Lista de anomalias congênitas prioritárias para vigilância no âmbito do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos do Brasil / Lista de anomalías congénitas prioritarias para la vigilancia bajo el Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos en Brasil / List of priority congenital anomalies for surveillance under the Brazilian Live Birth Information System

Objetivo: Definir a lista de anomalias congênitas prioritárias para o aprimoramento do registro no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Métodos: A partir da Décima Revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10), protocolos internacionais e reuniões com especialistas, a lista de anomalias prioritárias foi construída considerando-se dois critérios principais: ser diagnosticável ao nascimento; e possuir intervenção disponível em diferentes níveis. A lista foi submetida a apreciação da Sociedade Brasileira de Genética Médica e Genômica. Resultados: Compuseram a lista oito grupos de anomalias congênitas distribuídos de acordo com o tipo de anomalia relacionada, bem como a parte do corpo afetada e sua correspondência ao código do capítulo XVII da CID-10. Conclusão: A lista de anomalias congênitas prioritárias para notificação fornece subsídios para o aprimoramento do registro no Sinasc.

Objetivo: Definir la lista de anomalías congénitas prioritarias para perfeccionar el registro en el Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos (Sinasc). Métodos: Con base en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, Décima Revisión (CIE-10), protocolos internacionales y reuniones con especialistas, la lista de anomalías prioritarias se construyó considerando dos criterios principales: ser diagnosticables al nacer y tener intervención disponible en diferentes niveles. La lista fue sometida a la consideración de la Sociedad Brasileña de Genética y Genómica Médica. Resultados: La lista comprendía ocho grupos de anomalías congénitas distribuidos según el tipo de anomalía relacionada, así como la parte del cuerpo afectada, todos ellos relacionados con algún código del capítulo XVII de la CIE-10. Conclusión: La lista de anomalías congénitas prioritarias para notificación proporciona subsidios para mejorar el registro en Sinasc.

Objective: To define the list of priority congenital anomalies for improving their recording on the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (Sinasc). Methods: Based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), international protocols and meetings with specialists, the list of priority anomalies was built considering two main criteria: being diagnosable at birth and having intervention available at different levels. The list was submitted for consideration by the Brazilian Medical Genetics and Genomics Society. Results: The list comprised eight groups of congenital anomalies distributed according to the type of related anomaly, as well as the affected part of the body and its corresponding code in ICD-10 Chapter XVII. Conclusion: The list of priority congenital anomalies for notification provides a basis for improving case recording on Sinasc.

Grupos de pesquisa de avaliação em saúde no Brasil: um panorama das redes colaborativas / Research groups of health evaluation in Brazil: an overview of collaborative networks

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi o de caracterizar os grupos de pesquisa registrados na área temática avaliação em saúde do Diretório do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), segundo sua certificação, ano de formação, região e estado do País, instituição e linha de pesquisa. Por meio do levantamento de todos os grupos de pesquisa da área de avaliação em saúde do CNPq de 1976 a 2017, identificaram-se 385 grupos. Não foram analisados 30 grupos por terem sido excluídos (6,7%), serem inexistentes (0,8%) ou duplicados (0,3%). Estatística descritiva aplicada aos 355 grupos analisados revelou que estão presentes em todas as regiões do País com distribuição bastante desigual, havendo maior concentração na região Sudeste (42,8%), sobretudo no eixo São Paulo - Rio de Janeiro; os principais vazios se localizam nos estados do Amapá, Roraima e Rondônia. A linha de pesquisa mais frequente foi a de 'avaliação e monitoramento de intervenções em saúde'. O panorama dos grupos de pesquisa confirma a conhecida desigualdade brasileira na produção de conhecimentos, bem como a necessidade de se aprofundar a investigação sobre as redes colaborativas de pesquisa em avaliação e de se promover a equidade investigativa e de formação.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to characterize the research groups recorded in the Health Evaluation thematic area of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (NCSTD) directory, categorized per certification, year of inception, region and state of the country, institution and research line. By means of data retrieved from NCSTD' health evaluation area research groups from 1976 to 2017, we identified 385 groups. Of these, 30 groups could not be analyzed due to their exclusion from the database (6,7%), non-existence (0.8%) or double entry (0.3%). Descriptive statistics applied to the 355 groups revealed that they are present in all regions of the country, although very unequally distributed. There is a higher concentration in the Southeast region (42.8%), at the São Paulo - Rio de Janeiro axis, being the main voids located in the states of Amapá, Roraima and Rondônia. The most frequent research line respected 'evaluation and monitoring of health interventions'. The research groups' depiction confirmed the well-known Brazilian inequality in the production of knowledge, as well as the need both to deepen research on collaborative research networks under evaluation and to promote research and training.

Open Access Publishing in India: Coverage, Relevance, and Future Perspectives

Open access (OA) publishing is a recent phenomenon in scientific publishing, enabling free access to knowledge worldwide. In the Indian context, OA to science has been facilitated by government-funded repositories of student and doctoral theses, and many Indian society journals are published with platinum OA. The proportion of OA publications from India is significant in a global context, and Indian journals are increasingly available on OA repositories such as Pubmed Central, and Directory of Open Access Journals. However, OA in India faces numerous challenges, including low-quality or predatory OA journals, and the paucity of funds to afford gold OA publication charges. There is a need to increase awareness amongst Indian academics regarding publication practices, including OA, and its potential benefits, and utilize this modality of publication whenever feasible, as in publicly-funded research, or when platinum OA is available, while avoiding falling prey to poor quality OA journals.

Analyze the national directory of rare diseases, define the diagnostic role of the stomatologists / 中华口腔医学杂志

A rare disease, also referred to as an orphan disease, is defined as the disease with a low prevalence or that affects a small percentage of the population. It is a well model of human disease, which can facilitate the in-depth study and understanding of related diseases. Therefore, five Chinese governmental authorities, including the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China, jointly issued the "First National Directory of Rare Diseases" (the First List) on May 11, 2018. The First List covers 121 rare indications. In the analysis of the directory, we found that among the 121 diseases, there are 51 (42.2%) with oral characterization. Oral manifestations mainly include craniofacial abnormalities, dentition (dental) abnormalities, oral soft tissue lesions, jaw bone lesions, salivary gland related diseases, etc., even some of them are the first, earliest and inevitable clinical manifestations of some patients with rare diseases. In order to strengthen the understanding of stomatological counterparts on the importance of the national directory of rare diseases and deeply understand the important and irreplaceable role of stomatologists in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases, the present review article is specifically written to introduce the oral characterization of the rare diseases listed in the catalogue, aiming at improving the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of these diseases by peers and benefiting the public.

Preliminary Study on Classifcation and Purchase of Medical Consumables in China / 中国医疗器械杂志

In the process of deepening the reform of the medical and health system, purchasing process as an important link to control health care costs, has an important influence on the formation of drugs and medical consumables value chain. Compared with drugs, medical consumables have the characteristics of complex and diverse models, varieties, manufacturers, etc. So the purchasing system of medical consumables is urgently needed to establish and standardize the procurement. This paper, regarding the classification of procurement as the research object, analyzes the necessity of material classification, and referring to the typical medical consumables purchase mode, probes the existing problem and puts forward some suggestions and solutions to improve the classification system of medical consumables.

Decipherment and Consideration of 2017th Edition of National Health Insurance Directory / 医药导报

Objective To provide reference for the adjustment of provincial health insurance directory by comparing the differences between 2017 and 2009 edition of National Health Insurance Directory(NHID) and exploring the characteristics of NHID adjustment. Methods The Excel 2016 was used to carry out a comparative analysis of the drugs included in the two editions of NHID from the 4 aspects such as classification,drug name,dosage form and payment range. Results The adjustments of NHID in 2017 include drug variety,payment range,drug classification and coding.A total of 339 drugs were added, of which 133 were chemical drugs with a growth rate of 11.4%,and 206 were Traditional Chinese Medicine with a growth rate of 20.0%.In addition,dosage form was added in 149 drug varieties.The adjustment mainly focuses on chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes,serious diseases such as cancer,innovative drugs,and pediatric drugs. Conclusion The adjustment of 2017 edition of NHID embodied the policy thinking of "filling,selecting,supporting innovation and encouraging competition". Moreover,the drug classification,name and coding are more scientific and reasonable.

Barriers and Measures of Innovative Drug Entering Health Insurance Directory in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for innovative drugs to enter the health insurance directory smoothly and pro-mote the rapid development of pharmaceutical industry in China. METHODS:Based on related policy study of foreign and domes-tic innovative drugs entering the health insurance directory,the policy barriers of innovative drugs entering the health insurance di-rectory were analyzed and the countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In China,the foundation of drug selection was not objective enough;the review results were so vulnerable to subjective views because of the experts selection mech-anism;the health insurance directory deletion mechanism was deficient;the waiting time for innovative drugs entering the health in-surance directory was too long;innovative drugs negotiation mechanism was imperfect,etc. It is recommended that forcibly requir-ing pharmaceutical companies should provid the related data about pharmacoeconomic evaluation;the independence and pluralism of the expert group should be enhanced;drugs in the health insurance directory should be secondarily evaluated regularly;the inno-vative drugs should be given the green channel;innovative drug price negotiation rules should be unified to promote drug informa-tion sharing.

The implications of drug safety network on catastrophic disease medical insurance in Hong Kong / 中国卫生政策研究

The reimbursement on high-value drug expenses for patients is an important approach of catastrophic disease medical insurance.Hong Kong has established in a drug safety network, that has achieved remarkable results in improving the accessibility to high-value drugs and the burden of disease and effectively alleviated patients' financial burden.This paper systematically analyzes the history, process of adding drugs to directory, application conditions for drugs and patients, development status, and characteristics of drug safety network in Hong Kong.This study points out that although Mainland China has gradually established the high-value drug directory for catastrophic disease through the method of drug negotiation, the mechanism of high-value drug directory is not mature yet.To achieve the convergence between high-value drug directory, basic medical insurance drug directory, and new rural cooperative medical scheme drug directory, Mainland China needs to: 1) First, learn from the drug safety network in Hong Kong and establish access and exist mechanism for high-value drug directory;2) Then, expand insurance coverage of high-value drugs by establishing a multi-channel and socialized financing mechanism;3) Finally, strengthen the major disease medical insurance by adhering to the principles of buying drugs and getting drugs for free and reforming the fixed-ratio-reimbursement model.

Investigation and Analysis of Current Status of Surgery Grading Management Among Municipal Hospitals in Beijing / 中国医院管理

Objective To understand current situation of surgery grading management in 22 hospitals from Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals,and to discuss the problems and to make suggestions for better application and management.Methods Based on general survey,Surgery of Grading Conditions of All Municipal Hospitals was issued to 22 municipal hospitals to make related staff fill related data.Results Except for 3 specialty hospitals,19 hospitals have launched the surgery grading management,while they are in different steps of implementing hierarchical directory,surgeon permission and dynamic management.These hospitals have different reference standards of making hierarchical directory.84.2％ hospitals give surgeons authorities according to levels of operations evaluated by professional title,surgery grade and doctors' technical skills.There are 14 hospitals applying information management on surgery grading.Conclusion Uniform criteria of hierarchical directory,extension of surgeon permission system and implementation of surgery grading information management will contribute to regulation fulfillment.

Comparison of Antibacterial Agent Products Directory between China and America / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences of antibacterial agent products directory between China and America, and to provide reference for the relevant departments. METHODS:Using domestic and imported drug data released by China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA)and national drug code(NDC)issued by America Food and Drug Administration(FDA),anti-bacterial drugs of China and America were analyzed comparatively in respects of types,specification,the number of products, child-size dosage form,concentration ratio of manufacturers. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In CFDA’s and FDA’s directory of antibacterial drugs,the number of type,specification and product were 191 and 84,460 and 1 392,23 824 and 3 139,respective-ly. The number of child-size dosage form were 51 and 26. The number of products in enterprises with the top 10 product number ac-counted for 6.29% and 33.67%. In China,the type and specification of antibacterial drugs are abundant but low. It is recommend that antibacterial drugs’approval should be examined and supervised strictly. At the same time,products already marketed should be reselected and revaluated,and price or market mechanism should be adopted to promote the survival of the fittest of antibacterial drugs.

Methods and principles for coding of stock materials / 医疗卫生装备

To explore the methods and principles for the coding of stock materials in order to realize efficient management, summarization and analysis of the stock materials in the equipment and glass equipment warehouses, to standardize the purchase channel and to facilitate the application for the stock materials. The warehouse name was changed and the purchase channel was standardized, and the coding was sequenced with the principles of system, or-der, concentration, uniqueness, completeness, memory, size and etc. The standardization and completeness of the coding of the stock materials were improved to realize proper directory architecture for materials coding. The coding facilitates the summarization, planned allocation and accounting of stock materials, with repeated purchase avoided and stock management enhanced.

Price and varieties of low-price medicine list in China / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:This paper aims to analyze the related effects of the low price medicine policy, and prob-lems in the implementation process. Methods:To retrieve an official website of the state food and medicine supervi-sion and administration, collect the package supplements of the low-price medicines and analyze their varieties according to their situations, and calculate he highest and lowest average daily use indicators for the medicine, etc. from January 2009 to August 2014. Results:(1) The low-price medicine list contains 533 kinds of standard medi-cines, and the coincidence rate with the essential medicines list is 51. 59%. Results also show that 96. 82% of the low-price medicines are incorporated into the national medical insurance directory. ( 2 ) The daily medicine cost difference of the maximum and minimum bidder price to the same medicine produced by different manufacturers ran-ges from 0. 01 to 30. 96 Yuan with 94. 76% of the western medicine dosage constituting the existing price rise space. (3) The daily medicine cost difference ranges from 0. 01 to 19. 35 Yuan with 92. 13% of the proprietary Chinese medicine varieties constituting the existing price rise space. Discussions:The low-price medicine varieties lack in the strict proof, the fact of low pricing the medicine has a two-way effect, and the connection between the low-price medi-cine administration policy and other policies is unclear.

Statistical Investigation of Antibacterial Drugs Classification Management Directory in Different Provinces of China / 中国药师

Objective: To evaluate the rationality and practicability of the provincial directory of antibacterial drugs classification management in China. Methods: The directories at the provincial level published after May 2012 were collected from the government websites of health department in different provinces, cities and autonomous regions. The name, number, grading and classification were counted and anzlyzed. According to the relative national standards, the rationality, practicability and existing problems were ana-lyzed, and some revision sugestions were proposed. Results:Up till now, 30 dirctories were issued with the average recording number-varieties of 147. 1(101-194). The average number of unrestricted, restricted and special use level was 56. 4(37-66), 53. 7(34-68) and 37(24-75), respectively. The top 5 was cephalosporins(29. 5), penicillins(24. 8), antifungi drugs(14. 7), quinolones(12. 8) and aminoglycosides(10). Overall, the directories were rational and practicable. However, 29 kinds of antibacterial drugs were with-out registered number of approval, which was not reasonable or practicable. The other problems were inappropriate classification and grading, name writing mistakes, ect. Conclusion:The directories should be revised in time to correct the existing promblems and im-prove the directories.

As ciências sociais e humanas em saúde na associação brasileira de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva / Health social and human sciences at ABRASCO

Abordam-se a trajetória, estrutura, organização e implementação das atividades da Comissão de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde da Associação Brasileira de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, no período 1981 a 2006, articulando-a aos contextos das diretorias que lhes forneceram maior apoio, destacando as diferentes gestões da associação e da comissão. Documentos, matérias divulgadas nos boletins da associação, relatórios de gestão e atas da comissão, pronunciamentos de ex-coordenadores e bibliografia específica sobre o assunto foram consultados, assim como dados informalmente obtidos de alguns ex-coordenadores ou membros da comissão. Conclui-se que, das dificuldades iniciais de fazer interlocução com a área da Saúde Coletiva, as ciências sociais se legitimaram, ampliaram seus objetos e disciplinas, firmando sua identidade, que requer novos espaços. A comissão organizou-se, estabeleceu normas informais, definiu e redefiniu o sistema de representação e seu formato, destacando: a promoção de eventos científicos, os diagnósticos e planos para solucionar os problemas da subárea, resposta às atribuições que lhe foram dadas pela associação e às iniciativas de seus intelectuais de delimitar o papel das ciências sociais e humanas na Saúde Coletiva, organizando seus profissionais e intervenções.

This paper analyzes the Social Science and Human in Health Commission at the Brazilian Collective Health Association and its trajectory, structure, organization and activities implemented from 1981 to 2006, within its administrative context, which gave major support to it, highlighting the different association and commission administrations. Abrasco's documents were used, such as journals, written reports, speeches from former coordinators and specific bibliography, such as reports from former coordinators or members. The paper allows concluding that from the initial difficult to communicate with the Collective Health area, the social sciences legitimated themselves and expanded their subject and disciplines, establishing their identity, which demands new fronts. The Commission organized itself, established informal rules, defining and redefining its representation system and shape. The commission's major activities were: promotion of scientific events; diagnosis and strategies to solve specific problems; accomplishment of goals established by the association and response to its intellectuals' initiatives to set up the role of the social and human sciences in the Collective Health, organizing its professionals and interventions.

Strengthening Management of Hospital's Network by Means of Active Directory / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To solve the problems in the network management of the hospital's information construction.Methods The client workstations and the users of the hospital network were designed and organized by means of active directory.They are deployed and managed by means of setting the type of users and issuing the group policy.Results The application of active directory could manage the hospital's network uniformly,agilely and safely.Conclusion The management level is enhanced by means of active directory.It will have broad prospects in the hospital's network management.

Coexistence of the Problem Between Medical Insurance List and Essential Drugs List / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To explore the coexistence of "Medical Insurance List" and "Essential Drugs List". METHODS: A comparative similarities and differences analysis of the scope, role, to develop the basis for the implementation of the effectiveness between the "medical insurance directory" and "Essential Drugs List" was carried out. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The new edition of "Essential Drugs List" is to ease the contradiction of coexistence in long-term, but they are difficult to reconcile in short-term.

Consideration on the Selection and Revision of National Essential Drug List / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To put forward policy suggestions on the selection and revision of National Essential Drug List (NEDL) in China. METHODS: The selection principles, criteria and procedures of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Directory which was commonly regarded as Essential Drug List of Australia were analyzed to provide reference for the selection and revision of NEDL in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The selection and revision of NEDL which were strongly supported by related policies demand active participation of all social sectors, open and transparent working procedures, scientific and operational methods for selection and revision, authoritative monitoring and aftereffect evaluation system.