RESUMEN
Objective Comparing the performance of the two nonparametric Bayesian methods for benchmark dose estimating under different dose response data,then comparing them with traditional parametric methods.Methods Introduce the basic principle of the nonparametric Bayesian method based on weighted process and stochastic process separately,then compared the estimations through simulate study and instance analysis.Results The simulate study shows that the posterior estimates were reasonably close to the target true BMD value for the two nonparametric methods,and NBP2 is more desirable compared to NPB1.The nine examples indicate that the BMD estimates from the nonparametric approaches generally fall into or very near the interval of those obtained from BMDS and nonparametric approaches tend to produce lower BMDLs than the parametric modeling approaches.Conclusion The posterior estimates were reasonably close to the target true BMD value for the two nonparametric methods,especially when standard parametric models fail to fit to the data adequately.The NPB2 method is slightly bet-ter than the NPB1 method in the aspect of estimation result and the software operation speed.
RESUMEN
Statistical tests that detect and measure deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) have been devised but are limited when testing for deviation at multiallelic DNA loci is attempted. Here we present the full Bayesian significance test (FBST) for the HWE. This test depends neither on asymptotic results nor on the number of possible alleles for the particular locus being evaluated. The FBST is based on the computation of an evidence index in favor of the HWE hypothesis. A great deal of forensic inference based on DNA evidence assumes that the HWE is valid for the genetic loci being used. We applied the FBST to genotypes obtained at several multiallelic short tandem repeat loci during routine parentage testing; the locus Penta E exemplifies those clearly in HWE while others such as D10S1214 and D19S253 do not appear to show this.