Meta-analysis of the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for maxillary molar distalization in adult patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.

Nuclear factor-KB signaling pathway and gender differences in alcoholic liver fibrosis / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway and gender differences in alcoholic liver fibrosis. Methods C57BL/6 N mice at 7-8 weeks of age were randomly divided into: male normal group, male model group, female normal group and female model group of 20 mice each. The normal group was fed with control liquid diet for 8 weeks, and the model group was fed with alcoholic liquid diet for 8 weeks combined with 31.5% ethanol gavage (5g/kg twice a week) to establish an alcoholic liver fibrosis model. The mice were executed at the end of 8 weekends, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, estradiol (E

Do Narcisismo das Pequenas Diferenças ao Gozo Narcísico / From the Narcissism of Small Differences to Narcissistic Jouissance / Del Narcisismo de las Pequeñas Diferencias al Goce Narcisista

A proposta desse ensaio é retomar a incursão de Freud, a partir da Primeira Guerra Mundial, na fonte do sofrimento que vem das relações entre os humanos, indicando a novidade que significou o conceito de narcisismo das pequenas diferenças na apreensão dos movimentos coletivos que declaram uma inócua expressão de hostilidade ao outro, ou os que promulgam ações destrutivas e mortíferas contra o outro eleito como seu inimigo absoluto. Com o advento da pulsão de morte, Freud redimensiona o conceito de narcisismo das pequenas diferenças e introduz a ideia de que a satisfação das pulsões que atingem a mais cega fúria de destruição, está conectada a um gozo [Genuß] narcísico. Esse gozo, na leitura de Lacan, é um mal porque comporta um mal à alteridade. É com esse legado que nos propomos pensar a extensão da psicanálise ao discurso decolonial e outros discursos contra hegemônicos, através do diálogo interdisciplinar, na leitura das linguagens de ódio que enfrentamos em nossa época.

The purpose of this essay is to resume Freud's incursion, from the First World War, on the source of the suffering that comes from the relationships between humans, indicating the novelty that meant the concept of narcissism of small differences in the apprehension of collective movements that declare an innocuous expression of hostility to the other, or those who enact destructive and deadly actions against the other chosen as their absolute enemy. With the advent of the death drive, Freud re-dimensions the concept of narcissism of small differences and introduces the idea that the satisfaction of drives that reach the blindest fury of destruction is connected to a narcissistic jouissance [Genuß]. This jouissance, in Lacan's reading, is an evil because it entails an evil to alterity. It is with this legacy that we propose to think about the extension of psychoanalysis to the decolonial discourse and other counter-hegemonic discourses, through interdisciplinary dialogue, in the reading of the languages of hate that we face in our time.

El propósito de este ensayo es retomar la incursión de Freud, desde la Primera Guerra Mundial, sobre el origen del sufrimiento que proviene de las relaciones entre los humanos, señalando la novedad que significó el concepto de narcisismo de las pequeñas diferencias en la aprehensión de los movimientos colectivos que declaran una expresión inocua de hostilidad hacia el otro, o los que ejecutan acciones destructivas y mortíferas contra el otro elegido como su enemigo absoluto. Con el advenimiento de la pulsión de muerte, Freud redimensiona el concepto de narcisismo de las pequeñas diferencias e introduce la idea de que la satisfacción de las pulsiones que alcanzan la más ciega furia de destrucción está ligada a un goce narcisista [Genuß]. Este goce, en la lectura de Lacan, es un mal porque implica un mal a la alteridad.Es con este legado que nos proponemos pensar la extensión del psicoanálisis al discurso decolonial y otros discursos contrahegemónicos, a través del diálogo interdisciplinario, en la lectura de los lenguajes de odio que enfrentamos en nuestro tiempo.

Adaptación al español del Ideal Partner and Relationship Scale (IPRS): evidencias sobre propiedades psicométricas

Introducción: Los estudios de preferencias de pareja han crecido ampliamente alrededor del mundo en los últimos años; no obstante, las pruebas psicológicas utilizadas en esta área no han sido adecuadamente adaptadas a contextos hispanohablantes. En esta investigación se adaptó al español una de las pruebas más frecuentemente usadas en el campo de la selección sexual humana: Ideal Partner and Relationship Scale (IPRS). Método: Se implementaron los siguientes procedimientos: (1) Traducción por pares, (2) Evaluación por expertos, (3) Aplicación inicial/validación (149 participantes), (4) Análisis de propiedades psicométricas, (5) Análisis confirmatorios con una muestra independiente (247 participantes). Resultados: Los análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la prueba IPRS (español), indican que el instrumento conserva una estabilidad similar a la versión inglesa. En la estructura interna se conserva una solución factorial de cinco dimensiones de preferencia: atractivo físico, calidez y confianza, estatus y recursos, inteligencia y habilidades sociales. Además, los indicadores de confiabilidad demuestran una consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal sobresaliente. Por último, los patrones de preferencia de los participantes revelan similitudes con lo reportado en investigaciones transculturales semejantes. Conclusiones: Las sobresalientes propiedades referidas a la evidencia reportada en este estudio, llevan a considerar que la adaptación de la prueba IPRS al español fue exitosa, como resultado del seguimiento de protocolos estrictos de validación.

Introduction: Mate preference studies have been growing worldwide in recent years; however, the psychological tests used in this area have not been adequately adapted to Spanish-speaking contexts. This study aims to adapt to Spanish one of the most frequently used tests in human sexual selection: Ideal Partner and Relationship Scale (IPRS). Method: The adaptation included the following procedures: (1) Translation by peers; (2) Evaluation by experts; (3) Initial application / Validation (149 participants); (4) Analysis of psychometric properties; and (5) Confirmatory analysis from an independent sample (247 participants). Results: We proceeded to create the final version of the test in Spanish through the information collected. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the IPRS test indicates that the instrument retains stability and consistency similar to the original English version. This new version conserved the factorial structure, which includes five preference dimensions (physical attractiveness, warmth and trust, status and resources, intelligence, and social skills). Similarly, reliability indicators demonstrate good internal and temporal stability. Finally, the participant's preference patterns are equivalent to what has been reported in cross-cultural mate research. Conclusions: The good properties of the collected evidence led to the conclusion that the adaptation of the Spanish IPRS test was successful, as a result of strict validation protocols.

Anxiety, emotions and threat perception in COVID-19 context: differences between Spanish teachers and students

Introduction: Our study compares the emotional impact of the first month of the lockdown on teachers and students due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, focusing on the variables of generalized anxiety, emotions, and perceived threat. Method: A non experimental design was applied, the sample consists of 452 participants (teachers = 188, young adult students = 264. Correlation analyses, a between-group design and effect size were carried out. Results: The results indicated that in crises or emergencies such as COVID-19, teachers and students have different emotional reactions. Students showed more generalized anxiety symptoms, more negative emotions, and fewer positive emotions. Teachers showed a higher degree of existential anxiety. Conclusion: Specific action plans should be developed for teachers and students. In addition, educational policies and teacher training programs should take the gender perspective into account when studying and planning a resilient educational system.

Introducción: Nuestro estudio compara el impacto emocional, entre profesores y estudiantes, durante el primer mes de cuarentena en España debido a la COVID-19, centrándonos en la ansiedad generalizada, emociones y percepción de amenaza. Método: Se aplicó un diseño no experimental, donde participaron 452 personas (profesores = 188, estudiantes adultos jóvenes = 264). Se realizaron análisis de correlación, diseños entre-grupos y tamaño del efecto. Resultados: Los resultados indican que durante crisis o emergencias como la COVID-19, los profesores y estudiantes tienen diferentes reacciones emocionales. Los estudiantes mostraron mayores síntomas de ansiedad generalizada, más emociones negativas y menos emociones positivas. Los profesores mostraron tener un alto grado de ansiedad existencial. Conclusión: Planes de acción específica deberían desarrollarse por separado para profesores y estudiantes. Además, las políticas educativas y los programas de formación de profesorado, deberían tener una perspectiva de género al estudiar y planificar un sistema educativo resiliente.

Envejecimiento saludable: un primer acercamiento a la revisión de indicadores subjetivos de salud en zonas urbanas y rurales en Costa Rica / Healthy aging: An initial review of subjective health indicators in urban and rural areas in Costa Rica

Resumen En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una primera aproximación al análisis del efecto moderador del contexto social, cultural y geográfico en indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable en personas mayores de 46 años residentes en territorios con características diferenciadas en Costa Rica. Se trabajó con una muestra de 305 personas residentes en tres áreas geográficas: una urbana, una semiurbana y una tercera principalmente rural. La diferenciación de las tres zonas se basó en criterios de densidad poblacional, infraestructura y acceso a bienes y servicios. Los indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable analizados fueron: participación social, apoyo social, salud percibida, espiritualidad, autoeficacia, comportamientos de autocuidado, bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción con la vida y bienestar psicológico) y estado de ánimo; todas las variables fueron condicionadas por zona de residencia, edad y sexo. Para analizar los indicadores subjetivos se estimó un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) o un análisis multivariado de covarianza (MANCOVA), dependiendo del número de variables dependientes analizadas. En general, se identificaron indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable altos en las personas participantes del estudio, quienes reportaron altos niveles de participación social, satisfacción con la vida y estados de salud y ánimo positivos. Se encontraron diferencias por edad entre los grupos. Sin embargo, no se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los indicadores subjetivos analizados según la zona de residencia o el sexo. En síntesis, este estudio encontró que los indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable analizados eran muy similares en residentes de tres zonas geográficas con características distintas. Estos hallazgos iniciales se discuten desde una perspectiva cultural y geográfica y en relación con los modelos de envejecimiento saludable.

Abstract This review exposes the results of a first approximation to the analysis of the moderator effect of the geographical, social, and cultural context on subjective indicators of healthy aging in the Costa Rican context. Costa Rica is a middle-income democratic country that is in an advanced demographic changing process; this phenomenon makes it one of the aged countries in the Latin American region. Therefore, studying healthy aging becomes relevant in the context of population demographic change in the present and future aging societies. The study compared several subjective indicators of healthy aging among people older than 46 who resided in three different geographical areas in the country. Participants were 305 healthy people from three locations: one urban (Heredia Central City), one semi-urban (Santa Ana Central City), and one mainly rural (Nicoya). Participants completed standardized assessment scales to evaluate social participation, social support, perceived health, spirituality, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and subjective well-being (life satisfaction and psychological well-being). All variables were conditioned by geographical zone (urban, semi-urban, and mainly rural), age, and gender. Either Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) or Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were estimated depending on the number of dependent variables analyzed to test the effect of the zone of residence, gender, and age, over the subjective indicator of healthy aging studied. In general, participants evidenced high scores on subjective indicators such as self-care, social support, spirituality, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, which have been associated with health and well-being during the aging process. Participants reported high levels of social participation and perceived that they received adequate support for their daily life needs. Likewise, participants evidenced a general state of well-being, a positive state of health, high levels of self-efficacy, and positive moods. Differences were found among the groups by comparing age. However, no significant differences were found in the variables studied related to geographical areas of residence and sex, suggesting invariant comparison evidence by zone of residence and sex. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the subjective indicators of healthy aging studied are key to promoting healthy aging at the national level. It is considered necessary to improve opportunities for social participation aimed at older adults, to strengthen community and family social networks, to promote socio-economic support such as financial and instrumental support for activities of daily living, and finally emotional support such as listening, empathy and advice. Although the differences among geographical areas of residence of the people studied were not statistically significant in this study, the evidence suggested a trend of high well-being indicators mainly in the rural areas studied, and particularly more in males than in females. As this study only reached preliminary data, further research must obtain conclusive evidence, as previous research had suggested older people living in rural areas with high longevity indicators in Costa Rica might enjoy unusual environmental characteristics and personal protective factors that could be absent in most of the urban areas in the country. On the other hand, it will be necessary to include the historical and socio-cultural determinants focusing on context-specific review analyses in the mainstream research on healthy aging, even more in aged countries like Costa Rica. The findings are discussed within the inter-cultural emphasis and healthy aging models in order to contribute to a better understanding of how the context (physical-constructed and social/cultural) influences the differences, although subtle, in the study´s variables and participants, and how the process of aging might be different according to the multiple contextual conditions in which people live and adapt their capacities and abilities for coping with daily life demands.

Measuring categorisation in pre-school children: new toolkit, new insights

Introduction: whilst recent years have witnessed considerable research into infant categorisation, its development during the pre-school period has garnered far less interest and innovation. Objective: this paper documents the development of a valid and reliable new toolkit for measuring categorisation in children, designed to allow fine-grained differentiation through four short tasks. Methods: the paper outlines how a pilot study with 55 children reduced confounding variables, ruled out several explanations for performance variations and enabled procedural refinements. It then documents a study conducted with 190 children aged 30-60 months. Results: this more sophisticated testing mechanism challenges previously accepted developmental norms and suggests both sex and socio-economic status (and their interaction) influence categorisational abilities in pre-schoolers. Conclusion: the results indicate that preschool children's ability to categorise varies markedly, with implications for their capacity to access formal education.

Introdução: embora nos últimos anos tenha havido pesquisas consideráveis sobre a categorização infantil, seu desenvolvimento durante o período pré-escolar atraiu muito menos interesse e inovação. Objetivo: este artigo documenta o desenvolvimento de um novo kit de ferramentas válido e confiável para medir a categorização em crianças, projetado para permitir diferenciação refinada por meio de quatro tarefas curtas. Método: o artigo descreve como um estudo piloto com 55 crianças reduziu variáveis de confusão, descartou várias explicações para variações de desempenho e permitiu refinamentos de procedimentos. Em seguida, documenta um estudo realizado com 190 crianças de 30 a 60 meses. Resultados: este mecanismo de teste mais sofisticado desafia as normas de desenvolvimento previamente aceitas e sugere que o sexo e o status socioeconômico (e sua interação) influenciam as habilidades de categorização em pré-escolares. Conclusão: os resultados indicam que a capacidade de categorização dos pré-escolares varia acentuadamente, com implicações na sua capacidade de acesso à educação forma

DIGITAL GAMING ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS STUDENTS OF ST. COLUMBA'S COLLEGE, HAZARIBAGH.

Digital gaming addiction has become a growing concern among adolescents, with potential gender differences in prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. The aims of the study to provide an outcome of existing tools on digital gaming addiction among adolescents, focusing specifically on gender differences. By examining key tools, the study explores the prevalence of gaming addiction among male and female adolescents, gender-related risk factors, and the differential impact of gaming addiction on various domains of well-being. The findings highlight the importance of considering gender-specific factors in understanding and addressing digital gaming addiction among adolescents.

Prevalence of lectures about dental esthetics and female speakers in three Brazilian conferences

Abstract This study analyzed the prevalence of lectures involving esthetics in the scientific program of Brazilian dental conferences and the gender distribution of speakers. All lectures presented in three dental conferences (Bahia, São Paulo, and Goiás states) held from 2016 to 2020 were evaluated. Three investigators individually divided the lectures according to the specialties recognized by the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry (FCD) based on their titles. The lectures were also classified as involving or not esthetics, and the speaker`s gender was recorded. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, and Chi-square tests assessed possible associations between factors. The words most cited in the titles of the lectures were "esthetic" (13.6%), "dentistry" (9.9%), and "treatment" (8.1%). Oral diseases were barely mentioned in the titles (up to 1.3%). The highest number of lectures was observed for the specialty of Restorative Dentistry (22.3%), followed by Prosthodontics (18.5%). Approximately one-third of lectures involved some aesthetic aspect, but this percentage ranged from 71.9 to 78.6% for the two specialties with more lectures. Regarding the speaker`s gender, the inequity was higher for lectures involving esthetics (81.6% of males) than for topics unrelated to esthetics (66.7%). More male speakers than females were observed for all specialties. The highest gender gap was observed for Pediatric Dentistry with 62.4% male speakers, although only 10.6% of FCD registered specialists were men. In conclusion, the Brazilian dental conferences analyzed seemed to favor offering lectures dealing with esthetic topics and male speakers.

Resumo Este estudo analisou a prevalência de palestras envolvendo estética na programação científica de congressos de Odontologia brasileiros, e a distribuição do gênero dos palestrantes. Todas as palestras apresentadas em três congressos de Odontologia (CIOBA, CIOGO, and CIOSP) entre 2016 e 2020 foram avaliadas. Três avaliadores utilizaram os títulos das palestras para dividi-las entre as especialidades reconhecidas pelo Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) do Brasil. As palestras foram também classificadas como envolvendo ou não estética, e o gênero do palestrante foi registrado. Análises estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas, e testes de Qui-quadrado avaliaram possíveis interações entre fatores. A palavra mais citada nos títulos das palestras foi "estética" (13,6%), seguido por "odontologia" (9,9%) e "tratamento" (8,1%). Doenças orais foram raramente mencionadas nos títulos (até 1,3%). O maior número de palestras foi observado para a especialidade de Dentística (22,3%), seguido por Prótese Dental (18,3%). Aproximadamente um terço das palestras envolviam algum aspecto estético, com porcentagens entre 71,9 a 78,6% para as duas especialidades com mais palestras. Em relação ao gênero do palestrante, a inequidade foi maior para palestras envolvendo estética (81,6% de homens) que para tópicos não relacionadas à estética (66,7%). Mais palestrantes do sexo masculino que feminino foram observados para todas as especialidades. A maior discrepância entre os gêneros foi observada para Odontopediatria, uma especialidade com 62,4% dos palestrantes do sexo masculino, embora apenas 10,6% dos especialistas registrados no CFO eram homens. Como conclusão, os congressos de Odontologia Brasileiros parecem preferir palestras abordando tópicos de estética e palestrantes do sexo masculino.

DO THE INDUSTRY AFFILIATION OF A COMPANY IMPACT ITS EFFECTIVE TAX RATE? - AN ANALYSIS OF INDIAN FIRMS

There are various determinants of the Effective Tax Rate of a company. This study attempts to ?nd out whether industry association impact Effective Tax Rates. Tax Rates and Tax Laws are speci?c to jurisdictions, and the results may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The study focuses on Indian conditions to examine the relationship between industry classi?cation and the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) of companies. The study covers the standalone ?nancials of the top 500 listed companies. Results show a signi?cant impact of the industry association on the Average Effective Tax Rate

Morphological characteristics and motor abilities differences: first and second Montenegrin league female volleyball players / Características morfológicas y diferencias en habilidades motoras de jugadoras de voleibol de la primera y segunda liga montenegrina

SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in morphological characteristics and motor abilities of the first and second league female volleyball players. The sample comprised of 20 players of the first and 20 players of the second league. Only those female volleyball players who completed the whole measurement program were included in the sample. Subjects underwent measurement of morphological characteristics (7 variables) and motor abilities (8 variables). Statistically significant differences were determined with t-test for independent samples. The results of the research show that there are no statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities of the first and second league female volleyball players. The difference was found only in the variable for assessing balance in favor of first league female volleyball players.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las características morfológicas y habilidades motoras de las jugadoras de voleibol de primera y segunda liga. La muestra estuvo conformada por 20 jugadores de primera y 20 jugadores de segunda liga. Solo se incluyeron en la muestra aquellas jugadoras de voleibol que completaron todo el programa de medición. Los sujetos se sometieron a la medición de las características morfológicas (7 variables) y habilidades motoras (8 variables). Las diferencias estadísticamente significativas se determinaron con la prueba t para muestras independientes. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que no existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las características morfológicas y habilidades motrices de las jugadoras de voleibol de primera y segunda liga. La diferencia se encontró solo en la variable para evaluar el equilibrio a favor de las jugadoras de voleibol de primera división.

Time Perspective and Decision-Making: A Study on Decisional Patterns in Argentinian Adults / Perspectiva temporal y toma de decisión: un estudio sobre patrones decisionales en adultos argentinos / Perspectiva temporal e tomada de decisão: um estudo sobre padrões decisórios em adultos argentinos

The first aim of this study was to adapt the mdmq to Argentinian Spanish and to collect evidence of its va-lidity and reliability; the second was to determine if time perspectives were adequate predictors of decision-making styles. A first sample of 536 participants served in the validation process; a second sample of 209 individuals who completed the mdmq and the Brief Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ztpi) was used to conduct descriptive-correlational and regression analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated a fourfactor model with adequate internal consistency for each subscale. Regression analyses showed that future time perspective positively predicted the display of higher vigilant coping patterns ­adaptive and ratio-nal decision-making style­. Meanwhile, less future- time-oriented people were more likely to engage in defensive avoidance mechanisms to reach a decision. Past-negative and present-fatalistic time perspectives were positive predictors of non-vigilant decision-making style. It indicates that individuals with an aversive vision over their past experiences and present situation are more likely to engage in emotionally based and avoidant decision-making patterns. These findings support the reliability and construct-related validity of the mdmq for assessing decision-making styles among Argentinian individuals and set a step for con-ducting more in-depth research in the field of decision-making and time perspective.

El primer objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar el mdmq al español argentino y recolectar evidencia de su validez y confiabilidad; el segundo fue determinar si las perspectivas temporales eran predictores adecuados de los estilos de toma de decisiones. Una primera muestra de 536 participantes sirvió para el proceso de validación y una segunda muestra de 209 individuos completó el mdmq y el Brief Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ztpi), para un análisis descriptivo-correlacional y de regresión. El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró un modelo de cuatro factores con adecuada consistencia interna para cada subescala. Los análisis de regresión mostraron que la perspectiva del tiempo futuro predijo positivamente la aparición de patrones de afrontamiento más vigilantes ­estilo de toma de decisiones adaptativo y racional­, mientras que las personas que estaban menos orientadas al tiempo futuro tenían más probabilidades de involucrarse en mecanismos de evitación defensiva para tomar una decisión. Las perspectivas temporales negativas del pasado y fatalistas del presente fueron predictores positivos del estilo de toma de decisiones no vigilante, lo que indicaría que las personas con una visión aversiva sobre sus experiencias pasadas y la situación presente, son más propensas a involucrarse en tipos de toma de decisiones basadas en emociones y evasivas. Estos hallazgos respaldan la confiabilidad y la validez relacionada con el constructo del mdmq para evaluar los estilos de toma de decisiones entre los argentinos y marcan un paso para realizar investigaciones más profundas en el campo de la toma de decisiones y la perspectiva temporal.

O primeiro objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar o mdmqpara o espanhol argentino e coletar evidências de sua validade e confiabilidade; a segunda foi determinar se as perspectivas de tempo eram preditores adequados dos estilos de tomada de decisão. Uma primeira amostra de 536 participantes foi usada para o processo de va-lidação e uma segunda amostra de 209 indivíduos completarou o mdmq e o Brief Zimbardo Time Perspec-tive Inventory (ztpi) e foi usada para realizar análises descritivas-correlacionais e de regressão. A análise fatorial confirmatória corroborou um modelo de quatro fatores com consistência interna adequada para cada subescala. As análises de regressão mostraram que a perspectiva do tempo futuro previu positivamente o surgimento de padrões de enfrentamento mais vigilantes ­estilos de tomada de decisão racionais e adaptativos­ enquanto as pessoas menos orientadas para o futuro eram mais propensas a se envolver em mecanismos de enfrentamento de evasão defensiva para tomar uma decisão. Perspectivas temporais negativas do passado e fatalistas do presente foram preditores positivos do estilo de tomada de decisão não vigilante, indicando que pessoas com uma visão aversiva de suas experiências passadas e da situação presente são mais propensas a se envolver em tipos de tomada de decisão baseadas em emoções e padrões evasivos. Essas descobertas apoiam a confiabilidade e a validade relacionada ao construto do mdmq para avaliar os estilos de tomada de decisão entre os argentinos e marcam um importante passo para realizar pesquisas mais profundas no campo da tomada de decisão e perspectiva de tempo.

Comparison of exploratory behavior of male and female woodlice (Armadillidium vulgare)

There are several studies in the literature showing that male and female rats explore novel environments and exhibit different exploration patterns when submitted to different apparatuses. In general, female rats spend more time moving and exploring the apparatuses than males do. A previous study showed that male woodlice (Armadillidium vulgare) explore novel environments in a very similar way to male rats (Rattus norvegicus) when tested in apparatuses analogous to the open-field test and light/dark box. Since that study was conducted only with male rats and woodlice, and since they exhibited very similar patterns of behavior, the present experiment aimed at investigating whether male and female woodlice explore novel environments with different behavioral patterns. Female and male woodlice were tested in the open-field and in the dry/moist box. Results obtained in the open-field test showed that both males and females remained longer in the corners than along the walls and avoided staying in the center. However, females remained longer along the walls and less in the corners. In the dry/moist box, there were no significant differences between the sexes: both females and males remained significantly longer in the moist compartment.

Educação física que não escolhe, acolhe / La educación física que no elige, da la bienvenida / Physical education that does not choose welcomes

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como professores de Educação Física que atuam inspirados pelo currículo cultural abordam as diferenças em suas práticas pedagógicas. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com enfoque etnometodológico e norteado pela teoria queer. Participaram da pesquisa quatro professores de Educação Física do Colégio Pedro II. O método de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizaram-se os cinco conceitos-chave da etnometodologia como categorias a priori para auxiliar na compreensão e análise dos dados. Justifica-se este estudo em função dos vários caminhos didático-pedagógicos culturalmente orientados que impedem o devir da imprevisibilidade das diferenças. Concluímos que o aporte teórico queer potencializa o poder de reflexão e contestação do currículo cultural de Educação Física, pois evita que ações docentes a favor de identidades e grupos marginalizados se transformem em novos essencialismos.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender cómo los profesores de Educación Física que trabajan inspirados en el currículo cultural abordan las diferencias en sus prácticas pedagógicas. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque etnometodológico, guiado por la teoría queer. Participaron en la investigación cuatro profesores de Educación Física del Colegio Pedro II. El método de recogida de datos fue la entrevista semiestructurada. Los cinco conceptos clave de la etnometodología se utilizaron como categorías a priori para ayudar a comprender y analizar los datos. Este estudio se justifica por el hecho de que varias vías didáctico-pedagógicas culturalmente orientadas impiden el devenir de la imprevisibilidad de las diferencias. Concluimos que el aporte teórico queer potencia el poder de reflexión y contestación del currículo cultural de la Educación Física, porque evita que las acciones docentes a favor de las identidades y grupos marginados se conviertan en nuevos esencialismos.(AU)

The objective of this study is to understand how Physical Education teachers who work inspired by the cultural curriculum approach the differences in their pedagogical practices. This is a qualitative study, with an ethnomethodological approach and guided by queer theory. Four Physical Education teachers from Colégio Pedro II participated in the research. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview. The five key concepts of ethnomethodology were used as a priori categories to help understand and analyze the data. This study is justified by the fact that several culturally oriented didactic-pedagogical paths impede the becoming of unpredictability of differences. We conclude that the queer theoretical framework enhances the power of reflection and contestation of the cultural curriculum of Physical Education, because it prevents that teaching actions in favor of marginalized identities and groups become new essentialisms.(AU)

The association between social support and self-rated health in midlife: are men more affected than women? / Associação entre suporte social e autoavaliação de saúde na meia-idade: seriam os homens mais afetados que as mulheres? / La asociación entre el apoyo social y la autoevaluación de salud en la mediana edad: ¿se afectan los hombres más que las mujeres?

Abstract: Social support from family and friends is recognized as an important social determinant of health, given its protective effects on individuals' physical and mental well-being. While most studies have focused on older adults, investigating midlife health is equally crucial since middle-aged individuals are also susceptible to the harmful health outcomes of inadequate social support from friends and family. This study contributes to the debate by examining whether social support is associated with self-rated health among middle-aged Brazilian adults and how this relationship varies between men and women. Using data from the nationwide Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2019, logistic regression models were employed to assess differences in self-rated health, accounting for confounding factors. The sample comprised 31,926 middle-aged adults, of which 52.5% were women. The overall prevalence of poor self-rated health was 40.7%, with a significant difference between men and women. Results from this study suggest that having no friends or family members to rely on, both during good and challenging times, was associated with poorer self-rated health. However, the strength of this association differs by gender, with social support from friends playing a more critical role in women's self-rated health. On the other hand, family support was associated with male self-rated health, particularly for men with three or more family members they can rely on. Future studies should consider cultural and contextual factors to better understand other dimensions of social support and its association with midlife health.

Resumo: O suporte social de familiares e amigos é reconhecido como um importante determinante social da saúde com base em seus efeitos protetores sobre o bem-estar físico e mental dos indivíduos. Embora a maioria das pesquisas tenha se concentrado em adultos mais velhos, investigar a saúde na meia-idade é igualmente crucial, já que estes indivíduos também são suscetíveis aos resultados prejudiciais à saúde decorrentes do suporte social inadequado de amigos e familiares. Este estudo contribui para o debate ao examinar se o suporte social está associado à autoavaliação da saúde entre adultos brasileiros de meia-idade e como essa relação varia entre homens e mulheres. Usando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada em 2019, modelos de regressão logística foram empregados para avaliar diferenças na autoavaliação da saúde, contabilizando fatores de confusão. A amostra foi composta por 31.926 adultos de meia-idade, dos quais 52,5% eram mulheres. A prevalência geral de autoavaliação de saúde ruim foi de 40,7%, com diferença significativa entre homens e mulheres. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que não ter amigos ou familiares com quem contar em momentos bons ou desafiadores esteve associado à pior autopercepção de saúde. No entanto, a força dessa associação difere de acordo com o gênero, sendo que o suporte social de amigos desempenha um papel mais importante na autoavaliação da saúde das mulheres do que na dos homens. Por outro lado, o apoio familiar esteve associado à autoavaliação da saúde masculina, particularmente para homens com três ou mais membros da família com quem podem contar. Estudos futuros devem considerar fatores culturais e contextuais para compreender melhor outras dimensões do suporte social e sua associação com a saúde na meia-idade.

Resumen: El apoyo social de la familia y de amigos se reconoce como un importante determinante social de salud basado en sus efectos protectores sobre el bienestar físico y mental de los individuos. Aunque la mayoría de las investigaciones se ha centrado en adultos mayores, investigar la salud en la mediana edad también es esencial, una vez que estos individuos también son susceptibles a los resultados perjudiciales para la salud resultantes de un apoyo social inadecuado de amigos e de la familia. Este estudio contribuye al debate al investigar si el apoyo social está asociado con la autoevaluación de salud entre adultos brasileños de mediana edad y cómo esa relación varía entre hombre y mujeres. Usando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud realizada en 2019, se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para evaluar diferencias en la autoevaluación de salud, contabilizando factores de confusión. La muestra se compuso de 31.926 adultos de mediana edad, de los cuales el 52,5% eran mujeres. La prevalencia general de autoevaluación de mala salud fue del 40,7%, con diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que no tener amigos o familiares en los que confiar en buenos o malos momentos se asoció con la peor autopercepción de salud. Sin embargo, la fuerza de esa asociación es diferente según el género, ya que el apoyo social de amigos es más importante en la autoevaluación de salud de las mujeres que en la autoevaluación de los hombres. Por otro lado, el apoyo familiar se asoció con la autoevaluación de la salud masculina, particularmente para hombres que tenían tres o más personas de la familia en los que confiar. Estudios futuros deben tener en cuenta factores culturales y contextuales para mejor comprender otras dimensiones del apoyo social y su asociación con la salud en la mediana edad.

Differences in decisions affected by cognitive biases: examining human values, need for cognition, and numeracy

Abstract A better understanding of factors that can affect preferences and choices may contribute to more accurate decision-making. Several studies have investigated the effects of cognitive biases on decision-making and their relationship with cognitive abilities and thinking dispositions. While studies on behaviour, attitude, personality, and health worries have examined their relationship with human values, research on cognitive bias has not investigated its relationship to individual differences in human values. The purpose of this study was to explore individual differences in biased choices, examining the relationships of the human values self-direction, conformity, power, and universalism with the anchoring effect, the framing effect, the certainty effect, and the outcome bias, as well as the mediation of need for cognition and the moderation of numeracy in these relationships. We measured individual differences and within-participant effects with an online questionnaire completed by 409 Brazilian participants, with an age range from 18 to 80 years, 56.7% female, and 43.3% male. The cognitive biases studied consistently influenced choices and preferences. However, the biases showed distinct relationships with the individual differences investigated, indicating the involvement of diverse psychological mechanisms. For example, people who value more self-direction were less affected only by anchoring. Hence, people more susceptible to one bias were not similarly susceptible to another. This can help in research on how to weaken or strengthen cognitive biases and heuristics.

O estudo das diferenças individuais por alfred binet e sua circulação em minas gerais (1925-1940)1 / The study of individual differences by alfred binet and its circulation in minas gerais (1925-1940)

RESUMO Este estudo analisa os pressupostos do pesquisador francês Alfred Binet (1857-1911) sobre as diferenças individuais a partir de livros e artigos que produziu a respeito do assunto entre 1895 e 1909 e que fundamentaram a elaboração da primeira escala métrica Binet-Simon em 1905. Em seguida, identifica quais elementos de suas elaborações circularam e como foram apropriados, no contexto das reformas educacionais em Minas Gerais nas décadas de 1920 a 1940. A pesquisa se desenvolveu no diálogo entre a História da Psicologia e a História da Educação, mobilizando conceitos da historiografia, como o de intelectuais, redes de sociabilidade e apropriação. A pesquisa documental envolveu a análise dos primeiros livros publicados por Binet e as matérias publicadas na Revista do Ensino, órgão oficial do governo de Minais Gerais, nas quais se tratava sobre as diferenças individuais e sobre o uso dos testes nas escolas. Foi observada a tensão envolvendo a desconfiança e o entusiasmo em relação aos novos métodos para aferir as diferenças individuais; a apropriação da escala métrica adaptada nos Estado Unidos, cujos princípios eram criticados por Binet; a pouca ênfase nas dimensões sociais e culturais dos diferentes grupos sociais, que estava entre as preocupações centrais do autor.

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the assumptions of the French researcher Alfred Binet (1857-1911) about individual differences from his books and articles about the topic between 1895 and 1909, which grounded the elaboration of the first Binet-Simon metric scale in 1905. Next, it identifies which elements of their elaborations circulated and how they were appropriated, in the context of educational reforms in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the decades from 1920 to 1940. The research was developed in the dialog between the History of Psychology and the History of Education, mobilizing concepts from the historiography, such as intellectuals, sociability networks and appropriation. The documental research involved the analysis of the first books published by Binet and the articles published at Revista do Ensino, an official body of the Minas Gerais government, which dealt with the individual differences and the use of tests in schools. It was observed the tension involving distrust and enthusiasm regarding the new methods to measure individual differences; the appropriation of the metric scale adapted in the United States, whose principles were criticized by Binet; and the little emphasis given to social and cultural dimensions of different social groups, which was among the author's main concerns.

Feminidades y masculinidades relacionadas con el tráfico de drogas en Sonora, México / Femininities and masculinities related to drug trafficking in Sonora, Mexico / Femininidades e masculinidades relacionadas ao tráfico de drogas em Sonora, México

Este estudio busca describir elementos de masculinidad y feminidad relacionados en el ingreso y el accionar en una actividad delictiva de alto impacto: el tráfico de drogas. Respetando una metodología cualitativa, se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada a un grupo de personas que se dedicaron al tráfico de drogas en el estado de Sonora, México, dos mujeres y siete hombres, para explorar elementos de feminidad y masculinidad relacionados con el ingreso al tráfico de drogas en cuatro dimensiones: poder, economía, estética y cuerpo. Se muestra que los analizados buscan en el tráfico cumplir con modelos impuestos socialmente en función de su género; existen también diferenciaciones que sugieren una revalorización en sus maneras de ejercer el poder, sus metas económicas y el uso del cuerpo para obtener cuotas de poder.

This study seeks to describe elements of masculinity and femininity related to entering and acting in a high-impact criminal activity: drug trafficking. Following a qualitative methodology, a semi-structured interview was used with a group of people involved in drug trafficking in the state of Sonora, Mexico, two women and seven men, to explore elements of femininity and masculinity related to entering drug tra-fficking in four dimensions: power, economy, aesthetics and body. It is shown that those analyzed seek in trafficking to comply with socially imposed models based on their gender; there are also differentiations that suggest a revaluation in their ways of exercising power, their economic goals and the use of the body to obtain power quotas.

Este estudo procura descrever elementos de masculinidade e feminilidade relacionados à entrada e operação em uma atividade criminosa de alto impacto: o tráfico de drogas. Seguindo uma metodologia qualitativa, foi utilizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada com um grupo de pessoas envolvidas no tráfico de drogas no estado de Sonora, México, duas mulheres e sete homens, para explorar elementos de feminilidade e masculinidade relacionados ao ingresso no tráfico de drogas em quatro dimensões: poder, economia, estética e corpo. Mostra-se que os analisados procuram no tráfico cumprir modelos socialmente impostos com base em seu gênero; há também diferenciações que sugerem uma revalorização em suas formas de exercer o poder, seus objetivos econômicos e o uso do órgão para obter cotas de poder.

Sexuality and fertility desire in a large cohort of individuals with 46, XY differences in sex development

Abstract Objective: To analyze aspects of sexual life and fertility desire among 46, XY DSD people, including those who changed their gender. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study including 127 adults (> 16 years of age) with 46, XY DSD (83 females; 44 males) from a Single Brazilian Tertiary-Care Medical Center. Results: Sexual fantasies and masturbation were more frequent in 46, XY DSD males, whereas orgasm and sexual life satisfaction were similar in both genders. More 46, XY DSD men than women had a long-term romantic relationship. 46, XY DSD women with prenatal androgen exposure reported more fear of being romantically rejected. External genitalia appearance at birth did not impact the sexuality of 46, XY DSD women after surgical genital treatment had been completed. Overall, the sexual life was similar between 46, XY men assigned as males and those who changed to the male gender. Regarding sexual orientation, most self-reported as heterosexual (91% and 92% of women and men, respectively). The desire for fertility had a similar prevalence in both genders, but more women than men considered infertility a barrier to a long-term romantic relationship. Twelve individuals (7 males) had children; 10 out of 12 have adopted children. Conclusion: Fertility desire was shared among 46, XY DSD people, regardless of gender. Prenatal androgen exposure reduced the desire for motherhood in 46, XY women. 46, XY DSD people who changed from female to male gender presented similar sexual parameters as those assigned as males. Among females, virilized genitalia at birth did not affect sexuality once the surgical treatment is completed.

Agreement study of anterior segment parameters measured by two kinds of ocular biometry based on imaging principle of Scheimpflug / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the differences and agreement of anterior segment biometric parameters of myopic patients measured by domestic Scansys and the imported Sirius based on the principle of Scheimpflug imaging technique.METHODS: In this case series study, 103 cases(103 eyes)that underwent pre-refractive surgery(including small incision lenticule extraction, femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy and implantable contact lens implantation)at Aier Excellent Eye Hospital from May 2022 to October 2022 were recruited. Preoperative keratometry(Km), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACDEndo.), anterior chamber angle(ACA), anterior chamber volume(ACV), white to white(WTW)of patients were recorded.RESULTS: The results of Km, CCT, ACA, and WTW measured by Scansys and Sirius were 42.88(41.54, 44.60)and 42.98(41.56, 44.52)D,(541.52±29.08)and(549.55±29.62)μm, 42.70°±2.67° and 46.63°±5.13°, 12.10±0.60 and 11.98±0.47 mm, respectively, showing the difference was statistically significant(all P&#x003C;0.01). The ACV measured by Scansys and Sirius was 194.26±31.06 and 191.47±25.65 mm3, and ACDEndo. was 3.40(3.17, 3.57)and 3.43(3.19, 3.56)mm, with no statistically significant difference(all P&#x003E;0.05). The range of Km, CCT, ACA, ACDEndo., ACV and WTW values measured by the two instruments was small, with an average difference close to zero, and the points percentage of 95% limits of agreement(LoA)was &#x003C;5%, which is of good consistency.CONCLUSIONS: Scansys and Sirius have small differences and good agreement in the parameters, which can be replaced by each other in clinical practice. Scansys could theoretically be used to extrapolate the implantable contact lens model or could be a new option for anterior segment parameter measurements.