were 1,501 elementary school children, in the 4th to the 6th grades in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Andong, and their mothers (1,459). The percentage of the children who misperceive their body image was higher among the girls (30.4%) than the boys (22.6%). The average scores for balanced dietary behavior as assessed by the children was higher in the OG than in NWG; the average scores for dietary control as assessed by their mothers was higher in the NWG than in the OG. The scores for dietary behavior as assessed by the children was different from those as assessed by their mothers. Assuming that the mothers would give more correct and balanced answers, the development of a reliable questionnaire for dietary behavior that could be more accurately answered by the children is necessary. Maternal dietary guidance for dietary control was more frequently given in the OG as compared with the NWG and more frequently in girls as compared with boys ; while that for balanced diet was more in the NWG as compared with the OG. The worse the mothers estimate of the dietary behavior for their children, the more they tried to guide their children in dietary behavior. It is recommended that the children should be taught to correctly recognize the degree of their obesity, and receive the appropriate educational program accordingly, including the maternal dietary guidance.