Establishing a three-dimensional model for estimating partial-body irradiation doses based on γ-H2AX foci detection / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To construct a three-dimensional time-dose-response model for dose estimation and validate its feasibility.Methods:Based on a random number table, mice were divided into 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy groups for whole-body X-ray irradiation, with each group consisting of three mice. Hair follicle cells of whiskers were sampled at 1, 6, and 24 h after the irradiation. After immunofluorescence staining, the numbers of γ-H2AX foci at different time points from 1 to 24 h post-irradiation were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The average numbers of γ-H2AX foci observed were corrected using the Dolphin’s model, followed by the fitting of dose-response curves. Using the R software, the equations and surfaces of the three-dimensional model for partial-body irradiation were established using the irradiation doses, post-irradiation time, and the corrected average numbers of γ-H2AX foci.Results:The average number of γ-H2AX foci increased with dose at fixed time points 1, 6, and 24 h but decreased with irradiation time at fixed doses 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. The dose-response curve equations of partial-body irradiation were fitted as follows: YF = 2.853+ 3.775 D, R2= 0.928, at 1 h after the irradiation; YF = 0.144+ 2.775 D, R2= 0.903, at 6 h after the irradiation; YF = 0.066+ 2.472 D, R2= 0.85, at 24 h after the irradiation. The three-dimensional model equation fitted was YF = 6.837 t-1.728+ 3.113 t-0.071D, R2=0.897. Substituting different post-irradiation time points into the three-dimensional surface model appeared as a two-dimensional linear model. By substituting the number of γ-H2AX foci and irradiation time into the linear and the three-dimensional models, both models yielded relative deviations between the estimated and actual radiation doses of 30% or less. Conclusions:The three-dimensional time-dose-response model, established by using the number of γ-H2AX foci to estimate partial-body irradiation doses, can be preliminarily applied for dose estimation at all time points 1-24 h after irradiation.

Efficiency analysis of digital three-dimensional reconstruction model of pelvic CTA in judging the origin of female giant pelvic mass / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the value of pelvic CT angiography(CTA)digital three-dimensional reconstruction model(abbreviated as"three-dimensional model")in the diagnosis of female pelvic mass.Methods A total of 98 patients with pelvic mass who were hospitalized and operated in Xi'an People's Hos-pital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital)from January 2021 to April 2023 were selected.All patients underwent B-ultra-sound and CTA examination before operation,and the original data of CTA were collected.The digital three-dimensional model of pelvic mass was established by three-dimensional reconstruction software,and the source of pelvic mass was judged according to the blood supply of pelvic mass.Taking postoperative pathological di-agnosis as the gold standard,the coincidence rate between different preoperative diagnosis methods(B-ultra-sound,CTA examination and three-dimensional model)was compared.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of different preoperative diagnostic methods in judging the ovarian origin of pelvic tumors.Results A total of 130 pelvic masses were included in 98 patients,and the average maximum diameter of the mass was(71.61±3.03)mm,including 83 ovarian masses and 47 non-ovarian masses.Taking postoperative pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,the diagnostic coincidence rate of the preoperative three-dimensional model was 72.31％,which was higher than that of B-ultrasound(58.46％)and CTA(52.31％),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy,Kappa value,and area under the ROC curve were 79.51％,91.49％,94.29％,71.67％,83.85％,0.67 and 0.855,respectively,when the three-dimensional model showed that the blood supply of the mass originated from ovarian artery or uterine artery-ovarian branch.Conclusion The three-dimensional model of pelvic CTA can directly display the blood supply source,characteristics of mass,and the relationship between mass and adjacent organs,which can guide the clinical treatment.It has certain clinical value to judge the ovarian origin of pelvic mass by using ovarian artery and uterine artery-ovarian branch.

Removal of iatrogenic orbital foreign bodies with a 3D model

Facial foreign body (FB) is common after trauma, but iatrogenic orbital FB is a rare and unexpected complication of facial FB removal surgery. We present the case of a 43-year-old man with a glass FB in his nose. During the operation, this FB broke into two pieces, and the larger one pierced into the left orbit, close to the eyeball. A three-dimensional (3D) model was made that accurately recreated the shape and position of the FB in the orbit, according to which the FB was removed. 3D-printing technology is a great tool when dealing with complex facial FB.

Application of CBL teaching based on self-made dynamic cardiovascular three-dimensional model in clinical clerkship of valvular heart disease / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of self-made dynamic cardiovascular three-dimensional model combined with CBL (case-based learning) teaching method in the clerkship of valvular heart disease for medical students.Methods:Sixty five-year clinical medical undergraduates from Nanjing Medical University (Batch 2016) were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group received dynamic cardiovascular 3D model combined with CBL teaching method, while the control group received traditional model combined with CBL teaching method. After the course, the teaching effect was evaluated by examination and questionnaire. SPSS 19.0 was used for independent sample t test and chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group, the students in experimental group had higher scores of basic theoretical knowledge [(43.10±3.51) vs. (40.87±3.19)] and clinical thinking ability [(42.20±3.15) vs. (40.20±3.81)], with significant differences ( P<0.05). Furthermore, they showed higher evaluation and satisfaction to learning initiative and enthusiasm, mastery of theoretical knowledge, clinical thinking ability, classroom learning interest, classroom activity and clarity of knowledge teaching, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the teaching of valvular heart disease clerkship, the application of self-made dynamic cardiovascular three-dimensional model combined with CBL teaching method, can cultivate students' clinical diagnostic thinking ability and improve teaching quality.

Determining the accuracy of lumbar 4/5 pedicle screw entry point based on digital three-dimensional technology / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To establish a digital model of lumbar 4 and lumbar 5 vertebral bodies through three-dimensional imaging technology so as to explore the precise placement of pedicle screws during the lumbar posterior internal fixation operation. 【Methods】 CT scan image data set of lumbar spine included six specimens. Then lumbar modeling was produced using Mimics software， implanting pedicle screws was simulated with the computer to determine the reliability of pedicle screw for herringbone crest method， Weinstein method， and Magerl method. 【Results】 This study included six specimens （4 males and 2 females）， with an average age of 42.83 years. The distance from the right Magerl entry point to the actual entry point of the lumbar 4 vertebrae was significantly greater than that of the left side. The distance from the left herringbone crest entry point of lumbar 4 vertebrae to the actual entry point was significantly greater than Weinstein method and Magerl method （PMagerl abduction angle > Weinstein abduction angle > herringbone abduction angle. The distances of true-Weinstein and true-herringbone ridges on the left side of lumbar 5 vertebrae were significantly greater than those on the right side （P=0.002 and P=0.004）， and the Weinstein abduction angle on the right side of lumbar 5 vertebrae was greater than that on the left side （P=0.003）. For the left and right sides of lumbar 5 vertebrae， the distance from herringbone crest entry point to the actual entry point was significantly greater than that of Weinstein method and Magerl method （P Magerl abduction angle > Weinstein abduction angle > herringbone abduction angle. 【Conclusion】 Both Weinstein entry point and Magerl entry point for lumbar 4 and lumbar 5 vertebra are close to the real entry point. The Weinstein abduction angle and Magerl abduction angle of lumbar 4 and lumbar 5 vertebrae have minor differences compared with real abduction angle. Therefore， it is recommended that Weinstein method is the preferred choice for lumbar 4 pedicle screw placement， while Weinstein method or Magerl method is the preferred choice for lumbar 5 pedicle screw placement.

Evaluación fenotípica del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): existencia de un continuo de gravedad en niños / Phenotypic evaluation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): existence of a continuum of severity in children

Resumen: Antecedentes: Dentro del estudio de la estructura del TDAH existe un debate en curso sobre si las diferencias fenotípicas se deben a diferencias en la gravedad de los síntomas de falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad a lo largo de un continuo subyacente o si las diferencias lo que reflejan son subtipos cualitativamente distintos con etiologías únicas. Objetivo: Analizar si los comportamientos de inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad en población infantil reflejan presentaciones cualitativamente distintas dentro del TDAH, variaciones a lo largo de un único continuo de gravedad o diferentes niveles de gravedad dentro de las representaciones. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), análisis de clases latentes (ACL) y modelos factoriales mixtos (MFM) del fenotipo del TDAH según los datos recogidos mediante el inventario de comportamiento infantil y adolescente (CABI) de 632 participantes (M=10,46 años; DT=2,35) de la ciudad de Talca (Chile) en población general. Resultados: De los 16 modelos analizados se infirió que el MFM de tres factores (IN, HI e IM) y cuatro clases, una mayoritaria de puntación baja (no afectados) y otra minoritaria de puntuación alta (afectados), junto con dos categorías intermedias muy similares, mostraba el mejor ajuste. Conclusiones: Los MFM mostraron que el TDAH variaría a lo largo de un continuo de gravedad, dentro de los síntomas del trastorno de leves, a moderados o graves, en lugar de existir como categorías discretas de diagnóstico.

Abstract: Background: Within the study of the structure of ADHD there is an ongoing debate as to whether phenotypic differences are due to differences in the severity of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity along an underlying continuum or whether the differences reflect are qualitatively distinct subtypes with unique etiologies. Objective: To analyze whether the behaviors of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity in children reflect qualitatively different presentations within ADHD, variations along a single continuum of severity or different levels of severity within the representations. Method: A study was carried out through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), latent class analysis (LCA) and factor mixture models (FMM) of the ADHD phenotype according to the data collected through the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) of 632 participants (M = 10.46 years; SD = 2.35) from the city of Talca (Chile) in general population. Results: For the 16 models analyzed, it was inferred that the MFM of three factors (IN, HI and IM) and four classes, a majority with a low score (unaffected) and a minority with a high score (affected), with two very similar intermediate categories, showed the best fit. Conclusions: The FMM showed that ADHD would vary along a continuum of severity, within symptoms of the disorder from mild, to moderate, or severe, rather than existing as discrete diagnostic categories.

Establishment of three-dimensional model of rat retinal angiogenesis <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> based on endothelial cells and pericytes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To establish three-dimensional(3D)model of rat retinal angiogenesis <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> based on retinal microvascular endothelial cells(ECs)and retinal microvascular pericytes(RMPs). <p>METHODS: The identified ECs and RMPs of third generation to seventh generation were used for research after isolated, purified and cultured. The cells were stained with cell tracer. Then, it were mixed and inoculated on Matrigel by the surface culture method for dynamic observation. The expression of VEGF-A was assessed during angiogenesis. <p>RESULTS: At 12h of co-culture, RMPs were recruited by ECs and gathered into cell masses with different sizes. At 24h, ECs/RMPs formed a complex 3D vascular spline network. At 48h, the reticular structure disintegrated obviously, and only a small amount of incomplete and simple reticular structure remained. At 72h, the vascular spline cable network disintegrated completely. In the development of 3D model, the expression of VEGF-A increased, but decreased when it degenerated. <p>CONCLUSION: This study successfully established a 3D model of rat retinal angiogenesis <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> based on ECs and RMPs.

Development of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory - avoidant version based on the HiTOP / Desenvolvimento do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade - versão evitativo baseado no HiTOP / Desarrollo del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad - versión evitativa basada en el HiTOP

This study aimed to develop a specific version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), focused on the assessment of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). First, we developed the IDCP-Av, composed of one new factor and four factors from the IDCP-2. A total of 436 adults completed this, and two external measures (PID-5 and FFAvA). The IDCP-Av factors and its total score presented high reliability. Correlations and group comparisons were coherent, corroborating expectations. Favorable evidence was observed for the use of the IDCP-Av for the measurement of AvPD, although future studies should replicate the findings in samples composed of patients.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma versão específica do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), focada na avaliação do transtorno da personalidade evitativo (TPE) de acordo com o Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeiro foi desenvolvido o IDCP-Av, composto por um novo fator e quatro fatores do IDCP-2. 436 adultos responderam-no, além de medidas externas (PID-5 e FFAvA). Os fatores do IDCP-Av e o escore total apresentaram alta precisão. Correlações e comparações entre grupos foram coerentes e corroboraram as expectativas. Evidências favoráveis foram observadas para o uso do IDCP-Av para avaliação do TPE, embora futuros estudos devem tentar replicar os achados em amostras compostas por pacientes.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una versión específica del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), centrado en la evaluación del trastorno de la personalidad evitativa (TPE) de acuerdo con el Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeramente se desarrolló el IDCP-Av, compuesto por un nuevo factor y por cuatro factores del IDCP-2. 436 adultos lo contestaron juntamente con medidas externas (PID-5 y FFAvA). Los factores IDCP-Av y su puntuación total presentaron una alta fiabilidad. Las correlaciones y las comparaciones de los grupos fueron coherentes, corroborando con las expectativas. Se observaron evidencias favorables para el uso del AvPD-Av para evaluar el TPE. Sin embargo, estudios posteriores deberían replicar los hallazgos presentes en muestras compuestas por pacientes.(AU)

Personality Types and Personality Traits in DSM-5: Do They Really Match? / Tipos e Traços de Personalidade no DSM-5: Eles Realmente Combinam?

Abstract The alternative model of personality disorders introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders provides a diagnostic system that is expected to correspond to the well-known categorical approach of personality disorder diagnoses. The current study aims to improve knowledge about the relationship between pathological personality traits and their corresponding personality types. A Brazilian sample of 1,162 people took part in this study. The results point to some level of continuity between the two models when the variables were treated as dimensional. Contrariwise, there is a lack of strong scientific evidence to justify the maintenance of the categorical approach. We recommend the exclusion of the categorical approach from personality disorder diagnosis systems.

Resumo O modelo alternativo de transtornos da personalidade introduzido na quinta edição do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais oferece um sistema diagnóstico que supostamente deve corresponder ao bem conhecido modelo de diagnóstico categórico dos transtornos da personalidade. O presente estudo tem por objetivo incrementar os conhecimentos sobre a relação entre os traços de personalidade e seus correspondentes tipos de personalidade. Uma amostra brasileira de 1.162 pessoas participou deste estudo. Os resultados indicaram algum nível de continuidade entre os dois modelos quando as variáveis foram consideradas dimensionais. Por outro lado, existe uma falta de evidência científica que justifique a manutenção da abordagem categórica. Recomenda-se a exclusão da abordagem categórica de sistemas diagnósticos de transtornos da personalidade.

CT-imaging-based anatomical and three-dimensional modeling of the head and neck arterial vessels of the miniature pig / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the anatomical structure of arterial vessels in the head and neck of miniature pigs and the related application of vascular cast specimens,and the technology of three-dimensional model reconstruction by CT imaging. Methods A vascular cast specimen of a miniature pig head and neck was made by a 128-slice spiral CT scanning,and a three-dimensional model of the arterial vessels in the head and neck of the miniature pig was reconstructed. Results The cast specimen clearly showed the distribution and running characteristics of the arteries in the head and neck of a miniature pig. The three-dimensional digital model was realistic and stereoscopic,showing the running and distribution of arteries from multiple angles and layers. Conclusions The distribution and running characteristics of arterial vessels in the head and neck of a miniature pig have been investigated by the combination of cast specimen and three-dimensional digital model,providing a morphological reference for the establishment of pig cerebrovascular models in respects of both solid specimen and virtualized model.

Establishment of electron beam computed tomography and rapid prototyping techniques for a cranial bone defect model in goat / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To establish a cranial bone defect model of goat and to study application in craniomaxillo-facial surgery.Methods Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) scanner was used to scan goat'heads and faces in series and thin layers.Data of EBCT were input in workstation from digital inlet,and then to three-dimensional reconstruction with method of surface shadow.After final data were transformed to the files,the rapid prototyping machine was able to identify and establish the 3D model.Results The EBCT continuous thin-layer (1 mm) scanning data were passed to wave filter,falling coarse,distinguishing and collecting the outline,3D-reconstruction,curved surface reconstruction with CAD and the substance reconstruction.The final data were input into the laser rapid prototyping machine.Three-dimensional bionic cranium models were fabricated by machine in layer by layer manufacturing principle.Conclusions Establishment of the cranial bone defect model in the goat is very useful to the three-dimensional measurement,individualized reconstruction and basic and clinical research for the cranial bone defect.

Importancia diferencial de los componentes fundamentales de la esquizotipia: un metaanálisis / Differential importance of the basic components of schizotypy: A meta-analysis

Resumen La esquizotipia puede entenderse como un trastorno incluido en el espectro de la esquizofrenia o como rasgo psicométrico que comprende 3 dimensiones: cognitivo-perceptual, interpersonal y desorganización cognitiva. La primera se relaciona con creencias extrañas y experiencias perceptuales inusuales; la segunda, con anhedonia y déficit en relaciones interpersonales, y la desorganización se identifica con pensamientos, conductas y lenguaje raros. Diferentes estudios han intentado esclarecer cuál de estas dimensiones es el componente esencial del constructo. Para dar respuesta a esta cuestión se llevó a cabo un metaanálisis en el que se realizó una revisión sistemática de las principales bases de datos que comparan las dimensiones de esquizotipia asociadas con diferentes áreas temáticas: composición factorial, síntomas clínicos y marcadores de vulnerabilidad. A partir de 300 artículos encontrados, se seleccionaron 27 estudios. Los resultados indicaron que la dimensión interpersonal parece estar más relacionada con la sintomatología clínica, mientras que la dimensión cognitivo-perceptual predomina en la investigación sobre marcadores de vulnerabilidad. La desorganización cognitiva contribuye a ambas temáticas. Se concluye que las dimensiones de esquizotipia tienen una importancia diferencial en función de las áreas de funcionamiento psicológico en estudio.

Abstract Schizotypy can be understood as a disorder included in the schizophrenia spectrum or as a psychometric trait that includes three factors: cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized. The first relates to strange beliefs and unusual perceptual experiences; the second, with anhedonia and deficits in interpersonal relationships, and the third, disorganisation, is identified with strange thoughts, behaviors, and language. Several studies have attempted to clarify which of these dimensions is more relevant when predicting the construct. To answer this question, a meta-analysis was conducted using a systematic review of the major databases comparing schizotypy dimensions associated with different categories: structure, health, and vulnerability markers. A total of 27 studies were selected from 300 items found. The results indicate that the interpersonal dimension seems to be related to clinical symptoms, while the cognitive-perceptual dimension dominates research on vulnerability markers. Cognitive disorganization contributes to both topics. It is concluded that the dimensions of schizotypy have a differential importance in terms of the areas of psychological functioning under study.

The Model Innovation of Telemedicine Service Based on the Four Dimensional Model / 医学信息学杂志

The paper introduces the mutual relationship among the innovation of four dimensions including new medical service concept,new patient interface,new service transmission system and new technology of telemedicine based on the illustration of four-dimensional model of service innovation to the telemedicine service,and makes an analysis by taking the telemedicine service innovation of remote medical center in Henan Province as an example,thus providing reference for the innovative development of telemedicine service.

Evaluation of the invisible bracketless appliance on maxillary molar distalization / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of invisible bracketless appliance on the upper molar distalization.Methods:15 patients with class Ⅱ malocclusion(at the average age of 25.3 years) were treated by invisible bracketless appliance,the pre and post three-dimensional digital models were superimposed and measured,the effects of molar distalization were analysed.Results:After treatment,the maxillary first molars were distalized by 2.58 mm on both sides.The left and fight second molars were distalized by 2.57 mm and 2.68 mm respectively.Bilateral central incisors were moved mesially by 0.34 mm.There was no significant difference in the horizontal movement of central incisor.But the left and fight first molars were moved buccally by 0.96 mm and 0.97 mm respectively,the left and fight second molars were moved buccally by 1.01 mm and 1.11 mm separately.Bilateral first molars were intruded by 0.26 mm,the left and right second molars were intruded by 0.37 mm and 0.36 mm,respectively.But the central incisors had no significant vertical movement.There was no significant difference in the buccally or palatally rotation of bilateral first and second molars.Conclusion:Invisible bracketless appliance is efficient for distalization of upper molar,but it may result in mild molar intrusion and anterior anchorage loss.

Clinical research on the simulation accuracy of zygomatic reduction using an L-shaped osteotomy by Proplan CMF software / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the surgical prediction accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic reduction surgery using L-shaped osteotomy.@*Methods@#Pre-and-postoperative 1-year CBCT data of 26 patients with zygomatic arch hypertrophy were imported in Proplan CMF software during 2014 Jan. to 2016 Jun., the 3D models were reconstructed for simulation of L-shaped osteotomy, characteristic landmarks were selected and 3D point measurement system was established. The measurement result were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Meanwhile, the overlap color grading charts of preoperative and simulated images were also observed.@*Results@#The facial width, bilateral zygomatic process angle and facial width index were [(128.56±2.72) mm, (106.87±2.53)°, (108.56±3.02)°and 1.41±0.03] in postoperative result, [(129.49±2.26) mm, (108.68±2.40)°, (108.85±3.02)°and 1.42±0.03]in simulated result and [(135.45±2.45) mm, (102.50±2.60)°, (103.41±2.56)°and 1.48±0.05] in preoperative result, with significant difference between preoperative and postoperative result, or between preoperative and simulated result (P<0.05), while no significance between postoperative and simulated result (P>0.05). The soft tissue zygomatic process distance was(153.25±2.58) mm in preoperative result, (150.23±2.76)mm in postoperative result , (149.36±3.27)mm in simulated result, with no significance between any of two groups result (P>0.05). The zygomatic process distance and bilateral zygomatic process tragal distance were (126.35±2.56) mm, (68.75±2.15) mm and(68.86±3.21) mm in postoperative result, showing significant differences compared with preoperative result [(120.16±3.18) mm, (74.58±3.19) mm and(76.14±3.15) mm] and simulated result [(118.86±3.45) mm, (73.85±3.57) mm and(76.87±2.58) mm] respectively(P<0.05), while zygomatic arch distance was not statistically different among the three groups(P>0.05). It indicated that predictive accuracy of facial width, facial width index, zygomatic process angle, soft tissue zygomatic arch distance was high but the soft tissue zygomatic process distance and zygomatic process tragal distance was relatively low. Meanwhile, the color overlay image showed that predictive accuracy was not good in the zygomatic region while the zygomatic arch area was high.@*Conclusions@#The predictive accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic arch hypertrophy is relatively high except for the zygomatic region. Further improvement of the CMF software is needed.

Modelo virtual tridimensional de la articulación cubital del perro a partir de cortes plastinados ultradelgados / Three-dimensional virtual model of the elbow joint of the dog by means of ultrathin plastinated slices

La articulación cubital del perro es de tipo compuesta, formada por el cóndilo del húmero, la cabeza del radio y la escotadura troclear de la ulna. Esta articulación es propensa a padecer enfermedades del desarrollo, lesiones traumáticas y degenerativas. La corrección de estos padecimientos suele ser quirúrgica, sin embargo, el planteamiento de la cirugía resulta difícil debido a la complejidad estructural de esta articulación. Los modelos anatómicos tridimensionales (3D) obtenidos de los cortes seriados mediante tomografía computarizada han probado ser eficaces en el planteamiento de los abordajes quirúrgicos, sin embargo tiene limitaciones técnicas en la identificación de los tejidos blandos. Los cortes ultradelgados (1 mm) obtenidos mediante plastinación permiten realizar descripciones anatómicas detalladas de regiones anatómicas complejas y también pueden ser usadas para realizar reconstrucciones 3D. El objetivo del presente trabajo, ha sido obtener una reconstrucción 3D de las estructuras anatómicas que conforman el codo del perro a partir de cortes plastinados ultradelgados.

The dog's elbow joint is a very complex structure formed between the humeral condyle, the radial head and the ulnar trochlear notch. This joint is prone to suffer growth disorders, traumatic injuries, and degenerative conditions. All these problems used to be solved by surgical means, nevertheless, the surgical plan, results in a complex decision making process related with the aforementioned joint characteristics, three dimensional (3D) anatomical models from computed tomography have proven to be useful in the surgical approach, nevertheless the image technique is at some point limited, mainly identifying soft tissues. Ultrathin plastinated slices (1 mm) allows to perform very detailed descriptions of complex structures and 3D reconstructions as well. The aim of this work, was to obtain a 3D reconstruction of ultrathin plastinated elbow joint in the dog.

Determinación de la Rigidez Arterial Empleando Simulación Computacional / Determination of Arterial Stiffness Using Computational Simulation

El incremento de la rigidez arterial está asociado con el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, las cuales constituyen una de las principales causas de muertes en el mundo. Por este motivo el desarrollo de métodos no invasivos que permitan cuantificar la rigidez arterial ha alcanzado un gran impacto. En este trabajo se estudia el método no invasivo de medición de la velocidad de la onda del pulso de la arteria braquial al tobillo (baPWV), por sus siglas en inglés. Para estudiar este método se simularon las formas de ondas de presión en el sistema arterial empleando un modelo unidimensional, a partir de las cuales se determinaron los valores de baPWV. Estos valores fueron comparados con los calculados por otros dos métodos: cfPWV (velocidad de la onda del pulso entre la carótida y la femoral, el método estándar) y PWVteor (ecuación de Bramwell-Hill), obteniéndose correlaciones significativas, r=0.967 y r=0.9828 respectivamente. Se investigó la sensibilidad del método baPWV a la variación de la rigidez, representada por la variación de la distensibilidad y, se concluyó que el método es sensible a los cambios de rigidez que ocurren tanto en las arterias centrales como en las arterias periféricas.

The arterial stiffness increased is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, which constitute one of the first causes of death globally. For this reason the development of noninvasive methods to quantify arterial stiffness have had great impact. The purpose of this paper is the study of the noninvasive measurement method of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). To perform this study pressure waveforms in the arterial system were simulated, by using a one-dimensional model. With these pressure waveforms baPWV's values were calculated, and were compared with two others calculated methods: cfPWV (carotid-femoral PWV, gold standard method), and PWVteor (Bramwell-Hill equation). Significant correlations were obtained, r=0.967 y r=0.9828 respectively. The sensibility of the baPWV method to the stiffness change, represented for the distensibility change, was investigated, and we conclude that baPWV method is sensitive to the changes that take place in both central and peripheral arteries.

Dimensions of Delusions in Major Depression: Socio-demographic and Clinical Correlates in an Unipolar-Bipolar Sample

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims at exploring associations between a continuous measure of distorted thought contents and a set of demographic and clinical features in a sample of unipolar/bipolar depressed patients. METHODS: Our sample included 1,833 depressed subjects. Severity of mood symptoms was assessed by the 21 items Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The continuous outcome measure was represented by a delusion (DEL) factor, extracted from HAM-D items and including items: 2 ("Feelings of guilt"), 15 ("Hypochondriasis"), and 20 ("Paranoid symptoms"). Each socio-demographic and clinical variable was tested by a generalized linear model test, having depressive severity (HAM-D score-DEL score) as the covariate. RESULTS: A family history of major depressive disorder (MDD; p=0.0006), a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, type I ( p=0.0003), a comorbid general anxiety disorder (p<0.0001), and a higher number of manic episodes during lifetime (p<0.0001), were all associated to higher DEL scores. Conversely, an older age at onset (p<0.0001) and a longer duration of hospitalization for depression over lifetime (p=0.0003) had a negative impact over DEL scores. On secondary analyses, only the presence of psychotic features (p<0.0001) and depressive severity (p<0.0001) were found to be independently associated to higher DEL scores. CONCLUSION: The retrospective design and a non validated continuous measure for distorted thought contents were the main limitations of our study. Excluding the presence of psychotic features and depressive severity, no socio-demographic or clinical variable was found to be associated to our continuous measure of distorted thinking in depression.

Application of digital three -dimensional model of abdominal and pelvic vessels in selecting intravascular catheterization method / 介入放射学杂志

Objective By using digital three-dimensional (3D) model of abdominal and pelvic vessels to investigate the relationship between the angle/position of the bifurcation of bilateral common iliac arteries and the length of the common iliac artery, thus to guide the endovascular interventional catheterization manipulation. Methods A total of 439 patients, who received abdominal and pelvic CTA at authors’ department during the period from Sep. 2011 to May 2013, were included in this study. By using digital 3D reformation technique, the 3D model of the abdominal and pelvic vessels as well as the lumbosacral vertebrae was established in all patients. With the help of mimics and geomagic software the angles between the left and right common iliac arteries and the lengths of common iliac arteries were determined, and the lumbar vertebra corresponding to the bifurcation of common iliac arteries was recorded. Using statistical software, the relationship between the bifurcation angle of bilateral common iliac arteries and the corresponding lumbar vertebra as well as the length of common iliac arteries was analyzed. Results The digital 3D model of the abdominal and pelvic vessels as well as the lumbosacral vertebrae was successfully reconstructed in all 439 patients. Both the angle between the left and right common iliac arteries and the corresponding lumbosacral level of bifurcation angle were clearly demonstrated on the model. The average angle was 49.1° ± 12.4°. The bifurcation was located at L3 -L4 level in 38 cases, at upper one-third level of L4 in 63 cases, at middle one third level of L4 in 89 cases, at lower one-third level of L4 in 135 cases and at L4 -L5 level in 114 cases. The average length of the left and right common iliac artery was (45.6 ± 15.6) mm and (43.3 ± 15.4) mm respectively. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that a negative correlation existed between the angle and the position level of the left and the right common iliac artery (r = -0.172, P< 0.05), and a negative correlation also existed between the angle and the length of the common iliac artery (left: r = -0.171, P<0.05; right: r = -0.164, P < 0.05). Conclusion The lower the opening position of the left and right common iliac artery is, and the bigger the intersection angle is, the shorter the length of corresponding common iliac artery will be. In this case, catheterization via femoral artery to contralateral iliac artery is a short path, and the catheterization procedure is easy to manipulate with higher success rate. On the contrary, the catheterization will be difficult, and the use of loop-technique will be needed. The digital 3D model of the abdominal and pelvic vessels as well as the lumbosacral vertebrae can help select the optimal catheterization path.

Reconstruction of 3D model of the maxillofacial hard and soft tissues with low-dose CT / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate of the feasibility of low-dose CT(LDCT)in the reconstruction of three-dimensional(3D)model of maxillofacial hard and soft tissues.Methods:Lightspeed 16-slice spiral CT scanner was used to scan one adult cadaveric head specimens with conventional parameters(280 mA)and low dose parameters(200,150,100,50,35,25,15 and 5 mA)respectively;the 3D model of the hard and soft tissues were reconstructed with Mimics 10.01 software,and 3D comparison were carried on with Geomagic 11.0 software.A comparison of the surface morphology of the hard and soft tissues of the 3D models with different scanning parameters was made.Results:With the reduction of the tube current,the model surface became rough gradually.Compared with the 280 mA scan results,the model surface produced by 35 mA scanning was still fairing,when the dose fell to less than 25 mA,the model surface became rough and the exact shape of the model could not be recognized.The same results of model surface were pro-duced after registration.Conclusion:The low-dose (35 mA)CT can be used to reconstruct 3D model of the maxillofacial hard and soft tissues.