RESUMEN
Fundamento: La alveolitis es un estado de infección localizado, donde el alveolo está deshabitado o contiene restos de coágulo necrótico y la asocian con mayor frecuencia a las extracciones difíciles y traumáticas, exceso de anestesia local, estado general, factores bacterianos y otras. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de la aveolitis en la clínica Las Margaritas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en la clínica Las Margaritas, municipio Carirubana, estado Falcón, Venezuela desde enero de 2005 a agosto de 2006. El universo del estudio estuvo constituido por la totalidad de los pacientes a los que se les realizaron exodoncias y la muestra por 76 pacientes que se presentaron con alveolitis y cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las variables estudiadas en la investigación fueron la edad y el sexo, zonas afectadas, tipo de alveolitis y tiempo de aparición. Resultados: El sexo más afectado fue el femenino con 46 pacientes para el 60,5 %, y los masculinos con 39,5 por ciento. En cuanto a la edad esta afección prevaleció más en el grupo de de 35 a 44 años de los cuales 19 pertenecieron al sexo femenino, en el masculino predominó el grupo de 45 a 54 años con 13 enfermos. Conclusiones: La zona dentaria con mayor incidencia fue la mandíbula, en la zona de molares con 37 casos, seguida de la de premolares con 20 alveolitis, en la arcada superior solo se presentaron 17 pacientes, en los incisivos y caninos no se encontró gran incidencia de esta infección.
Background: The alveolitis is a located infection state, where the alveolus is uninhabited or it contains remains of necrotic coagulum and associate it with more frequency to the difficult and traumatic extractions, excess of local anesthesia, general state, bacterial factors and others. Objective: To determine the incidence of the aveolitis in Las Margaritas clinic. Method: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study in Las Margaritas clinic, Carirubana municipality, Falcon state, Venezuela was performed, from January 2005 to August 2006. The universe of the study was constituted by the totality of patients to whom exodontias were carried out and the sample by 76 patients that showed up alveolitis and completed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studied variables in the investigation were age and sex, affected areas, type of alveolitis and apparition time. Results: The female sex was the most affected with 46 patients for a 60,5 percent , and the masculine one with 39,5 percent. Regarding age this affection prevailed more in the group from 35 to 44 years of which 19 belonged to the female sex, in the masculine one prevailed the group from 45 to 54 years with 13 sick persons. Conclusions: The dental area with more incidence was the mandible, in the molars area with 37 cases, followed by premolars with 20 alveolitis, in the superior arch just 17 patients showed up, in the incisor and canine tooth it was not found great incidence of this infection.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Alveolo Seco/epidemiología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of local tetracycline on the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in rats, and on the microbiota associated to this infection. Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10): I - the rats had the maxillary right incisor extracted and the alveolar wound did not receive any treatment; II - adrenaline and Ringer-PRAS were introduced into the alveolar wound; III - the alveolar wound was irrigated with sterile saline; and IV - the alveolar wound was irrigated with an aqueous solution of tetracycline. Microbial samples from the alveolar wounds were collected 2 days after surgery and inoculated on blood agar (with and without 8 µg/mL of tetracycline) and other selective media, and were incubated in either aerobiosis or anaerobiosis at 37ºC, for 2 to 14 days. It was verified that tetracycline reduced the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in the rats and caused significant changes in the microbiota of the surgical sites, decreasing the number of anaerobes and increasing the participation of tetracycline-resistant and multi-resistant microorganisms.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do uso tópico de tetraciclina sobre a ocorrência de alveolite em ratos e sobre a microbiota a ela associada. Quarenta ratos foram divididos, ao acaso, em 4 grupos (n=10): grupo I, realizou-se somente a extração do incisivo superior direito e a ferida alveolar não recebeu nenhum tratamento; grupo II, além da extração dental, soluções de adrenalina e Ringer-PRAS foram introduzidas no interior do alvéolo; grupo III, a ferida alveolar foi irrigada com solução salina estéril; grupo IV, a ferida alveolar foi irrigada com solução aquosa de cloridrato de tetraciclina a 10 por cento. As amostras dos alvéolos para processamento microbiológico foram coletadas dois dias após a realização das cirurgias e foram inoculadas em ágar sangue com ou sem 8 µg/mL de tetraciclina e em outros meios de cultura seletivos, incubadas em aerobiose ou anaerobiose, a 37ºC, de 2 a 14 dias. Verificou-se que a tetraciclina reduziu a ocorrência de alveolite e provocou uma modificação significativa na microbiota do sítio cirúrgico, levando a uma redução nas proporções ocupadas pelos microrganismos anaeróbios e uma elevação da participação de microrganismos resistentes à tetraciclina e outros antimicrobianos.