Validez convergente y discriminante del síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo en maestros mexicanos

Objetivo: explorar la validez convergente y discriminante del maslach burnout Inventory human services survey (MBI-HSS) y del Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) en población mexicana. Método: Se evaluaron 483 profesores de 100 escuelas de educación básica (primarias y secundarias) de la Ciudad de México. Se utilizó el CESQT validado en México por Gil-Monte, Unda y Sandoval (2009) y el MBI-HSS validado en población mexicana por Placencia et al. (2013), ambos son escalas likert que presentaron una confiabilidad aceptable. En el análisis de datos se realizó una matriz multirasgo-multimétodo (MRMM), que es un enfoque desarrollado por Campbell y Fiske (1959) para analizar la validez convergente y divergente. Resultados: En la MRMM se presentaron correlaciones significativas, positivas y diferentes a cero entre los mismos rasgos medidos por diferente método, Ilusión por el trabajo y realización personal (r=0,40**) desgaste psíquico y cansancio emocional (r=0,87**), e Indolencia y Despersonalización (r=0,52**) lo cual supone validez convergente, además, se pueden observar que todas las Alfas de Cronbach son aceptables salvo la de Despersonalización (subescala del MBI). El MBI-HSS presenta recurrentemente Alfas de Cronbach inferiores a 70 % en la subescala de despersonalización, en especial en población no angloparlante. Conclusión: Conforme a los resultados del presente estudio y las dificultades psicométricas presentadas por el MBI-HSS, se concluye que el CESQT es el instrumento recomendado para la evaluación del Burnout en población mexicana.

Objective: to explore the convergent and discriminant validity of the maslach burnout inventory human services survey (MBI-HSS) and the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) in Mexican population. Method: 483 teachers from 100 basic education schools (primary and secondary) were evaluated in Mexico City. The mexican validated SBI by Gil-Monte, Unda and Sandoval (2009) and MBI-HSS validated in Mexican population by Placencia et al. (2013) were implemented, both are Likert scales that showed acceptable reliability. In the data analysis, a Multi-treat-Multi-method matrix (MTMM) was performed, which is an approach developed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) to analyze convergent and divergent validity. Results: MTMM showed significant positive and non-zero correlations between the same traits measured by different method, enthusiasm toward the job and personal accomplishment (r = 0,40 **) psychic exhaustion and emotional exhaustion (r = 0,87 **), and indolence and depersonalization (r = 0,52 **) which supposes convergent validity, in addition, it can be observed that all cronbach's alphas are acceptable except for depersonalization (subscale of MBI). The MBI-HSS recurrently presents cronbach's alphas lower than 0,70 on the depersonalization subscale, especially in non-English-speaking population. Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the psychometric difficulties presented by the MBI-HSS, the SBI is the recommended instrument for the evaluation of Burnout in the Mexican population.

Estabilidad temporal y validez discriminante del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck / Temporal stability and discriminant validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory

Resumen Antecedentes : los trastornos de ansiedad son los de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial seguidos por los trastornos depresivos. El Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI; Beck et al., 1988) ha sido elaborado para evaluar la severidad de los síntomas ansiosos y realizar diagnóstico diferencial entre trastornos de ansiedad y depresión.Objetivo: examinar la estabilidad temporal del BAI en su versión adaptada a Argentina y obtener evidencias de validez discriminante.Método: en una muestra de 52 personas se analizó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. Luego, en una muestra de 225 personas se realizó un análisis de correlaciones entre puntajes del BAI y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II; Beck et al., 2006); posteriormente se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) con reactivos de ambos instrumentos y se calculó la proporción Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT).Resultados: el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de .82 (IC 95% = .69 - .90). La correlación entre el BAI y el BDI fue de .56 (tamaño de efecto moderado), el AFE evidenció dos factores bien diferenciados y se halló una proporción HTMT de .66 (IC 95% = .55 - .74).Conclusiones: se observa una adecuada estabilidad temporal y se aporta evidencia de la validez discriminante del instrumento.

Abstract Background : Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent worldwide, followed by depressive disorders. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck et al., 1988) has been developed to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms and perform a differential diagnosis between anxiety and depression disorders.Objective: To examine the temporal stability of the BAI in its version adapted to Argentina and obtain evidence of discriminant validity.Method: In a sample of 52 people, the intraclass correlation coefficient was analyzed. Then, in a sample of 225 people, a correlation analysis between BAI scores and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck et al., 2006) was performed; subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with reagents from both instruments was conducted and the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT) was calculated.Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient was .82 (95% CI = .69 - .90). The correlation between the BAI and the BDI was .56 (moderate effect size). The EFA showed two well-differentiated factors and an HTMT proportion value of .66 (95% CI = .55 - .74) was found.Conclusions: An adequate temporal stability is observed and evidence of the discriminant validity of the instrument is provided.

Validation of Hindi (Indian) version of the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11-14) among 11–14 year old School Children

Context: Oral health is a fundamental aspect of general health which significantly affects quality of life (QoL) of an individual. Oral health-related QoL is a multidimensional concept determined by race, education, culture, and experiences related to oral diseases. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the Hindi (Indian) version of the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11-14) among 11–14-year-old school children in Rohtak City, Haryana, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 586 children in Rohtak city, Haryana, India, to find out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of CPQ11-14. The original version of CPQ11-14was translated to Hindi language, and the dental caries experience was measured by caries assessment spectrum and treatment index. Statistical Analysis: The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS 18. Reliability was assessed in 2 ways: internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Construct validity was confirmed demonstrating statistically significant associations between total CPQ11-14 score and global ratings of oral health (P = 0.00) and overall well-being (P = 0.00). Mean CPQ11-14scores (20.30 ± 10.91) including all the domain scores were higher among children without dental caries when compared to children with dental caries (19.79 ± 9.88) and the instrument was not able to discriminate between two clinical groups significantly (P = 0.08). Conclusion: The Hindi version of the CPQ11-14 questionnaire is a reliable instrument having good reliability, good construct, and convergent validity but lacks discriminant validity. Shorter forms of CPQ11-14may be more useful when compared to original construct.

Evidências de validade convergente e discriminante dos escores do SON-R 6-40 / Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the SON-R 6-40 scores / Evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante de los puntajes del test SON-R 6-40

Um adequado processo de validação é essencial para possibilitar uma interpretação correta dos escores de um teste. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi obter evidências de validade convergente e discriminante dos escores do teste SON-R 6-40, um teste não verbal de inteligência de origem holandesa, para o qual estão sendo elaboradas as normas brasileiras. O teste foi administrado juntamente com o WISC-IV em uma amostra de 120 crianças de 10 a 14 anos. A correlação, corrigida para atenuação, entre escores totais do SON-R 6-40 e do WISC-IV foi de 0,73. Como esperado, a correlação mais alta foi obtida entre SON-R 6-40 e Índice de Organização Perceptual do WISC-IV (r = 0,84) e a correlação mais baixa foi entre SON-R 6-40 e Índice de Velocidade de Processamento (r = 0,32). Os resultados obtidos indicam evidências satisfatórias de validade convergente e discriminante dos escores do SON-R 6-40 para a faixa etária investigada.

An adequate validation process is fundamental to ensure sound interpretations of test results. Thus, the purpose of this study was to acquire evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the test scores on the SON-R 6-40, a non-verbal test of intelligence of Dutch origin, for which Brazilian rulings are being prepared. The test was performed together with the WISC-IV to a sample of 120 children from 10 up to 14 years old. The correlation, corrected for attenuation, between the total scores on the SON-R 6-40 and the WISC-IV was .73. As expected, a higher correlation (r = .84) was obtained between the SON-R 6-40 and the Perceptual Organization Scale of the WISC-IV, and the lowest correlation was between SON-R 6-40 and the Processing Speed Scale (r = 0.32). The results indicate satisfactory evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the SON-R 6-40 scores for the age group investigated in the research sample.

Un proceso de validación apropiado es esencial para conseguir una correcta interpretación de los resultados de un test. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue obtener evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante de los puntajes del test SON-R 6-40, un test no verbal de inteligencia de origen holandés, para el cual están siendo elaboradas las normas brasileñas. El test fue administrado junto con el WISC-IV en una muestra de 120 niños de 10 a 14 años. La correlación, corregida para la atenuación, entre los puntajes totales del SON-R 6-40 y del WISC-IV, fue de 0,73. Como esperado, la correlación más alta fue obtenida entre el SON-R 6-40 y el Índice de Organización Perceptual del WISC-IV (r = 0,84), y la correlación más baja fue entre SON-R 6-40 y el Índice de Velocidad de Procesamiento (r = 0,32). Los resultados obtenidos indican una adecuada validez convergente y discriminante de los puntajes del test SON-R 6-40 para el grupo etario investigado.

Validade discriminante entre regulação emocional e resiliência / Discriminant validity between emotional regulation and resilience / Validez discriminante entre regulación emocional y la resiliencia

Resiliência e regulação de emoções (RE) são construtos psicológicos cujas operacionalizações nunca foram investigadas quanto à independência mútua. Por isso, objetivou­se buscar evidências de validade discriminante entre medidas de resiliência e de RE. Para isso, foram aplicadas versões online do Inventário de Competências Emocionais (ICE­R) e da Escala de Resiliência para Adultos (RSA) em 169 participantes com média de idade de 29,8 anos, sendo 65,7% do sexo feminino. Resultados de análise fatorial exploratória revelaram que os fatores primários de resiliência e RE tendem a se agrupar em fatores distintos de segunda ordem. Ainda que a "percepção de si" tenha apresentado carga nos dois fatores de segunda ordem, tais resultados sugerem que as medidas são predominantemente independentes entre si.(AU)

Resilience and emotional regulation (ER) are psychological constructs whose operations have never been investigated in terms of mutual independence. Therefore, this study searched for evidence of discriminant validity between measures of resilience and ER. Thus, online versions of the Emotional Competence Inventory (ICE-R) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) were applied to 169 participants with mean age of 29.8 years, predominantly female (65.7%). The results of an exploratory factorial analysis revealed that primary factors of resilience and regulation of emotions tend to cluster in different second-order factors. Even if "self-perception" had cross-loaded in both second-order factors, these results suggest that the measures are predominantly independent of one another.(AU)

La resiliencia y la regulación emocional son constructos psicológicos cuya operacionalización nunca fue investigada por la independencia mutua. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencias de validad discriminante entre las medidas de resiliencia y regulación emocional. Para esto, se aplicaron versiones online del Inventario de Competencias Emocionales (ICE-R) y de la Escala de Resiliencia para Adultos (RSA) en 169 participantes con una edad media de 29,8, de los cuales un 65,7% eran mujeres. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio reveló que los factores primarios de resiliencia y regulación emocional tienden a agruparse en diferentes factores de segundo orden. Aunque la "percepción de sí mismo" ha presentado carga en los dos factores de segundo orden, estos resultados sugieren que las medidas son en gran parte independientes entre sí.(AU)

O que mede o desenho da figura humana?: Estudos de validade convergente e disciminante / What the human figure drawing test measure?: Convergent and discriminant validity study

O Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) constitui um dos instrumentos mais utilizados na prática de avaliação psicológica no Brasil. São poucos os estudos de validade como instrumento de avaliação cognitiva. O presente trabalho analisa o desempenho de crianças belo horizontinas no DFH (sistema Wechsler de correção) e nos testes Matrizes Progressivas de Raven, Escala Verbal do WISC-III, Teste R-2 e Teste de Bender (sistema Koppitz). Os resultados de correlação parcial (controlando-se a idade das amostras) apontaram baixas associações,porém significativas, entre o DFH e os testes Raven (0,204); Escala Verbal do WISC-III (0,299); R-2 (0,330) eBender (-0,396). Por outro lado, ao comparar três sistemas de correção do DFH (Wechsler, Goodenough eHarris), encontraram-se altos coeficientes de correlação entre eles (0,72 a 0,79). Conclui-se que o DFH é umamedida "proxy" (intermediária) da inteligência e que demanda, em intensidade baixa a moderada, tanto componentes cognitivos quanto psicomotores. Também, observa-se não haver diferença substancial entre os três sistemas de correção, abrindo a possibilidade de usar um ou outro sistema.

The Human Figure Drawing Test (HFD) constitutes an instrument often used in Brazilian psychological assessmentpractices. Few studies of its validity as a cognitive assessment instrument can be found. The present paperanalyses the performance of several samples of children from Belo Horizonte on the HFD (Wechsler scoringsystem) and on others tests such as Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices, verbal scale of WISC-III, R-2 Test,and Bender Test (Koppitz system). The results of partial correlation (controlling age) indicated low, but significantvalues, between HFD and Raven (.204); IQ verbal (.299); R-2 (.330), and Bender (-.396). In addition, threescoring systems of HFD (Wechsler, Goodenough, and Harris systems) were compared. High coefficients werefound (.72 to .79). It is concluded that the HFD is a proxy measure of intelligence and is fairly associated tocognitive and psychomotor abilities. On the other hand, there are not significant differences between the threescoring systems which means that it is possible to use either of them.

La validez discriminante como criterio de evaluación de escalas: ¿teoría o estadística? / Discriminant validity as a scale evaluation criterion: theory or statistics?

La validez discriminante es uno de los criterios habituales para evaluar las escalas de medida de constructos latentes en ciencias sociales. Este artículo muestra como se pueden obtener resultados contradictorios si se aplican diferentes procedimientos estadísticos, por lo que se recomienda evaluar de forma teórica la divergencia entre escalas que representan conceptos. De este modo, la validez de contenido actúa como criterio robusto frente a determinados análisis estadísticos basados en covarianzas.

Discriminant validity is one of the usual criteria for evaluating measurementscales that define latent constructs in social sciences. This article shows howdifferent statistical procedures frequently used for accomplishing this aim can yield misleading results. Authors recommend a theoretical judgement about divergence among scales that are manifestation of latent concepts. Therefore, content validity represents a robust condition against certain covariance statistical based analysis.

Development of Korean Auditory Verbal Learning Test / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to develop KAVLT (Korean Auditory Verbal Learning Test)and to examine its reliability and validity. The KAVLT is a modified Korean version of RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) The KAVLT assesses immediate supraspan memory, registration, retention, retrieval, recognition, learning strategy, and interference effect. METHODS: Final version of KAVLT was developed through preliminary trials. The KAVLT was administered to 75 normal healthy adults and 30 organic brain syndrome patients. Twenty-five normal controls were retested 3 weeks after the first trial to examine the test-retest reliability. The scores of basic and combined indices of KAVLT were compared between normal controls and patients. Factor analysis was done to investigate the construct validity. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the test-retest scores of most of the basic indices. Discriminant validity which differentiates organic brain syndrome patients from normal controls was excellent. In order to accomplish the structure analysis of the KAVLT, different sets of scores were submitted to factor analysis procedure. Factor analysis of KAVLT basic indices revealed 2 factors, 'aquisition' and 'retention'. In the factor analysis of KAVLT's basic and combined indices, 4 factors emerged: 'general learning', 'retroactive interference', 'proactive interference', and 'primacy/recency effect'. CONCLUSION: The newly developed KAVLT was found to be a reliable and valid tool for evaluating multifactorial assesment of verbal memory and learning in Korean subjects.