Necesidad de tratamiento estomatológico en niños de la Escuela Especial Jardín de La Alegría, 2016 / Need for stomatological treatment in children of the Special School Jardín de La Alegría, 2016

RESUMEN Introducción: La salud bucal del paciente discapacitado intelectual ha sido una gran preocupación a nivel mundial. Cuba no se escapa de ello, por lo que ha implementado programas que priorizan a este tipo de individuos. Objetivo: Determinar la necesidad de tratamiento estomatológico de los pacientes con discapacidad intelectual según la categoría diagnóstica de la Escuela Especial Jardín de la Alegría. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en el período comprendido entre 2016-2017. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 105 niños que representa la matrícula total de la escuela. El examen clínico de los escolares se realizó en el sillón dental. Para la recolección de la información se confeccionó una planilla encuesta teniendo en cuenta las características del grupo objeto de estudio: edad, sexo, categoría diagnóstica, índice COP-D y ceo-d, índice de necesidad de tratamiento periodontal comunitario, y la higiene bucal mediante el índice de higiene bucal simplificado de Greene y Vermillon. Resultados: La categoría diagnóstica que prevaleció fue el discapacitado intelectual leve con 82,8 por ciento. El 68,6 por ciento de la población estudiada presentó higiene bucal regular. El 67,6 por ciento de los niños presentó enfermedad periodontal, el 59,0 por ciento maloclusión y el 54,2 por ciento caries dental. Según necesidad de tratamiento, el 67,0 por ciento requiere tratamiento periodontal, el 59,0 por ciento tratamiento ortodóncico y el 45,7 por ciento tratamiento conservador. Conclusiones: Existió una alta necesidad de tratamiento periodontal en los individuos con discapacidad intelectual leve(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The oral health of the intellectually disabled patient has been a great concern worldwide. Cuba does not escape this concern by implementing programs that prioritize this type of individuals. Objective: To determine the need for stomatological treatment of patients with intellectual disability according to the diagnostic category of the Jardín de la Alegría Special School. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the period 2016-2017. The clinical examination of the students was carried out in the dental chair. For the collection of the information a survey form was made taking into account the characteristics of the group under study: age, sex, diagnostic category, COP-D index and ceo-d, index of need for community periodontal treatment, and oral hygiene using the simplified oral hygiene index of Greene and Vermillon. The universe of study was constituted by 105 children that represents the total enrollment of the school. Results: the diagnostic category that prevailed was the mild intellectual disability with 82.8. 68.6 percent of the studied population presented regular oral hygiene. 67.6 percent of the children presented periodontal disease, 59.0 percent malocclusion and 54.2 percent dental caries. According to need of treatment, 67 percent need periodontal treatment, 59.0 percent orthodontic treatment and 45.7 percent need conservative treatment. Conclusions: there was a high need for periodontal treatment in individuals with mild intellectual disability(AU)

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com lesões buco-maxilo-faciais: contribuições para a eficiência dos processos de gestão hospitalar / Epidemiological profile of patients with oral and maxillofacial injuries: contributions to the efficiency of hospital management processes

Objetivos: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com lesões buco-maxilo-faciais. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo mediante análise de 344 fichas ambulatoriais ou prontuários médico-hospitalares. Resultados: O sexo masculino foi o mais prevalente, a faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos, a mais acometida (28,8%), com tendência altamente significante (p≤0,01). O acidente de moto foi o segundo principal agente etiológico (32,6%). Os traumatismos faciais foram mais prevalentes no domingo, no período da tarde (24,7%; p≤0,01). A maioria das vítimas de acidentes não fez uso de algum Equipamento de Proteção Individual e alegou ter consumido algum tipo de droga (22,7%). Conclusão: As lesões buco-maxilo-faciais é um tema amplo, que possui uma gama de etiologias distintas e envolve a interação de vários fatores. As injúrias provenientes dos acidentes motociclísticos contribuem para a morbimortalidade e para o aumento dos custos hospitalares... (AU)

Objectives: To outline the epidemiological profile of patients with buco-maxillofacial lesions. Methods: In this retrospective study, 344 outpatient records or medical records were analyzed. Results: The male gender was the most prevalent, the age group of 21 to 30 years was the most affected (28.8%), with a highly significant trend (p≤0.01). The motorcycle accident was the second major etiological agent (32.6%). Facial trauma was more prevalent on Sunday afternoon (24.7%, p≤0.01). Personal Protective Equipment was not used by most accident victims, who claimed to have used some type of drug (22.7%). Conclusion: Buco-maxillofacial lesions are a broad theme that has a range of distinct etiologies and involves the interaction of several factors. Injuries from motorcycle accidents contribute to morbidity and mortality and increase hospital costs... (AU)