Effect of ab-externo circumferential suture trabeculotomy on 24-hour pattern of intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the effect of ab-externo circumferential suture trabeculotomy(CST)on the 24 h pattern of intraocular pressure(IOP)in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS: This retrospective study included 18 POAG patients who had poor control of IOP from March 2021 to May 2022. The ab-externo CST was performed, and IOP was tested preoperatively and 1 a postoperatively(9:00 a.m., 12:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m., 9:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m., 3 a.m., and 6:00 a.m.). The mean, peak, trough, and range of IOP, as well as the average diurnal-nocturnal IOP change were calculated and compared.RESULTS: The 24 h IOP curves exhibited a decreasing trend during the diurnal period and an increasing trend during the nocturnal period, reaching a trough in the afternoon and peaking at night; the time of trough and peak IOP occurred several hours earlier compared to preoperative eyes. Postoperatively, the mean, peak, and trough IOP values were significantly lower compared to preoperative levels. The range of fluctuation showed no significant difference, while the average diurnal-nocturnal IOP change increased significantly.CONCLUSION: CST could reduce IOP of patients with POAG, but could not change the range of IOP fluctuation. However, an increase in the average diurnal-nocturnal IOP change was observed, indicating that CST might not necessarily reduce diurnal-nocturnal IOP fluctuations.

Effect of diurnal temperature difference on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi in 2019-2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the effect of diurnal temperature difference on hospitalization volume of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi City. Methods The daily hospitalization data for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi City from 2019-2021, and meteorological and pollutant data for the same period were collected. The relationship between diurnal temperature range and hospitalizations for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was analyzed using a distribution lag non-linear model (DLNM), controlling for the long-term trends, the day-of-week effects and other factors. Results The greater the diurnal temperature range, the longer the lag time, and the higher the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The lag effect increased significantly when the maximum diurnal temperature range reached 21.0°C. The risk effect appeared on the day of exposure and lasted until day 20, with a maximum RR of 1.266 (95% CI: 1.129-1.421) at a lag of 13 days. At very high diurnal temperature range, the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in the cold season than that in the warm season. Results after stratified analysis by sex and age showed that men and people aged ≥65 years were more susceptible to diurnal temperature range. Conclusion Extremely high diurnal temperature range is a potential trigger for hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi. Men and people aged ≥65 years are more vulnerable to the impact of diurnal temperature range. In the cold season, more attention should be paid to protecting vulnerable people from the impact of the extremely high diurnal temperature difference.

Change in balance ability in day time and the factors in healthy young people using a stabilometer / 体力科学

Maintaining posture and movement stabilities, that is, balance, is particularly important for safety in daily life along with performing exercises. The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in static and dynamic balance abilities from 8:00 to 18:00 and investigate the factors of change in balance ability among healthy young people. The subjects were nine relatively active healthy university students. The static and dynamic balance abilities were measured by a body sway test while static standing and the Cross Test, in which the center of gravity was voluntarily moved to the maximum in the front, back, left, and right directions, respectively. No change with time was observed in the static balance index. However, the maximum amplitude in the anteroposterior direction, an index of dynamic balance, significantly increased with time (8:00 vs 18:00, p<0.05). Sleepiness score significantly decreased with time (8:00 vs 18:00, p<0.05). As a result of simple correlation analysis, there were significant relationships between static balance indices (environmental area and rectangle area) and autonomic activity index (heart rate variability) at many times (p<0.05). Thus, it was concluded that the static balance ability was not affected by time. Furthermore, the ability to move the center of gravity in the anteroposterior direction of dynamic balance was low during morning and increased with time in relatively active healthy young people. Additionally, it was suggested that autonomic nervous activity was associated with static balance and the sleepiness was associated with dynamic balance.

Diurnal differences in acute gout attacks: A clinical study of male gout patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the diurnal difference of acute gout attacks in men, and provide reference for accurate clinical prevention and treatment.@*METHODS@#Using a single-center, cross-sectional study design, the patients diagnosed with gout in the outpatient department of Rheumatology and Immuno-logy of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force No.980 Hospital from October 2021 to April 2022 were selected. The information about the patient's current/last acute gout attacks (less than 2 weeks from visit), date and time of attacks, joint symptoms and signs, medication use, and relevant biochemical tests on the day of visit was recorded. The diurnal time difference of acute gout attacks in male patients was analyzed, and univariate comparison and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare the diurnal difference of acute gout attacks with clinical characteristics and biochemical indicators.@*RESULTS@#A total of 100 male gout patients were included, and 100 acute attacks were recorded. Diurnal distribution of acute gout attacks: morning (6:00~11:59, 18, 18%), afternoon (12:00~17:59, 11, 11%), the first half of the night (18:00~23:59, 22, 22%), the second half of the night (0:00~05:59, 49, 49%); During the day (included morning and afternoon, 29, 29%) and at night (included the first half of the night and the second half of the night, 71, 71%). The rate of acute gout attack was significantly higher at night than in the day (about 2.5 ∶1). No matter the first or recurrent gout, no matter the duration of the disease, the number of acute gout attacks had the difference of less in the day and more in the night. Serum urate (SU) level was higher in the patients with nocturnal attack than in those with daytime attack (P=0.044). Comorbidities were significantly different in the day-night ratio of the number of acute gout attack (P=0.028). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that SU level (OR=1.005, 95%CI: 1.001-1.009) and comorbidities (OR=3.812, 95%CI: 1.443-10.144) were the correlative factors of nocturnal acute gout attacks.@*CONCLUSION@#No matter the first or recurrent gout, no matter the duration of the disease, it has a diurnal variation characterized by multiple attacks at night, increased SU level and comorbidities are correlative factors for nocturnal acute attack of gout.

Effect of Diurnal Temperature Range on the Number of Residents Hospitalized Due to Stroke in Lanzhou / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and the hospitalization of stroke in Lanzhou,so as to provide a scientific basis for probing into the mechanism of temperature changes in inducing stroke and formulating comprehensive prevention and control measures for stroke by relevant departments.Methods The information of the patients hospitalized due to stroke in Lanzhou during January 2014 to December 2019 and the air pollutants (PM10,SO2,and NO2) and meteorological data in the same period were collected for statistical analysis.Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlations between air pollutants and meteorological factors.The distributed lag nonlinear model was adopted to fit the relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients,and three-dimensional diagrams and the correlation diagrams of DTR against stroke risk were established.The stratified analysis was performed according to gender and age (< 65 years and ≥65 years).Results From 2014 to 2019,a total of 92 812 stroke patients were hospitalized in Lanzhou,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1.There was a nonlinear relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients in Lanzhou,which presented a lag effect.The low DTR at 4.5 ℃ had the largest RR value of 1.25 (95%CI=1.16-1.35) for stroke inpatients at a cumulative lag of 18 d.The effect of high DTR (18.5 ℃) on the hospitalization of stroke patients peaked at a cumulative lag of 21 d,with an RR value of 1.09 (95%CI=1.01-1.18).The stratified analysis results suggested that low levels of DTR had greater effects on the hospitalization of male stroke patients and stroke patients <65 years.Conclusions Short-term exposure to different levels of DTR had an impact on the number of stroke inpatients,and low levels of DTR had a slightly greater impact on stroke inpatients than high levels of DTR.Importance should be attached to the protection of males and people aged <65 years at low levels of DTR.

24 HOUR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Background and aims: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) And Hypertension(HTN) AreAssociated With Each Other Invariably And Each Can Cause Or Aggravate TheOther.Hypertension Is A Strong Independent Risk Factor For ESRD And Contributes To TheDisease Itself, Or Most Commonly, To Its Progression.24 Hour Ambulatory Blood PressureMonitoring (ABPM) Is Superior To Clinic BP Monitoring In Predicting The Risk InHypertensive CKD Patients The Aim Of This Study Was To Review The Results OfABPM In CKD Patients Which Can Guide In Changing The Antihypertensive Therapy .Material and Methods: This Prospective Observational Study Having 63 Patients. All ThePatients Fulfilling The Criteria Of CKD According To The KDIGO Guidelines And Above18 Years Of Age Were Included In This Study Whose 24 Hour Ambulatory BloodPressure Was Measured.Detailed History, Clinical Examination And RelevantInvestigations Were Recorded Comparisons Of Various ABPM Characteristics WEREDone And P Value <0.005 Was Considered Significant.Results: Out Of 63 Patients (M:38,F:25)Maximum Patients (25.39%)Were In Age Group61-70 Years (M:61-70,F:41-45).51(80.95%)Patients Were On Dialysis And 12(19.04%)Patients Were Not On Dialysis. In This Study 57 Patients Had Hypertension,44 Had DM,16 Had IHD.In This Study 2(3.17%) Patients Were CKD Stage I,5(7.93%) WereStage II,1(1.58%) Was Stage lll, 6(9.52%) Were Stage IV And 49 (77.77%) Were Stage V.Out OfTotal 16(25.39%) Patients Were Dippers ,21 (33.33%) Were Non Dippers, 21(33.33%) WereReverse Dippers And 5 (7.93%) Were Extreme Dippers..Mean ABPM Systolic BP ,MeanABPM Diastolic BP,Mean PTA Systolic BP,Mean Arterial Pressure Were SignificantlyHigher In Male Patients which were On Dialysis Than Patient Not On Dialysis.Conclusion: ABPM is Superior Than Clinical Bp Monitoring In Predicting The FutureCommunications In CKD Patients Especially PTE,HBI MAP And Other Parameter To Guide ToFormulate Treatment Protocol Identifying Such Patients Of Hypertension In Earlier Stages OfCKD,Helped In Morbidity Outcomes While Identifying In Later Stages Of CKD Helped In MortalityBenefits.

Significance of non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related factors particularly in normal tension glaucoma: Looking beyond IOP

Purpose: To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in patients with POAG and NTG. The secondary objective was to identify other contributory ischemic factors. Methods: This was an observational cross?sectional study from a tertiary eye hospital in patients who underwent full?day diurnal variation of tension (DVT). Blood pressure (BP) and IOP measurements were done every 3 h over 24 h. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MOPP were calculated. The nocturnal dip in BP was assessed; patients were classified as non?dippers, dippers, and over?dippers. The circadian MOPP fluctuation (CMF) was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and its relationship with type and severity of visual field was assessed. Results: In total, 149 patients were evaluated; 109 were classified as NTG, and 40 were classified as POAG. A nocturnal dip in BP was noted in 20% of NTG and 17.5% of POAG. The MAP was found to be lower in patients with NTG than POAG. In the NTG subgroup, we found that 20% of patients were over?dippers, 32% were dippers, and 48% were non?dippers. The CMF showed a greater fluctuation for over?dippers (P = 0.004 for the RE and 0.003 for the LE) than dippers and non?dippers. A weak positive correlation of CMF with the severity of fields was found. Conclusion: A 24?h monitoring of IOP, BP, MOPP, and assessment of systemic risk factors for primary glaucoma acts as an invaluable tool for the comprehensive management of NTG despite the limitations posed by DVT and BP recording

A time series analysis of effects of diurnal temperature range on children with bronchopneumonia in Huzhou, 2014–2019 / 环境与职业医学

Background In the context of global warming, the impact of meteorological factors on human health has gradually become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Objective To describe the distribution of children's bronchopneumonia in Huzhou City, and explore the influence of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on children with bronchopneumonia, so as to provide guidance for identifying vulnerable populations and developing targeted measures. Methods A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to explore the potential nonlinear lag effect of DTR on admission of children with bronchopneumonia in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2019. Then a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to calculate the hospital admission risk of exposure to DTR in total population and sex-, age-, season-stratified populations. Results A total of 17658 hospitalized children with bronchopneumonia were included in the study. When DTR exceeded 7.5 ℃, the relative risk rose abruptly. When DTR reached 17 ℃, the risk of admission to hospital of children with bronchopneumonia was the greatest. In terms of the single-day lag effect, the admission risk of DTR for bronchopneumonia in children began on the same day and persisted until lag day 2; it peaked on the same day, and RR was 1.353 (95%CI: 1.220-1.502). The cumulative lag effect occurred from lag0 to lag0-6, and the highest RR value was at lag0-3, which was 1.938 (95%CI:1.483-2.533). The results of stratified analysis showed that the maximum effect values for boys and girls appeared at lag0-3 (RRboys=2.301, 95%CI: 1.671-3.169) and lag0-2(RRgirls=1.566, 95%CI: 1.152-2.129) respectively, and the effect value and duration of DTR in boys were higher and longer than those in girls. Among different age groups, both children of 0-3 years old and 4-14 years old had the maximum effect value at lag 0-3, the RR values were 1.734 (95%CI: 1.454-2.572) and 1.998 (95%CI: 1.226-2.254) respectively, and the effect value and duration of DTR on the children of 4-14 years old were higher and longer than those of the children of 0-3 years old. As to seasons, no significant increase was found in cumulative effect in summer and autumn (P>0.05); in winter and spring, the maximum effect value appeared at lag0-10, and the RR value was 4.164 (95%CI:1.191-14.561). Conclusion The impact of DTR on bronchopneumonia in children is acute. Boys and children aged 4-14 years old are more sensitive to DTR changes. Therefore, we should be alert to severe DTR changes and take protective measures in advance

Intraocular pressure fluctuation range and correction after small incision lenticule extraction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To investigate changes in the normal intraocular pressure(IOP)fluctuation range after the small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in patients with low, moderate and high myopia and to explore new methods for postoperative IOP(IOP_post)correction.<p>METHODS: In this prospective case series study, 79 patients(158 eyes)who underwent SMILE at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2018 to September 2019 were involved, and they were divided into low myopia(A), moderate myopia(B), and high myopia(C)groups. The 24-hour IOP was measured by the non-contact tonometer(NCT)and Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT). Spherical equivalent(SE), central corneal thickness(CCT), the horizontal corneal diameter(WTW), corneal curvature, corneal volume(CV), ratio of the central 3-mm diameter CV(CCV_3mm)to the total CV, and the ratio of the cutting CV(ΔCV)to the CV were measured 3d preoperatively and 6mo postoperatively. The correlation between the postoperative NCT measurements(NCT_post)and various factors was statistically analysed, and the IOP_post expression model was established by phased multiple linear regression analysis.<p>RESULTS:The differences in IOP measured by NCT and GAT were not statistically significant(<i>P</i>>0.05), but the differences in IOP of the three groups were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). The IOP_post range by NCT were 8-17 mmHg in group A, 7-16.3 mmHg in group B, and 7.7-14.3 mmHg in group C. The IOP_post range by GAT were 8-17 mmHg. The IOP_post fluctuation was <6 mmHg. The IOP_post difference between the right eye and left eye was 0-4 mmHg. A staged multivariate regression model was established: NCT_{post corrected(A)}= 0.349 × NCT_post + 4.137 × CCV_pre3mm - 1.533; NCT_{post corrected(B)}= 0.477 × NCT_post + 3.643 × CCV_post3mm -1.125; NCT_{post corrected(C)}= 0.638 × NCT_post + 3.426 × CCV_post3mm -0.716.<p>CONCLUSION:The IOP measured by NCT and GAT after SMILE was lower than that measured before surgery. For different patients, the greater the rate of change in CV before and after surgery, the lower the IOP_post. CCV_post3mm is an important index for evaluating IOP after SMILE and thus guide postoperative medication administration.

The gut microbial metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via mitigation of macrophage pro-inflammatory activity in mice

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a serious complication that occurs following shock and/or liver surgery. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are key upstream modulators of development of liver injury. Herein, we investigated the potential contribution of gut microbes to HIRI. Ischemia/reperfusion surgery was performed to establish a murine model of HIRI. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for microbial analysis. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis were employed to study the host cell responses. Our results establish HIRI was significantly increased when surgery occurred in the evening (ZT12, 20:00) when compared with the morning (ZT0, 08:00); however, antibiotic pretreatment reduced this diurnal variation. The abundance of a microbial metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid was significantly higher in ZT0 when compared with ZT12 in the gut and this compound significantly protected mice against HIRI. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid suppressed the macrophage pro-inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. This metabolite inhibits histone deacetylase activity by reducing its phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase inhibition suppressed macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and diminished the diurnal variation of HIRI. Our findings revealed a novel protective microbial metabolite against HIRI in mice. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid-dependent immune regulation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in macrophages.

Effect of diurnal temperature range on emergency room visits for acute upper respiratory tract infections

BACKGROUND@#An acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is the most common disease worldwide, irrespective of age or sex. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on emergency room (ER) visits for URI in Seoul, Korea, between 2009 and 2013.@*METHODS@#Daily ER visits for URI were selected from the National Emergency Department Information System, which is a nationwide daily reporting system for ER visits in Korea. URI cases were defined according to International Classification of Diseases, 10@*RESULTS@#There were 529,527 ER visits for URI during the study period, with a daily mean of 290 visits (range, 74-1942 visits). The mean daily DTR was 8.05 °C (range, 1.1-17.6 °C). The cumulative day (lag 02) effect of DTR above 6.57 °C per 1 °C increment was associated with a 1.42% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-2.82) increase in total URI. Children (≤ 5 years of age) were affected by DTR above 6.57 °C per 1 °C, with 1.45% (95% CI 0.32-2.60) at lag 02, adults (19-64 years) with 2.77% (95% CI 0.39-5.20) at lag 07. When the DTR (lag02) was 6.57 °C to 11.03 °C, the relative risk was significant at 6.01% (95% CI 2.45-9.69) for every 1 °C increase in youth subjects aged for 6 to 18 years.@*CONCLUSIONS@#DTR was associated with a higher risk for ER visits for URI. In addition, the results suggested that the lag effects and relative risks of DTR on URI were quite different according to age.

Melatonin decreases cocaine-induced locomotor activity in pinealectomized rats

Objective: Several studies have shown that the time of day regulates the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Additionally, melatonin and its MT1 and MT2 receptors have been found to participate in modulation of the reinforcing effects of such addictive drugs as cocaine. Loss of the diurnal variation in cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and cocaine-induced place preference has been identified in pinealectomized mice. In addition, several studies in rodents have shown that administration of melatonin decreased the reinforcing effects of cocaine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on cocaine-induced locomotor activity in pinealectomized rats at different times of day (zeitgeber time [ZT]4, ZT10, ZT16, and ZT22). Methods: Naïve, pinealectomized Wistar rats received cocaine at different times of day. Melatonin was administered 30 min before cocaine; luzindole was administered 15 min prior to melatonin and 45 min before cocaine. After administration of each treatment, locomotor activity for each animal was recorded for a total of 30 min. Pinealectomy was confirmed at the end of the experiment through melatonin quantitation by ELISA. Results: Cocaine-induced locomotor activity varied according to the time of day. Continuous lighting and pinealectomy increased cocaine-induced locomotor activity. Melatonin administration decreased cocaine-induced locomotor activity in naïve and pinealectomized rats at different times of day. Luzindole blocked the melatonin-induced reduction in cocaine-induced locomotor activity in pinealectomized rats. Conclusion: Given its ability to mitigate various reinforcing effects of cocaine, melatonin could be a useful therapy for cocaine abuse.

Curative efficacy of retetrexel combined with laparoscopic hepatectomy in treatment of patients with primary liver cancer and its effects on liver function and CIART, AFP-L3 and GP73 / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To study the curative efficacy of retetrexel combined with laparoscopic hepatectomy in treatment of patients with primary liver cancer and its effects on liver function and the effects of diurnal transcription suppressor (CIART), fetoprotein heterosomes (AFP-l3), golgi membrane protein-73 (GP73). METHODS: A total of 100 patients with primary liver cancer who were treated in our hospital from July 2012 to July 2019 were selected as study subjects, the patients were divided into observation group (n=52) and control group (n=48) according to the order of admission. The control group was treated with laparoscopic hepatectomy, and the observation group was treated with retetroxel on the basis of the control group. Serum CIART, AFP-L3, GP73, ALT, AST, TBIL, 1-year, 3-year, 5-year tumor recurrence rates and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS:Before treatment, CIART, AFP-L3, GP73, ALT, AST and TBIL levels were not significantly different between the two groups. After treatment, the levels of CIART, AFP-L3 and GP73 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P0.05). The 5-year recurrence rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was 53.84% and 52.08%, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic resection combined with letetrexed in the treatment of primary liver cancer can effectively reduce the level of ciart, AFP-L3 and GP73, and it is safe.

Diurnal variation in subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal vascularity index in healthy eyes

Purpose: To report the diurnal variation in choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in subfoveal (SF-CVI) and peripapillary area in healthy eyes. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study including 12 healthy subjects. Swept-source optical coherence tomography scans were taken at 9 am, 11 am, 1 pm, 3 pm, and 5 pm. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and CVI were calculated using automated segmentation techniques and previously validated algorithms. Systemic parameters including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and mean ocular perfusion pressure were calculated and correlated with SFCT and CVI. Results: A total of 12 eyes (right eye) of 12 patients (mean age: 26 ± 3.77 years) were analyzed. The mean (±standard deviation) amplitude of SFCT and SF-CVI variation was 35.91 ± 14.8 ?m (range, 15–69 ?m) and 0.05 ± 0.02 (range, 0.02–0.08). The mean CVI showed a significant diurnal variation in the temporal quadrant of the peripapillary region (P = 0.02). Conclusion: SFCT and SF-CVI showed a significant diurnal variation in amplitude (peak–trough analysis) and SF-CVI correlated well with SBP suggestive of a direct influence of blood pressure on choroidal vascularity. The mean peripapillary CVI in the temporal quadrant also showed a significant diurnal variation with no significant change in other quadrants.

Correlation of blood pressure variability with brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and left ventricular mass index / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To explore the association of blood pressure variability (BPV),especially diurnal blood pressure rhythm with brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI).Methods· A total of 184 hypertensive patients participated this cross sectional study.Patients were divided into dippers,non-dippers,inverted dippers and extreme dippers groups according to nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) decline.baPWV and LVMI in different groups were compared.Correlation of baPWV and LVMI with blood pressure and BPV variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.Results· After adjusted by age,BMI,hypertension duration,blood pressure in consulting room,SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 24 h,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterin,brain natriuretic peptide and ejection fraction,baPWV in non-dippers group and inverted-dippers group were significantly higher than that in dippers group and extreme dippers group (P=0.000),and LVMI was significantly higher in non-dippers group than in dippers group (P=0.001) and extreme-dippers group (P=0.022).baPWV and LVMI were both significantly correlated to age,24 h SBP and 24 h DBP,SD value of 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP,daytime SBP and DBP,nocturnal SBP and DBP,SD values of daytime SBP and DBP,SD values of nocturnal SBP and DBP in univariate linear regression models (P＜0.05).In multivariate linear regression model,baPWV was independently associated to SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.289,P=0.000),nocturnal SBP decline (β=0.398,P=0.000),daytime SBP (β=0.214,P=0.001) and SD value of daytime DBP (β=0.207,P=0.002),while LVMI was independently associated to 24 h SBP (β=0.348,P=0.000) and SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.196,P=0.026).Conclusion· baPWV was independently correlated to SD value of nocturnal SBP,nocturnal SBP decline,daytime SBP and SD value of daytime DBP,while LVMI was independently correlated to 24 h SBP and SD value of nocturnal SBP.

Changes of transport sugar content in different organs of Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

Raffinose series oligosaccharides are the transport and storage sugars of many plants, Rehmannia glutinosa is one of the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines, medicinal parts ist he roots. Root and tuber of R. glutinosa contains stachyose, raffinose and other oligosaccharides, but the study about the process of growth and development of other organs in the non-structural changes in sugar content is rare.In this study, leaves, stems and roots of R. glutinosa were used as materials to analyze the diurnal variation and the changes of sugar content of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose in different organs of R. glutinosa. The results showed that the content of sucrose in R. glutinosa leaves gradually increased from seedling stage.However, the content of stachyose did not change much at the early stage of growth, and the stachyose rapidly increased at the later stage of growth. The raffinose content gradually decreased throughout the growing season, young leaves of R. glutinosa have higher ability to sucrose synthesis than mature leaves, while mature leaf has higher raffinose and stachyose synthesis ability than young leaves. Sucrose and stachyose content in stem gradually increased, while there was little change in raffinose content. The content of raffinose and stachyose in root increased rapidly from the beginning of fast growing period, while the content of sucrose did not change much. The content of sucrose in leaves of R. glutinosa did not change much at day and night, while the daily changes of raffinose and stachyose contents were very obvious. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in daytime were higher than those at night. The content of raffinose in root and stem was not changed much, but the change of stachyose in root, stem and leaf was very obvious, especially in stem and leaf. In summary, the leaf is the main synthetic organ of raffinose, leaves, stems and roots are stachyose synthesis organ. Sucrose, raffinose and stachyose are the major transport forms of carbohydrates in R. glutinosa.

Study on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of Acanthopanax giraldii on different light intensity / 中国中药杂志

This article is aimed to study the response mechanism of Acanthopanax giraldii on different shading intensity to guide its artificial cultivation. The cultivated A. giraldii in Maoxian was used as the research object, set up different shading treatment groups, analyzed photosynthesis, physiology, submicroscopic structure to explore the response mechanism of A. giraldii to different light intensity. Light was the main influencing factor to photosynthetic rate.During morning and afternoon periods,the Pn of the CK group reduced by stomatal limitation and non stomatal limitation factors respectively. While during 14：30-18：30 period, the Pn of A₁ and A₂ groups reduced by non stomatal limitation factors.LSP, LCP and Rd of A₁ and A₂ groups were significantly lower than those of CK group;The content of SS and SP of A₁ and A₂ groups were lower than those of CK group. The content of Pro of CK group were significantly higher than those of group A₂.The activities of SOD and POD of them was higher than that of CK group,CAT activity of A₁ and POD activity of A₂ were relatively higher In their respective free radical scavenging system. Starch grain increased and base grana declined in the chloropalst of those group CK. The study results indicated that response mechanism of different shading conditions of A. giraldii under field cultivation conditions. Its could effectively adapt to environmental changes of the home cultivation,which provided a reference for ensuring yield and quality.

Correlation of blood pressure variability with brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and left ventricular mass index / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To explore the association of blood pressure variability (BPV), especially diurnal blood pressure rhythm with brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Methods: A total of 184 hypertensive patients participated this cross sectional study. Patients were divided into dippers, non-dippers, inverted dippers and extreme dippers groups according to nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) decline. baPWV and LVMI in different groups were compared. Correlation of baPWV and LVMI with blood pressure and BPV variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: After adjusted by age, BMI, hypertension duration, blood pressure in consulting room, SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 24 h, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterin, brain natriuretic peptide and ejection fraction, baPWV in non-dippers group and inverted-dippers group were significantly higher than that in dippers group and extreme dippers group (P=0.000), and LVMI was significantly higher in non-dippers group than in dippers group (P=0.001) and extreme-dippers group (P=0.022). baPWV and LVMI were both significantly correlated to age, 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP, SD value of 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP, daytime SBP and DBP, nocturnal SBP and DBP, SD values of daytime SBP and DBP, SD values of nocturnal SBP and DBP in univariate linear regression models (P<0.05). In multivariate linear regression model, baPWV was independently associated to SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.289, P=0.000), nocturnal SBP decline (β=-0.398, P=0.000), daytime SBP (β=0.214, P=0.001) and SD value of daytime DBP (β=0.207, P=0.002), while LVMI was independently associated to 24 h SBP (β=0.348, P=0.000) and SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.196, P=0.026). Conclusion: baPWV was independently correlated to SD value of nocturnal SBP, nocturnal SBP decline, daytime SBP and SD value of daytime DBP, while LVMI was independently correlated to 24 h SBP and SD value of nocturnal SBP.

Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Cultivars Prunus Humilis Bge. in Shandong Province / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

To study the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Cultivars Prunus Humilis bge. in the region of shandong, analyze on the relationship between the quality of seeds and photosynthesis, In order to formulate reasonable cultivation measures and improve the yield quality of seed production. LI-6400 portable photosynthesis apparatus was used to determine light response curve, diurnal change of photosynthetic parameters of Huadong 1 and Huadong 2. Using vernier caliper and electronic balance to measure the quality data of two varieties of eucalypis, the quality difference was analyzed. Two kinds of Prunus Humilis bge, cultivating in Shandong, had higher photosynthetic rate and higher light saturation point, and the photosynthetic rate were "unimodal" type curve. The change of the two peaks all appeared at11: 00, and had no obvious "lunch break" phenomenon. The photosynthetic rate, the utilization of strong and weak light, and the efficiency of absorption and conversion of light energy of Huadong 2, were all higher than that of Huadong 1, which had better quality. The quality of seed of Prunus Humilis bge is related to its photosynthetic capacity. When planting Prunus Humilis bge., we should formulate reasonable cultivation measures according to its features such as photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency.

Influence of diurnal temperature range on influenza incidence in the elderly / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the influence of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on influenza incidence in the elderly in Beijing and to conduct a subgroup analysis. Methods: The incidence data of daily influenza cases in the elderly and daily meteorological data from 2014 to 2016 in Beijing were collected for this study. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to explore whether the relationship between daily influenza cases and DTR is a linear one. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was established to quantify the lagged effect of DTR on daily influenza incidence in the elderly. The model was also used to estimate the effects of DTR on daily influenza incidence among various subgroups. Results: A total of 4 097 influenza cases in the elderly were notified during study period. The mean DTR was 10.153 ℃. A linear relationship between daily influenza incidence and DTR was detected by using GAM. DTR was significantly associated with daily influenza incidence between lag0 and lag5 with a maximal effect at lag0. An 1 ℃ increase of DTR was associated with a 2.0% increase in daily influenza incidence in the elderly (95%CI: 0.9%-3.0%). The RR values of males, females, people aged 60-69 years, people aged ≥70 years were 1.018 (95%CI: 1.005-1.032), 1.021(95%CI: 1.007-1.035), 1.012 (95%CI: 1.002-1.022), 1.025 (95%CI: 1.012-1.039), respectively. The influencing time of DTR on females (lag6) was longer than males (lag2). Conclusions: DTR was associated with increased risk of influenza in the elderly in Beijing. It is necessary to take targeted measures in the elderly to control the incidence of influenza when DTR becomes greater.