Research of high glucose on the injury of dorsal root ganglion cells / 国际外科学杂志

Diabetic bladder dysfunction is one of the most common complications of urinary tract in diabetes. It is believed that the disorders of glucose metabolism, local tissue ischemia, superoxide-induced free radical production and axonal transport disorder are all involved in the development of diabetic bladder nerve dysfunction. Oxidative stress is believed to be the core mechanism of the above mentioned etiology. It may affect the transcription and translation process in the nucleus by interfering with the balance of intracellular oxidation and antioxidant, metabolism of neurotrophic factors and cellular signal transduction pathways, resulting in dysfunction of several important cellular pathways and decreased membrane stability. And eventually lead to nerve cell apoptosis. Therefore, controlling blood glucose, improving the microenvironment around dorsal root neurons, and protecting the stability of mitochondrial membrane may be potential methods for the treatment of diabetic bladder nerve dysfunction.

Difference in the culture of dorsal root ganglion cells in serum-free medium and serum medium / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Both serum-free and serum media have been used to culture dorsal root ganglion cells, but the difference between the two remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether serum-free medium can completely replace serum medium for culture of dorsal root ganglion cells. METHODS: The dorsal root ganglion of ICR mice at 8-10 weeks was taken and treated with collagenase and trypsin. After that, the mice were divided into the electroporation + serum group, electroporation + serum-free group, non-electroporation + serum group and non-electroporation + serum-free group. In the electroporation groups, the dorsal root ganglion cells were transfected with electroporation buffer and enhanced green fluorescent protein particles. Cells were cultured for three days. After Tuj1 antibody staining, in the non-electroporation + serum group and non-electroporation + serum-free group, axon branches, axon regeneration length, number of cell survival and the expression of proteins related to axon regeneration were counted. In the electroporation + serum group and electroporation + serum-free group, axon branches, length of axon regeneration, number of cell survival, and electroporation efficiency were measured. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the non-electroporation + serum group and non-electroporation + serum-free group, there was no significant difference in axon branches, axon regeneration length, number of cell survival and the expression of axon regeneration related proteins (P > 0.05). (2) In the electroporation + serum group and electroporation + serum-free group, there was no significant difference in axon branches, axon regeneration length and electroporation efficiency (P > 0.05). Compared with electroporation + serum group, the number of cell survival of the electroporation + serum-free group was significantly lower (P 0.05). The number of cell survival of the non-electroporation + serum group was significantly higher than that of the electroporation + serum group (P < 0.05). (4) The results showed that, in the condition of non-electroporation, the absence of serum does not affect the culture of dorsal root ganglion in vitro, and serum-free medium can replace serum medium. However, under the condition of electroporation, the number of cell survival would be decreased without serum medium, suggesting that serum plays an important role in the culture of dorsal root ganglion in vitro under the condition of electroporation. Therefore, serum-free media cannot replace serum media.

Origins of Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells Innervating Medial, Lateral Collateral Ligaments and Patellar Tendon of the Rat Knee Joint / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to examine the distribution and type of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells innervating the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and patellar tendons of the rat knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selectively injected neural tracers (FG and HRP) into both collateral ligaments and patellar tendons and then charaterized the distribution and type of DRG cells in section. RESULTS: FG-labelled DRG cells, innervating the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, were located in L1-S3 (former) and L1-L5 (later). The HRP-labelled DRG cells innervating the medial and lateral collateral ligaments were smaller than 600 m2. FG-labelled DRG cells innervating the patellar tendons were found in L1 to S1. The HRP-labelled cells innervating the patellar tendons were variable in size (100 m2 to 3000 m2). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the DRG origins of sensory nerves in the collateral ligaments and the patellar tendon of the rat knee joint are different. The majority of DRG cells innervating the patellar tendons are proprioceptive and mechanoceptive sensory cells. This finding suggests that the patellar ligaments have more neurological functions than the collateral ligaments.

Origings of Dorsal Root Ganaglion Cells Innervating Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments of the Rat Knee Joint

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to examine the distribution of dorsal root ganglion(DRG) cells innervating the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the Sprague-Dawley rat knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluoro-gold(FG) was used to identify the distribution of DRG cells innervating the ligaments, and horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was used to measure the DRG cell size innervating the ligaments. RESULTS: Neural tracers-labelled DRG cells were found ipsilaterally only in the lumbosacra1 DRGs. FG-labelled DRG cells innervating the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were found from the 1st lumbar DRG to the 1st sacral DOR(L1-Sl). The majority of FG-labelled DRG cells innervating the poste-rior cruciate ligaments were located in the L4, and the majority innervating the anterior cruciate ligaments were found in the L3, The size of HRP-labelled DRG cells innervating the cruciate ligaments was below 800 micromiter (c), showing that these cells were small. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the DRG origin of sensory nerves is different in each cruciate ligament of the knee joint. But the size and the type innervating each ligament is similar.