RESUMEN
A hepatite E é uma zoonose emergente que afeta diversas espécies de mamíferos, inclusive o ser humano. É ocasionada por um vírus da espécie Orthohepevirus A que possui diversos genótipos e subgenótipos. No Brasil é descrito o genótipo HEV-3, cujo principal reservatório é o porco doméstico. Testes moleculares e sorológicos demonstram o HEV-3 em diferentes estados, tanto em animais quanto em humanos. No estado de São Paulo, existem diversos estudos sobre a epidemiologia da hepatite E em humanos, mas faltam informações sobre o HEV-3 em suínos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de HEV por meio da técnica de RT-PCR e posterior sequenciamento em um banco de amostras de fezes de suínos colhidas entre 2008 e 2009, na região metropolitana de Campinas. Das 89 amostras analisadas, foi possível detectar o HEV-3 em sete e, pela reconstrução filogenética, foram encontrados os subgenótipos HEV-3b, HEV-3h, e HEV-3j. Uma amostra disponível no GenBank, proveniente de São Paulo, que ainda não havia sido subgenotipada, foi agrupada ao HEV-3i. Os subgenótipos HEV-3j e HEV-3i ainda não tinham sido relatados no país. O estudo demonstra uma grande diversidade genética do HEV no estado de São Paulo e reforça o caráter zoonótico da HEV-3.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Sus scrofa/virología , Filogenia , Variación Genética , Hepatitis E/veterinariaRESUMEN
Introducción: La implementación de modelos animales para el estudio de los tejidos dentales y periodontales de dientes articulados en sus alvéolos sometidos a altas temperaturas permite el establecimiento de parámetros repetitivos que contribuyen con los procesos de identificación. Objetivo: Describir los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales y periodontales de cerdo (Sus domesticus) sometidos a altas temperaturas. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de naturaleza pseudo-experimental in vitro para observar los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales y periodontales en 60 dientes de cerdo doméstico sometidos a altas temperaturas (200, 400, 600, 800 y 1,000 ºC). Resultados: Los tejidos dentales y periodontales estudiados presentan gran resistencia a las altas temperaturas sin variar considerablemente su microestructura, de tal manera que los cambios físicos (estabilidad dimensional, fisuras, grietas y fracturas) que ocurren en la medida que aumenta la temperatura pueden describirse a través de radiografía convencional. Conclusiones: El análisis radiográfico de los dientes articulados en sus respectivos alvéolos se constituye en un mecanismo para determinar la temperatura a la cual estuvo sometido un diente, lo que puede ser empleado durante el proceso de identificación odontológica y documentación de la necropsia médico-legal para el caso de cadáveres o restos humanos quemados, carbonizados e incinerados. El cerdo doméstico (Sus domesticus) se constituye en un modelo animal experimental adecuado para estudiar dichos cambios; sin embargo, se recomienda realizar un estudio en dientes humanos articulados en su respectiva unidad alveolar, para determinar si los hallazgos radiográficos descritos se repiten y son extrapolables.
Introduction: The implementation of animal models for the study of periodontal and dental tissues of teeth articulated into their sockets and subjected to high temperatures allows the establishment of repetitive parameters which might contribute to identification processes. Aim: To describe radiographic changes of pig's (Sus domesticus) periodontal and dental tissues subjected to high temperatures. Material and methods: An in vitro pseudo-experimental, descriptive and observational study was undertaken in order to assess radiological changes of periodontal and dental tissues of 60 domestic pig's teeth which had been subjected to high temperatures (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 ºC). Results: The dental and periodontal tissues subject of this research article presented strong resistance to high temperatures without considerable variation of their micro-structure. Thus, physical changes (dimensional stability, fissures, cracks and fractures) which took place as temperature increased, could be described using a conventional X-ray. Conclusions: Radiographic examination of teeth articulated in their sockets can be established as a mechanism to determine the temperature at which the tooth was subjected. This could be used in processes of dental identification and medical-legal autopsy documentation in cases of burned, carbonized or incinerated human remains. Domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) can be regarded as a suitable experimental animal models to study the aforementioned changes. Nevertheless, a study involving human teeth articulated in their own socket is recommended in order to determine whether the radiographic findings herein described are replicated and can be extrapolated.
RESUMEN
Pig pancreas may be a therapeutic resource for human diabetic patients. However, this potential is hindered by a lack of knowledge of the molecular events of pig pancreas development. In this study, the embryonic day 60, neonate and 6-month protein profiles of pig pancreas were ascertained at using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Twenty four proteins were differentially expressed during pig pancreas development. Among them, 12 spots increased and 7 spots decreased according to development. The expression of 5 protein were highest at birth. Expression of digestive enzymes including trypsin, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase and pancreatic alpha-amylase was elevated in adults, whereas chymotrypsins were highly expressed in neonates. Proteins that were abundantly expressed during gestation were alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-fetoprotein and transferrins. Taken together, we found out that several proteins were significantly up- or down- regulated from pig pancreas based on developmental stage. This study will provide basis for understanding development of pig pancreas.