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Aim To study the variations of endogenous differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in PF rat model induced by bleomycin based on GC-MS.Methods The rat model for pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin.Model rats were randomly divided into 7 days group of PF model(M7), 14 days group of model(M14), 21 days group of model(M21)and 28 days group of model(M28), with 6-8 rats in each group.On the 8th, 15th, 22nd and 29th days of the modeling, the rat model was evaluated by histopathology and hydroxyproline(HYP)detection.The non-targeted metabolomics was studied by GC-MS in order to find the related metabolites in the serum of PF rats and the metabolic pathways were analysed by MetaboAnalyst.Results Compared with control group, the phenomenon of rat lung lesions gradually appeared in each model group(M7, M14, M21, M28)with the modeling process.9, 14, 35, and 13 statistically significant metabolites were screened and identified respectively in M7, M14, M21 and M28.Among them, glycerol and phosphate were the early significant changes of pulmonary fibrosis.3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, alanine, galactonic acid, and serine changed significantly in the later stages of pulmonary fibrosis, and linoleic acid was the common main different metabolite.The main pathways affecting metabolism involved lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism.Conclusion Abnormal amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism are the main metabolic characteristics during the formation and development of PF by BLM.
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@#AIM:To study the clinical efficacy of phase Ⅱ minimally invasive vitreous surgery in different stages in treatment of open ocular trauma with retinal detachment.<p>METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 41 patients(41 eyes)with open eye trauma combined with retinal detachment from December 2013 to June 2018 in the Ophthalmology Department of Xiaolan People's Hospital of Zhongshan. According to the opportunity of phase Ⅱ vitrectomy, 41 eyes were divided into two groups: 24 eyes in the early group(6d after injury)and 17 eyes in the conventional group(7-14d after injury). Postoperative follow-up with 6mo as the time point, the retinal reattachment rate, TPVR incidence, visual acuity and complications were compared between the two groups.<p>RESULTS: The retinal reduction rate was 92% in the early group and 76% in the conventional group, and the difference was not statistically significant, there was no statistical difference(<i>P</i>=0.692)in retinal reduction rate between the two groups. The incidence of TPVR in the early group was lower than that in the conventional group(<i>P</i>=0.014). The improvement of postoperative visual acuity in early group was better than the conventional group(<i>U</i>=119.5,<i> P</i>=0.0018). There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups.<p>CONCLUSION: Open ocular trauma patients with retinal detachment have better prognosis after phase Ⅱ vitrectomy within 6d after injury than 7-14d.
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Aim Toresearchthemolecularmecha-nisms of adriamycin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis based on β-adrenoceptor signaling pathway during de-velopmentofheartfailure.Methods SeventymaleSD rats were assigned randomly into two groups:the con-trol group(CON,n=30)and the ADR-induced cardio-toxicity group (ADR,n =40 ).ADR was administered intraperitoneally in five equal injections (each contai-ning 3 mg·kg-1 )over a period of two weeks,with a total cumulative dose of 15 mg · kg-1 body weight. Age-matched rats injected with saline were used as controls.The general condition of all rats was observed, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed im-mediately following the final ADR injection,and then every other week.Serum and myocardial tissue were harvested at W2,W4 and W6 separately.The serum contents of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and cardiac troponin-T(cTn-T)were analyzed by euzymelinked im-munosorbent assay (ELISA ).The pathological change and apoptosis were determined by HE,Masson and ter-minal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).The protein expressions ofβ1-AR,β2-AR,PKA and CaMK Ⅱ were detectedbyWesternblot.Results FollowingthefinalADRin-jection,cardiac systolic function and SV declined, which was accompanied by marked atrophy of the heart,low levels of cardiomyocyte fibrosis and apopto-sis,significantly increased serum BNP and cTn-T and decreased β1-AR,PKA and CaMK Ⅱ protein expres-sion.However,cardiac systolic function was improved with the extension of time but remained depressed as compared to CON group.The serum BNP and cTn-T concentration kept on rising.The gradual aggravation apoptosis and concomitant fibrosis in the ADR group heart were observed following ADR withdrawal.β1-AR protein expression was continuously down-regulated,β2-AR protein expression unchanged.Expression of PKA and CaMKⅡ proteins in hearts from ADR-injec-ted rats gradually increased.Conclusion β-AR/PKA/CaMKⅡ signaling pathway mediates cardiomyo-cyte apoptosis during the progress of ADR-induced car-diac dysfunction and pathological remodeling and apop-tosis.
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[Objective] To introduce the Professor SHI Yanping's experience in treating adenomyosis with traditional Chinese medicine. [Methods]Through clinical learning with the teacher and systematic reading literatures about adenomyosis, the author summarized the teacher 's academic thoughts and clinical treating experience of the disease from the etiology and pathogenesis,fundamental law of treatment ,and medication characteristics,and one proven case was presented respectively.[Result] Professor SHI thinks the basic pathogenesis of adenomyosis is deficiency of kidney and blood stasis, accompanied by phlegm dampness, the proof is vacuity, treatment should be staged in terms of different periods:non menses-paying attention to eliminating mass and strengthening the body resistance, creatingNei Yi Ting Fang;menses-paying attention to regulating qi and blood by warming drugs, makingXin Gui Zhi Tong Fang;and at the same time,we have to pay attention to the adjustment of life style.All those lead to a good clinical effect. [Conclusion] The rich experience of Professor SHI in treating this disease might be worthy of promotion and learning,which has a good effect on relieving the discomforts and improving the quality of life in patients.
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AIM: To analyze the change of serum inflammatory factors in glaucoma patients at different stages and its clinical significance. ·METHODS:Totally 70 cases of 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma in our hospital from January 2014 to August 2016 were selected. According to the mean defect of visual field, they were divided into light ( observation Group 1 ) , moderate ( observation Group 2 ) and heavy group(observation Group 3). Another 65 cases of 130 eyes with cataract were taken as the control group in our hospital. The observation and expression of serum cytokines in these patients with glaucoma were taken. ·RESULTS:There was no significant difference in serum IL-2 and IFN- γlevels between the two groups (P>0. 05). The sIL-2R and IL-4 levels in the glaucoma group were higher than those in the control group, and the levels of IL-6 and IL-12 were lower than those of the control group (P0. 05). To observe the low myopia ratio in Group 3 of patients, it was less than observation Group 1 and observation Group2 ( P > 0. 05 ). There was no statistically significant difference between observation Group 1 and 2 of patients on IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γlevels (P>0. 05). The level of sIL-2R in the Group 3 was higher than that in the Group 1, and the level of IL-12 was lower than that in the Group 1 and in the Group 2 (P0. 05). The IOP level and the proportion of myopia in the Group 3 were higher than those in the Group 1 and the Group 2 were observed, the difference was statistically significant (P0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: The levels of serum IL-12, sIL-2R and intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma fluctuated significantly at different stages of the nerve injury, indicating that the immune response and intraocular pressure were involved in the process of optic nerve damage.
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[Objective]To explore Professor YUAN Bin's experiences on treating Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children from five zang-organs. [Methods] Through introducing the Professor 's experience on treating Henoch-Schonlein purpura from "asthenia of pulmonosplenic qi, exuberant heart and liver, deficiency of the kidney", the author summarized the teacher's academic thoughts and clinical treating experience of the disease and medication characteristics,and one proven case was presented respectively.[Results] Professor YUAN Bin believes that the incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children is closely related to the five zang organs, exuberant heart and liver is the physiological base, asthenia of pulmonosplenic qi is the pathological character, deficiency of kidney-Yin will be involved in later period. Treatment should be staged in terms of different periods.In acute stage,the patient is stuck with wind evil and stagnated heat,the method of clearing heat and cooling blood ,removing blood stasis in the vessels, dispelling wind should be adopted by directing at heart and liver,creating"Dan Shao Fang";In relieving stage, the disease belongs to asthenia of pulmonosplenic qi ,the approach of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, nourishing kidney yin should be taken according to lung,spleen and kidney,treated with Yupingfeng San and Sijunzi Decoction. [Conclusion] Professor YUAN Bin has unique clinical experience for Henoch-Schonlein purpura treatment based on spleen-insufficiency constitution related theory, with significant effect ,has the value of popularization and application.
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Three Modules and Three Stages proposed by guidelines on college English teaching that will be issued by the Ministry of Education gives direction for college English teaching.Through the investigation of the students' cognition and learning of English curriculum,combined with the teaching experiment,the new system of English curriculum,which reflects the characteristics of medical colleges and universities,has been preliminarily established,aiming at cultivating medical students' comprehensive English abilities in medical study and career development.Considering students' language abilities in different stages,college English curriculum can be designed in three modules,that is,English for general purpose (EGP),English for academic purpose (EAP) and intercultural communication,in three stages,that is,the basic stage,the improvement stage,and the development stage.The practice shows that the new curriculum system can promote the interaction,reform and development of teachers,teaching teams and Foreign Language Department.
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Objective:To clarify the differences of host immune responses at different stages of HBV infection. Methods:We constructed three HLA-A*0201/HBV tetramers with immunodominant epitopes of core18-27,polymerase 575-583 and envelope 335-343,and analyzed antigen specific CD8+ T cells and the expression of CD127 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) from patients infected with HBV using these HLA-A*0201/HBV tetramers. Results: The frequencies and expansion ability of antigen specific CD8+ T cells in most self-limited HBV infected individuals were higher than that in chronically HBV infected patients. In low copy period the frequencies of antigen specific CD8+ T cells were similar to those in immune clearance phase at a high viral load and liver damage and in immune clearance phase, which had no significant correlation with virus quantitation and ALT level. In chronic infection the ability of antigen specific CD8+ T cells proliferation was inversely proportional to the viral titer. In most self-limited HBV infected individuals the IFN-γsecretion functions of antigen specific CD8+ T cells were higher than in chronic infection,but in immune tolerance phase these cells lost the ability. HBsAg level was different at different stages after HBV infection:it was highest in immune tolerance phase,but in immune clearance phase,activity period and low copy period the correlation with HBV DNA replication gradually declined. The frequency of CD8+ CD127+ T cells in chronic HBV infection was lower than the control group and self-limited infection group,especially in immune tolerance with HBeAg+ and immune clearance phase. Conclusion: The frequencies of antigen specific CD8+ T cells are not the main determinant of immune-mediated protection in chronic HBV infection,memory antigen specific CD8+ T cells are not clear or missing,which provides the possibility for therapeutic vaccines and immunization therapy.
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Objective To study different surgical methods for breast cancer patients under the influence of the quality of life at different stages. Methods The clinical data of finishing our hospital 160 cases of breast cancer patients , ac-cording to the patient's surgical approach , divided into breast-conserving resection of breast conserving surgery group , mastectomy breast reconstruction group, modified radical group, using the method of returning scale investigation, the statistical quality of life of patients at different stages. Results The patients in the perioperative period, physical, psy-chological and other breast-conserving surgery group and mastectomy breast reconstruction group than modified radical group ( P<0 . 05 ) , with significant difference , but there were no significant difference in the quality of life between the two groups (P>0.05); after 2 years and 5 years, breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy breast reconstruction group's quality of life was higher than that in the modified radical group (P<0.05), with significant difference between the two groups. The patient's physiological , psychological and other aspects of the situation was not statistically signif-icant (P>0.05);perioperative period, after 2 years, a period of 5 years, breast-conserving surgery group and mastecto-my breast reconstruction patients physical, psychological status, quality of life was not statistically significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Breast cancer treatment involves the patient's physical structure , resulting in a greater impact on quality of life and psychological state of the patient's will to a large extent, in the optional cases, give priority to breast-con-serving surgery or mastectomy breast reconstruction may be to some extent , improve the quality of life of patients.
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Objective To explore the application effects of clinical nursing pathway on recovery of upper-extremity functions during different stages after surgery of breast tumor. Methods A total of 120 patients who received the surgery of breast tumor in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were selected as research subjects. They were randomly assigned to a research group and a regular group according to the method of random number table, with 60 in each. The regular group was given clinical regular nursing for the recovery of upper-extremity functions after the surgery, and the research group was given clinical nursing pathway for the recovery of upper-extremity functions after the surgery. Nursing effects were observed between the two groups. Results Arms bending forward and arms bending inward as well as abduction and rotation in the research group were significantly better than those in the regular group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Satisfaction rate on clinical nursing in the research group was 93.3%, higher than that of 75.0%in the regular group(P<0.05). Life quality score in the research group was(56.1±5.9), significantly higher than that of(43.8±6.3)in the regular group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Clinical nursing pathway is feasible clinically for the recovery of upper-extremity functions during different stages after the surgery of breast tumor. It promotes the recovery of upper-extremity functions, as well as en-hances satisfaction rate on clinical nursing and life quality, which is worthy of clinical application.
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Hemiparalysis clinically can be divided into acute,spasm,comparative recovery and sequelae stages. Acupuncture and moxibustion and recovery should be differently administered under different stages. Spasm stage is the key time for the recovery treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion,i.e. the voluntary exercise of preventing contracture of and deformed joints,and recovering the normal limbs by applying acupuncture and collateral massage to strengthen Yin collateral treatment.
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AIM: To investigate the alteration of the vascular response to contracting material and the endothelium dependent vascular relaxation (EDVR) at different stages of type Ⅱ diabetes rats. METHODS: Type Ⅱ diabetes rat model was established by high-energy diet and lower dose of STZ. At 12th and 20th weekends after injecting STZ, the vascular reactivities to phenylephrine (PHE) and KCl and the EDVR induced by Ach were measured respectively in the isolated aorta rings. RESULTS: At 12th weekend after injecting STZ, the response to PHE increased, the reactivity to KCl kept unchanged, and the EDVR was damaged lightly. But at the 20 th weekend after injecting STZ, the response to PHE increased further and the reactivity to KCl markedly reinforced, and the EDVR was obviously damaged. CONCLUSION: The response of great vessels to contracting material increased, but the EDVR attenuated at different stages of type Ⅱ diabetes rats. These changes are further reinforced along with the developing of disease duration.