Study on gene therapy for DPOAE and ABR threshold changes in adult Otof-/- mice / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:This study aims to analyze the threshold changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions（DPOAE） and auditory brainstem response（ABR） in adult Otof-/- mice before and after gene therapy, evaluating its effectiveness and exploring methods for assessing hearing recovery post-treatment. Methods:At the age of 4 weeks, adult Otof-/- mice received an inner ear injection of a therapeutic agent containing intein-mediated recombination of the OTOF gene, delivered via dual AAV vectors through the round window membrane（RWM）. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the proportion of inner ear hair cells with restored otoferlin expression and the number of synapses.Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DPOAE and ABR thresholds before and after the treatment. Results:AAV-PHP. eB demonstrates high transduction efficiency in inner ear hair cells. The therapeutic regimen corrected hearing loss in adult Otof-/- mice without impacting auditory function in wild-type mice. The changes in DPOAE and ABR thresholds after gene therapy are significantly correlated at 16 kHz. Post-treatment,a slight increase in DPOAE was observeds,followed by a recovery trend at 2 months post-treatment. Conclusion:Gene therapy significantly restored hearing in adult Otof-/- mice, though the surgical delivery may cause transient hearing damage. Precise and gentle surgical techniques are essential to maximize gene therapy's efficacy.

The effect of increase in blood glucose level on hearing loss

Abstract Objective: Previous studies have shown that hearing function is also vulnerable to the effects of diabetes mellitus which can be shown by brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission recordings. This study aimed to investigate the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission in hyperglycemia and whether there is a relationship between reactive oxygen substances production and hearing deterioration in the rat model. Methods: 25 streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were divided into three groups: control, high blood glucose, and diabetes mellitus. Brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission were recorded, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were measured in the brainstem tissue. Results: At 8 kHz, the latencies of I, II, III, IV, and V brainstem auditory evoked potential waves in high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups were elongated, at 16 kHz, only these wave latencies of the diabetes mellitus group were prolonged compared with the control group. A significant decrease was also found in distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes at 4, 6, 8, and 10 kHz in the high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values due to the increase in blood glucose levels in the high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggested that high blood glucose levels may cause hearing impairment not only in the diabetic state but also in the period of hyperglycemia before the onset of manifest diabetes mellitus and reactive oxygen substances may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. We suggest that regulating high glucose levels even before the onset of manifest diabetes mellitus may prevent hazardous effects on hearing function. Level of evidence: Level 3.

Effects of Low Birth Weight Babies on Cochlear Function In Newborns at Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya

@#Introduction: The prevalence of hearing loss ranges from 1 to 3 per 1000 live births and 2-4 per 100 high-risk babies as in low birth weight babies. Hearing screening in all newborns has not been fully implemented at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya so this research is expected to be the basis for hearing screening in all babies born especially low birth weight babies (LBW). The objective of the study was to predict the effect of low birth weight babies on impaired cochlear function in newborns. Methods: Cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from September 2018 to March 2019 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The subjects of this study were infants aged 2-28 days old in the nursery. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) was used to examineselected babies who fulfilled the selection criteria. Results: Twenty babies (≥2500 gram) and 20 babies (<2500 grams) were selected in this study. The proportion of cochlear dysfunction in infants with birth weights <1500 grams and 1500-2500 grams in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya was 50% and 35.7%. In multivariate analysis birth weight <1500 and birth weight 1500-2499 had a risk respectively 2.06 (95% Confidence Interval 0.08-48.26 P = 0.653) and 1.20 (95% Confidence Interval 0.07-20.34 P = 0.899) respectively. The proportion of cochlear dysfuntion in babies with birth weight ≥2500 grams is the highest which is 65 %. Conclusion: In this study Low Birth Weight Babies have a risk of 35.7 % of impaired cochlear function We would recommend DPOAE as screening method in all babies at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya which is continued by second screening examination within one month on high risk babies and failed first test.

Esketamine may be an ideal substitute for ketamine during cochlear function measurement

The mixture of ketamine and xylazine is widely used for the auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement. Esketamine is twice as potent as ketamine. Our objective was to assess the influence of esketamine in mice undergoing cochlear function measurement including ABR and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurement. C57Bl/6J mice were treated with an equivalent dose of analgesia and received either a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 25 mg/kg xylazine or 50 mg/kg esketamine and 25 mg/kg xylazine. Hearing thresholds, peak latencies of waves I and V, and DPOAE thresholds were recorded. Time to loss of righting and time to regain righting were also assessed. We found that hearing thresholds, the peak latencies of waves I and V, and DPOAE thresholds were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Time to regain righting was significantly shorter in the esketamine group (P<0.001) than in the ketamine group. We concluded that when using equivalent doses of analgesia, esketamine may be an ideal substitute for ketamine during cochlear function test.

The characteristic of otoacoustic emissions in full-term neonates according to ABO blood groups / Característica das emissões otoacústicas em neonatos a termo segundo grupos sanguíneos do sistema ABO

Abstract Introduction: Previous research has suggested that individuals with different blood groups show varied incidences of noise-induced hearing loss. The reduced otoacoustic emissions amplitudes indicate the higher possibilities of outer hair cell damage for noise exposure. Objective: The objective is to analyze the characteristics of otoacoustic emissions, including the occurrence of spontaneous otoacoustic emission and the amplitudes of distortion product otoacoustic emission at certain frequencies in full term neonates with different ABO blood groups. Methods: A total of 80 selected full-term female neonates who passed the initial newborn hearing screen were enrolled into the study, with equal number of participants in four ABO blood groups (Blood Group A, Blood Group B, Blood Group AB, Blood Group O). Measurements of spontaneous otoacoustic emission and distortion product otoacoustic emission were performed in both ears for all participants. Results: (1) The blood group O participants showed significantly fewer spontaneous otoacoustic emission occurrences than the other three blood groups (A = 70%, B = 80%, AB = 67%, O = 25%, p < 0.05). (2) The blood group O participants showed lower DPOAE amplitudes at 1257 Hz (M = 4.55 dB, SD = 8.36), 1587 Hz (M = 11.60 dB, SD = 6.57), 3174 Hz (M = 7.25 dB, SD = 5.99), 5042 Hz (M = 13.60, SD = 6.70) than participants with the other three blood groups in left ears (p < 0.05). In right ears, the blood group O participants showed reduced amplitudes at 1257 Hz (M = 6.55 dB, SD = 8.36), 1587 Hz (M = 13.60 dB, SD = 6.57), 3174 Hz (M = 7.65 dB, SD = 6.43), 5042 Hz (M = 13.65 dB, SD = 6.50) than participants from non-O blood groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Female individuals with blood group O have lower otoacoustic emissions values than individuals with the other three blood groups. We need to further investigate the possible relationships between ABO blood group and cochlear function, including the potential influences of noise damage on cochlear outer hair cells.

Resumo Introdução: Pesquisas anteriores sugeriram que indivíduos de diferentes grupos sanguíneos apresentam incidências distintas de perda auditiva induzida por ruído. As amplitudes reduzidas das emissões otoacústicas indicaram maiores ou menores possibilidades de danos às células ciliadas por exposição a ruídos. Objetivo: Analisar as características das emissões otoacústicas, inclusive a ocorrência de emissões otoacústicas espontâneas e as amplitudes de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção em determinadas frequências em neonatos a termo de diferentes grupos sanguíneos do sistema ABO. Método: Foram incluídos 80 neonatos a termo selecionados na triagem auditiva neonatal inicial para participar do estudo, com número igual de participantes de grupos sanguíneos do sistema ABO (grupo sanguíneo A, grupo sanguíneo B, grupo sanguíneo AB e grupo sanguíneo O). As emissões otoacústicas espontâneas e emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção foram medidas em ambas as orelhas de todos os participantes. Resultados: (1) Os participantes do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram ocorrências de emissões otoacústicas espontâneas significantemente menores do que os dos outros três grupos sanguíneos (A = 70%, B = 80%, AB = 67%, O = 25%, p < 0,05). (2) Os participantes do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram amplitudes de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção mais baixas a 1257 Hz (M = 4,55 dB, DP = 8,36), 1587 Hz (M = 11,60 dB, DP = 6,57), 3174 Hz (M = 7,25 dB, DP = 5,99), 5042 Hz (M = 13,0, DP = 6,70) do que os participantes dos outros três grupos sanguíneos nas orelhas esquerdas (p < 0,05). Nas orelhas direitas, os participantes do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram amplitudes reduzidas em 1257 Hz (M = 6,55 dB, DP = 8,36), 1587 Hz (M = 13,60 dB, DP = 6,57), 3174 Hz (M = 7,65 dB, DP = 6,43), 5042 Hz (M = 13,65 dB, DP = 6,50) em comparação aos participantes de grupos sanguíneos não O (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os indivíduos do sexo feminino do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram valores menores de emissões otoacústicas do que os indivíduos dos outros três grupos sanguíneos. É necessário continuar a investigar as possíveis relações entre o grupo sanguíneo ABO e a função coclear, inclusive as possíveis influências do dano por ruídos às células ciliadas externas da cóclea.

Diagnostic value of ABR wave and DPOAE test in 65 infants with secretory otitis media / 中国基层医药

Objective To study and analyze the diagnostic value of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in infants with secretory otitis media.Methods From June 2016 to June 2018,65 infants (120 ears) with secretory otitis media who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Taizhou were selected.All the 120 ears were diagnosed by ABR wave test and DPOAE test machine.The results of different diagnostic methods were observed and compared.Results Among 65 cases (120 ears),60 ears (50.00%) with mildly abnormality,43 ears (35.83%) with moderate abnormality and 17 ears (14.17%) with normal ABR wave Ⅴresponse threshold.There was no statistically significant difference in Ⅰ-Ⅴwave interval between the mild abnormal group and the normal group ( P ＞0.05 ), but Ⅰ -Ⅴ wave interval in the moderate abnormal group [( 4.27 ± 0.27)ms in moderate abnormal group ] was significantly shorter than that in the normal group [(4.75 ±0.31) ms] and the mild abnormal group [(4.73 ±0.21)ms],the differences were statistically significant (t＝5.949,9.722,all P＜0.05).TheⅤresponse threshold of bone -guided ABR wave was normal in 108 ears(90.00%,108／120).TheⅤlatency of bone guided wave was (8.16 ±0.22) ms,and abnormal in 12 ears (10.00%,12／120).With the increase of the gas conduction reaction threshold ,the bone conduction ABR reaction threshold also increased ,but it was not as obvious as the air conduction.The wave Ⅴ latency in the normal BRT group was significantly lower than that in the abnormal group ( compared with mild abnormal group , t ＝17.400,P ＜0.05;compared with moderate abnormal group,t＝130.015,P＜0.05).DPOAE test failed 86 ears (71.67%,86／120),passed through 34 ears (28.33%,34／120).Conclusion The latency of ABR wave I is sensitive to the diagnosis of secretory otitis media in infants.The combination of DPOAE and ABR is helpful to the early diagnosis of the disease.ABR and DPOAE tests have high value and are worthy of popularizing in clinic.

Diagnostic value of ABR wave and DPOAE test in 65 infants with secretory otitis media / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To study and analyze the diagnostic value of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in infants with secretory otitis media.@*Methods@#From June 2016 to June 2018, 65 infants (120 ears) with secretory otitis media who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Taizhou were selected.All the 120 ears were diagnosed by ABR wave test and DPOAE test machine.The results of different diagnostic methods were observed and compared.@*Results@#Among 65 cases (120 ears), 60 ears (50.00%) with mildly abnormality, 43 ears (35.83%) with moderate abnormality and 17 ears (14.17%) with normal ABR wave Ⅴ response threshold.There was no statistically significant difference in Ⅰ-Ⅴ wave interval between the mild abnormal group and the normal group (P>0.05), but Ⅰ-Ⅴ wave interval in the moderate abnormal group[(4.27±0.27)ms in moderate abnormal group] was significantly shorter than that in the normal group[(4.75±0.31)ms] and the mild abnormal group[(4.73±0.21)ms], the differences were statistically significant(t=5.949, 9.722, all P<0.05). The Ⅴ response threshold of bone-guided ABR wave was normal in 108 ears(90.00%, 108/120). The Ⅴ latency of bone guided wave was (8.16±0.22)ms, and abnormal in 12 ears (10.00%, 12/120). With the increase of the gas conduction reaction threshold, the bone conduction ABR reaction threshold also increased, but it was not as obvious as the air conduction.The wave Ⅴ latency in the normal BRT group was significantly lower than that in the abnormal group (compared with mild abnormal group, t=17.400, P<0.05; compared with moderate abnormal group, t=130.015, P<0.05). DPOAE test failed 86 ears (71.67%, 86/120), passed through 34 ears (28.33%, 34/120).@*Conclusion@#The latency of ABR wave I is sensitive to the diagnosis of secretory otitis media in infants.The combination of DPOAE and ABR is helpful to the early diagnosis of the disease.ABR and DPOAE tests have high value and are worthy of popularizing in clinic.

Finding out incidence of deafness among neonates at a tertiary care centre of western Rajasthan, India using otoacoustic emission

Background: Newborn hearing screening is conducted to identify suspected hearing loss and not to confirm the presence/absence of hearing loss or define features of the loss. Speech and hearing are interrelated, i.e., a problem with one could mean a problem with the other as speech and language is acquired normally through auditory system.Methods: A descriptive study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, from June 2016 to December 2017. 5000 neonates were screened using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) in 2 stages at birth during 3rd to 7th day and 15-30 days respectively, followed by BERA at 3 months of age.Results: 1.4 infants per thousand infants had hearing loss. Presence of high-risk factors was seen to be associated be associated with hearing loss more than normal infants on screening with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) tests. However, on testing with BERA no such association was seen.Conclusions: 1.4 per 1000 infants had hearing loss. This study has shown that two stage distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) hearing screening followed by british educational research association '(BERA) to confirm the hearing deficit, can be successfully implemented as new born hearing screening method in a hospital set-up, for early detection of hearing impaired, on a large scale, to achieve the high-quality standard of screening programs in a resource limited and developing nation like India.

Ototoxicity: A Challenge in Diagnosis and Treatment

Ototoxicity is the pharmacological adverse reaction affecting the inner ear or auditory nerve, characterized by cochlear or vestibular dysfunction. The panorama of drug-induced hearing loss has widened over last few decades. Although ototoxic medications play an imperative role in modern medicine, they have the capacity to cause harm and lead to significant morbidity. Evidence has shown early detection of toxicity through prospective ototoxicity monitoring allows for consideration of treatment modifications to minimize or prevent permanent hearing loss and balance impairment. Although many ototoxicity monitoring protocols exist, their practicality is questionable due to several factors. Even though the existing protocols have proven to be effective, certain lacunae in practice have been encountered due to discrepancies among recommended protocols. Implementation of these protocols is mostly held back due to the incapacitated status of the patient. The choice of early ototoxicity identification techniques is still debatable due to variables such as high degree of sensitivity, specificity and reliability, less time consumption and less labour-intensive to the patient. Hence, the diagnosis and effective treatment of ototoxicity is challenging, even today. A stringent protocol with more practicality encompassing all elements aimed at profiling the effects of ototoxicity is greatly needed. This review describes an efficient application of ototoxicity monitoring and treatment protocol as an attempt to reduce the challenges in diagnosis and management of ototoxicity.

The Effect of Primary Levels and Frequencies on the Contralateral Suppression of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) caused by contralateral suppression (CS) allow the function of the auditory efferent system to be evaluated. Parameters affording maximum CS are preferred in terms of clinical application. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of primary levels and frequencies on DPOAE-mediated CS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixteen subjects with normal hearing participated. DPOAEs were recorded with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation; we delivered broadband noise of 65 dB SPL at f2 frequencies between 1,000 Hz and 6,727 Hz, at 8 pt/octave. The L2 was varied between 40 dB SPL and 80 dB SPL in 10-dB steps. RESULTS: L2 did not significantly affect DPOAE-mediated CS. Higher L2 levels significantly reduced the fine structure depth of both the baseline and suppressed DPOAE datasets. The amount of CS was greatly affected by the f2 frequency; lower and higher frequency ranges afforded significantly stronger suppression than did mid-frequencies within the studied range. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that DPOAE CS should be measured over a wide range of frequencies as the amount of CS seems to be highly dependent on f2. The use of a higher L2 level may be optimal when it is sought to evoke strong DPOAE-mediated suppression while simultaneously minimizing DPOAE fine structure. Our findings may assist in optimization of clinical procedures evaluating the integrity of the auditory efferent system.

Analysis of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Hepatitis B Carrier and Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Normal Pure Tone Findings / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of distortion products otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in hepatitis B carriers and chronic hepatitis B patients with normal pure tone results .Methods DPOAE was detected in 29 hepatitis B carriers (58 ears) ,30 chronic hepatitis B patients (60 ears)and 30 normal controls .The three groups had normal pure tone results .The detection rate and amplitude difference of DPOAE at 553～6250 Hz were compared between the two groups .Results The incidence of the DPOAE in HBV carriers for all the frequencies was higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B group ,but there was no significant difference (P>0 .05) .The level of the DPOAE in HBV carriers for all the frequencies was higher than that in chronic hepatitis B group ,and there were significant differences at 1105 ,1560 ,2211 ,3125 ,4416 ,6250 Hz (P<0 .05) ,and at 1560 ,2211 ,6250 Hz(P<0 .01) ,except at 553 ,783 Hz (P>0 .05) .Conclusion There is a potential loss of cochlear functions in the chronic hepatitis B group compared with the HBV carrying group .We suspect that the progress of liver disease is related to the potential hearing loss .

Functional Significance of Medial Olivocochlear System Morphology in the Mouse Cochlea

OBJECTIVES: Baso-apical gradients exist in various cochlear structures including medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system. This study investigated the cochlear regional differentials in the function and morphology of the MOC system, and addressed the functional implications of regional MOC efferent terminals (ETs) in the mouse cochlea. METHODS: In CBA/J mice, MOC reflex (MOCR) was assessed based on the distortion product otoacoustic emission in the absence and presence of contralateral acoustic stimulation. High, middle, and low frequencies were grouped according to a mouse place-frequency map. Cochlear whole mounts were immunostained for ETs with anti-α-synuclein and examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The diameters of ETs and the number of ETs per outer hair cell were measured from the z-stack images of the basal, middle and apical regions, respectively. RESULTS: The middle cochlear region expressed large, clustered MOC ETs with strong MOCR, the base expressed small, less clustered ETs with strong MOCR, and the apex expressed large, but less clustered ETs with weak MOCR. CONCLUSION: The mouse cochlea demonstrated regional differentials in the function and morphology of the MOC system. Strong MOCR along with superior MOC morphology in the middle region may contribute to ‘signal detection in noise,’ the primary efferent function, in the best hearing frequencies. Strong MOCR in spite of inferior MOC morphology in the base may reflect the importance of ‘protection from noise trauma’ in the high frequencies.

Protective effect of tanshinoneⅡA on radiation injury of cochlea / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the protective effects on radiation injury of guinea pigs 'cochlea by sul-fotanshinoneⅡA sodium injection. Methods 20 guinea pigs(40 ears)were randomly divided into control group , radiotherapy(RT)group,radiotherapy and drug(RT+D)group and drug(D)group. The guinea pigs in the RT+D group and the D group were injected intraperitoneally with tanshinone on 2 days before the irradiation and last-ed for 7 days,while the guinea pigs in the control group and the RT group were injected intrapertoneally with equal amount of physiological saline at the same time. All the guinea pigs underwent audiologic test with DPOAE and ABR at different time points before and after the irradiation,which were d0,d7 and d8w. All pigs were sacrificed after the completion of the audiologic experimental and for histologic observation. Results After the irradiation, the DPOAE amplitudes of the guinea pigs in both RT group(F=1134.064,P<0.001)and RT+D group(F=664.185,P < 0.001)decreased significantly,but the range in the RT + D group was lower than in the RT group (P<0.001). The ABR threshold of the guinea pigs raised significantly in the RT group(F=12.228,P=0.002 <0.05),but not in the RT+D group(F=2.867,P=0.102>0.05). Histological examination showed that the dam-age degree of hair cells,stria vascularis and the spiral ganglion cells in the organ of Corti of the guinea pigs were lower than in the RT + D group,but higher in the RT group. Conclusion Sulfotanshinone ⅡA sodium injection can provide protection against radiation injury of guinea cochlea.

Protective effect of tanshinoneⅡA on radiation injury of cochlea / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the protective effects on radiation injury of guinea pigs 'cochlea by sul-fotanshinoneⅡA sodium injection. Methods 20 guinea pigs(40 ears)were randomly divided into control group , radiotherapy(RT)group,radiotherapy and drug(RT+D)group and drug(D)group. The guinea pigs in the RT+D group and the D group were injected intraperitoneally with tanshinone on 2 days before the irradiation and last-ed for 7 days,while the guinea pigs in the control group and the RT group were injected intrapertoneally with equal amount of physiological saline at the same time. All the guinea pigs underwent audiologic test with DPOAE and ABR at different time points before and after the irradiation,which were d0,d7 and d8w. All pigs were sacrificed after the completion of the audiologic experimental and for histologic observation. Results After the irradiation, the DPOAE amplitudes of the guinea pigs in both RT group(F=1134.064,P<0.001)and RT+D group(F=664.185,P < 0.001)decreased significantly,but the range in the RT + D group was lower than in the RT group (P<0.001). The ABR threshold of the guinea pigs raised significantly in the RT group(F=12.228,P=0.002 <0.05),but not in the RT+D group(F=2.867,P=0.102>0.05). Histological examination showed that the dam-age degree of hair cells,stria vascularis and the spiral ganglion cells in the organ of Corti of the guinea pigs were lower than in the RT + D group,but higher in the RT group. Conclusion Sulfotanshinone ⅡA sodium injection can provide protection against radiation injury of guinea cochlea.

The Effects of Different Selective Attentions on Amplitudes of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of different selective attention on the amplitudes of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) .Methods DPOAE measurements were performed in 30 young adults (60 ears) in no task (baseline) ,visual selective attention and auditory selective attention ,respectively .The suppression of DPOAE amplitudes were observed in different selective attentions .The visual selective attention was to counter the number of letter Q presented on computer screen .The auditory selective attention was to counter the number of 2 .0 kHz toneburst in the insert earphone .Results Visual and auditory selective attention both decreased the DPOAE amplitudes in mid - low frequencies (0 .75 ~ 2 .0 kHz) .The suppression effects of visual selective attention were significant stronger than that of auditory attention in 0 .75 ~ 1 .0 kHz .The suppression amplitudes were 8 .54 ± 4 .76 and 5 .27 ± 2 .32 dB at 0 .75 kHz ,respectively .They were 7 .66 ± 5 .22 and 3 .22 ± 2 .15 dB at 1 .0 kHz ,re‐spectively .There were significant differences between the two selective attentions suppression (P< 0 .05) .Conclu‐sion Visual and auditory selective attention can both decrease the DPOAE amplitudes .The suppression effects of visual selective attention were significant stronger than that of auditory attention .

Efectos de la variación de la intensidad de los tonos primarios sobre las amplitudes de Emisiones Otoacústicas Producto de Distorsión (EOApd) en sujetos con audición dentro de rangos de normalidad / Effects of varying the intensity of the primary tones on the amplitudes of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEdp) in patients with normal hearing

Introducción: Las emisiones otoacústicas (EOA) son sonidos generados por las células ciliadas externas (CCE). Se ha visto que la generación y registro de las EOA evocadas depende de factores técnicos de evaluación como el nivel de intensidad de los tonos primarios, relación frecuencial entre los tonos, etc. Objetivos: Estudiar el efecto de la variación de la intensidad de los tonos primarios en la amplitud de la respuesta de las EOA producto de distorsión (pd) en individuos con audición normal. Material y método: Se evaluaron 35 individuos a los cuales se les midieron EOApd utilizando diferentes intensidades de tonos primarios: Intensidad baja (I1=50dBSPL e I2=50dBSPL), intensidad media (I1=55dBSPL e I2=65dBSPL) e intensidad alta (I1=70dBSPL e I2=70dBSPL). Resultados: Se observó que para tonos primarios a bajas intensidades (I1=50dBSPL e I2=50dBSPL) existe una disminución tanto en amplitud y presencia de las EOApd, mientras que para tonos primarios a intensidades mayores (I1=55dBSPL e I2=65dBSPL - I1=70dBSPL e I2=70dBSPL) se evidenció un aumento en amplitud y presencia de EOApd en los sujetos estudiados. Conclusión: Se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la amplitud de las EOApd al variar la intensidad de los tonos primarios. Por lo cual se puede establecer que las intensidades medias-altas son las más adecuadas para la evaluación de EOApd en sujetos con audición normal.

Introduction: Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) are sounds produced by outer hair cells. The generation and recording of evoked OAE depends on technical factors such as level of intensity of primary tones, frequency relationship between the tones, etc. Aim: To study the effect of varying the intensity of primary tones in the amplitude of the response of Distortion Product OAE (DP) in individuals with normal hearing. Material and method: 35 individuals were measured using different intensities OAEdp primary tones: Low Intensity (I1= I2 =50dBSPL 50dBSPL e), Medium Intensity (11= I2 =65dBSPL 55dBSPL e) and High Intensity (I1 =70dBSPL and I2 =70dBSPL). Results: Using Low primary tones (I1 =I2 =50dBSPL 50dBSPL) there is a decrease in amplitude and presence of DPOAE, while for primary tones at higher intensities (I1 and I2 = = 55dBSPL 65dBSPL -11 =70dBSPL and I2 =70dBSPL) an increase in amplitude and presence of OAEdp in subjects with normal hearing was observed . Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences in OAEdp amplitude by varying the intensity of the primary tones. Therefore medium-high intensities are best suited for the evaluation of OAEdp in subjects with normal hearing.

Analysis of 2823 cases of newborn hearing screening of Guangyang District in Langfang / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the present stage newborn loss of hearing morbidity situation of Guangyang District in Langfang,in order to carry the early intervention.Methods The application distortion product ear sound launch meter 2823 newborns who the women's and children's dispensary is born to Guang Yangqu carries on the hearing to sieve looks up,initially sieves passing about 42 days duplicate not to sieve,duplicate does not deve pass ing,transfers the Langfang mother and child care center to make the ABR inspection,ABR passing has not changed over to the Beijing Colleague Hospital hearing diagnostic center further to inspect.Results Initially sieves the newborn 2823 examples,the diagnosis loss of hearing(light,medium and heavy)8 people,the loss of heating disease incidence rate 2.83‰.Conclusion Guang Yangqu the newborn loss of heating disease incidence rate 2.83‰,the specific weight loss disease incidence rate 1.06‰,through sieves looks up,the newborn loss of heating may the early time discover,the early diagnosis,carries on the early intervention,may enhance the hearing impairment spoken language growth.

Analysis of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission in Pilots Under Physical Examination for Modification to Equipment of High Performance Aircraft / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To evaluate the hearing function of pilots under physical examination for modification to equipment of high performance aircraft,using pure tone audiometry(PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE).Methods Analyzed were all the results of PTA and DPOAE of 75 pilots (150 ears) which accepted physical examination for modification to equipment of high performance aircraft in our department from March 2008 to February 2009.75 cases were divided into two groups according to their flight time.The difference between these two groups was studied.Results According to the Equipments of Physical Constitution for Flying Persons of Air force,PLA,all 75 pilots passed the ENT assessments as being qualified for flying.Of all 150 ears,abnormal DPOAEs were obviously higher than that of abnormal PTA tests.128 ears had normal PTA results.92 ears had normal DPOAE results.36 ears (27.6&) showed abnormal DPOAEs at one or more frequencies,especially at 1,3 and 4 kHz.22 ears had abnormal PTA results.20 ears had noticeable V or U shaped thresholds at 3 kHz and/or 4 kHz.The DPOAE amplitudes showed similar curves.The other two ears showed depressions at all frequencies,in both PTA and DPOAE tests.No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in DPOAE.But statistical difference was found in DPOAE at 4 kHz compared with other frequencies.No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in DPOAE amplitudes at 1,2,3 and 4 kHz.but at 6 and 8 kHz.Conclusion The application of DPOAE test helped find pilots who were on the early stage of noise-induced hearing loss.These pilots were the most important objects for us to follow up.

Emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção em ovinos normais e após indução de hiperinsulinemia / Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in sheep before and after hyperinsulinemia induction

As emissões otoacústicas transientes evocadas e as emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção vêm assumindo importância significativa na identificação de alterações cocleares. OBJETIVO: Através da monitorização das emissões otoacústicas, registrar os limiares dos produtos de distorção em condições normais e na presença de modificações eletrofisiológicas nas células ciliadas externas cocleares de ovelhas após a indução de hiperinsulinemia aguda. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo experimental com sete ovelhas no grupo-controle e sete no grupo-estudo. Os níveis de insulina e glicose foram verificados simultaneamente ao registro das emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção de 10 em 10 minutos, até o tempo de 90 minutos. O grupo-controle recebeu soro fisiológico, e o grupo-estudo, injeção em bolo de 0,1 U/kg de insulina humana regular. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição significante nos limiares dos produtos de distorção no grupo-estudo em relação ao grupo-controle nas freqüências acima de 1.500 Hz e após o tempo de 60 minutos (P < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo permitiu estabelecer os limiares das emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção em ovelhas com constante reprodutibilidade, o que mostra que o método é adequado para uso em investigações audiológicas e otológicas. Ficou, ainda, plenamente identificado que o hiperinsulinismo agudo foi capaz de provocar relevantes modificações nestes limiares.

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion product otoacoustic emissions have gained significant importance in the identification of cochlear alterations. AIM: To record distortion product thresholds through the monitoring of otoacoustic emissions in normal conditions and in the presence of electrophysiologic changes in cochlear outer hair cells in sheep after hyperinsulinemia induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental study, with seven sheep in the control group and seven in the study group. Insulin and glucose concentrations were measured simultaneously for the recording of distortion product otoacoustic emission every 10 minutes, all the way to 90 minutes. The control group received saline solution, and the study group received a bolus injection of 0.1 U/kg of regular human insulin. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in distortion product thresholds in the study group when compared to the control group at frequencies greater than 1,500Hz and after 60 minutes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study established distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds in sheep with constant reproducibility, demonstrating that the method is adequate for use in audiology and otology investigations. Results also fully confirm that acute hyperinsulinemia may cause important changes in these thresholds.

Neonatal hearing screening in a neonatal intensive care unit using distortion product otoacoustic emissions / 소아과

PURPOSE: Early detection and intervention of hearing impairment is believed to improve speech and language development and behavior of children. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the prevalence of hearing impairments, and to identify the association of risk factors relating to refer response in high risk neonates who were screened using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). METHODS: The subjects included 871 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Pediatric Department in Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital from May, 2001 to December, 2004. They were screened using DPOAE. Based on DPOAE, we divided the neonates in two groups:'Pass' and 'Refer'. The differences in risk factors between the pass group and the refer group were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of the refer group was 12.1 percent(106 out of 871). The bilateral refer rate was 5.4 percent(47 out of 871). And the unilateral refer rate was 6.7 percent(59 out of 871). Gender, birth place, family history of hearing loss, small/large for gestational age, obstetrical factor, hyperbilirubinemia and use of gentamicin were not statistically related to the refer rate. Statistically related to refer rate were birth weight, resuscitated neonates, Apgar score, craniofacial anomaly, mechanical ventilator application, sepsis, using of vancomycin(P or = 60 dB) in this study was 2 percent(18 out of 871). CONCLUSION: This study showed a higher prevalence of hearing impairment in high-risk neonates. Thus neonatal hearing screening should be carried out in high-risk neonates.