Quality evaluation methods of Poria based on yield and content of alkali extracted polysaccharide / 中国中药杂志

To improve the quality control methods of Poria and develop and utilize its resources fully, alkaline extraction was used in this study to determine the yield and content of alkali-soluble polysaccharides of Poria. The alkali-soluble extracts of Poria were obtained according to the optimum extraction conditions on the basis of single-factor test, and 30 batches of samples were determined. The structure and chemical composition of the alkali-soluble extracts was characterized by high-performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone(PMP-HPLC). The results showed that the content of the alkali-soluble extracts was in the range of 46.98%-73.86%. The main component was β-(1→3)-glucan, and its molecular mass was about 1.093×10~5. Further, the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharides of Poria was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC coupled with the evaporative light scattering detector(HPLC-ELSD), and 30 batches of samples were measured. The results indicated that the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharides determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry was in the range of 73.70%-92.57%, and the content of samples from Hubei province was slightly higher than that from Yunnan province, Anhui province and Hunan province. The content of alkali-soluble polysaccharides determined by HPLC-ELSD was in the range of 51.42%-76.69%, and the samples from Hunan province had slightly higher content than that from the other three provinces. The content determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry was higher than that by HPLC-ELSD. However, the content determined by HPLC-ELSD was close to that of alkali-soluble extract, which could accurately characterize the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharides in Poria, and the method was simple and repeatable. Therefore, it is recommended that the quantitative analysis method for alkali-soluble extract and alkali-soluble polysaccharides by HPLC-ELSD be used in the quality standards of Poria in Chinese Pharmacopeia.

Effect of Flower Removal on Content of Three Alkaloids in Different Parts of Fritillaria thunbergii from Different Regions and at Different Growth Stages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of flower removal on the content of three alkaloids in different parts of Fritillaria thunbergii from different regions and at different growth stages. MethodThe content of peiminine， peimine， and peimisine in the bulb， root， stem， and leaf of F. thunbergii after flower removal and with flower un-removed at different growth stages and in different regions were determined simultaneously by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection （UPLC-ELSD） method. The UPLC was conducted on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column （2.1 mm × 150 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.02% triethylamine aqueous solution （A） and methanol （B）elution gradient（0-2 min， 45%A； 2-5 min， 45%-25%A； 5-7 min， 25%A； 7-17 min， 25%-10%A； 17-20 min， 10%A）， flow velocity of 0.20 mL·min-1， column temperature 35 °C， sample room temperature of 20 °C， and injection volume of 3 µL. The ELSD was carried out at drift tube temperature 45 °C and with the sprayer parameter of 40%. ResultThe flower removal significantly increased the yield of F. thunbergii. At the budding stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Ningbo in Zhejiang， Pan'an in Zhejiang， and Nantong in Jiangsu after flower removal were significantly higher than that of flowering un-removal treatment， while it showed no significant difference between the flower removal and un-removal treatments for the samples from Fengjie in Chongqing. At the flowering stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Nantong in Jiangsu after flower removal was significantly higher than that of flower un-removal treatment， while it showed an opposite trend for the samples from Pan'an in Zhejiang and Fengjie in Chongqing and had no significant difference between the two treatments for the samples from Ningbo in Zhejiang. At the bulb expansion stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Ningbo in Zhejiang and Pan’an in Zhejiang after flower removal were significantly higher than that of flower un-removal treatment， which was opposite for the samples from Nantong in Jiangsu and had no significant difference between the treatments for the samples from Fengjie in Chongqing. At the harvest stage， except for the samples from Pan'an in Zhejiang， the samples from the rest 3 regions showed decreased alkaloid content in the bulb after flower removal compared with that of flower un-removal treatment. The alkaloid content in the leaf was higher than that in the bulb of F. thunbergii at all growth stages and from different origins. ConclusionFlower removal can increase the yield of F. thunbergii. The alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii with flower removed was higher than that with flower un-removed at the budding stage， while this trend was reversed at the harvest stage. Both the yield and the alkaloid content of F. thunbergii from Pan'an in Zhejiang were increased by flower removal. The above-ground part of F. thunbergii has a potential development value.

Development and validation of a HILIC-HPLC-ELSD method for simultaneous determination of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate in dietary supplements

Abstract The objective of the present study is to develop and validate a simple, selective and accurate hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - a high performance liquid chromatography incorporating an evaporative light scattering detector (HILIC-HPLC-ELSD) method for simultaneously determining glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate in dietary supplements. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a ZIC-HILIC column (150 mm x 4.6 mm x 5µm) in isocratic system mode with a mobile phase of acetonitrile, 30 mM ammonium formate and water (77:20:3, v/v/v) at pH 4.5, a column temperature of 35°C, a flow rate of 1 mL.min-1, and an injection volume of 5 µL. An evaporative light scattering (ELS) detector was used. Effective separation was achieved by means of analyte resolution of more than 1.5 with an analysis run time of approximately 20 minutes. The linearity of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 mg.mL-1. The limits of the detection and quantification of glucosamine hydrochloride were 20 and 80 mg.mL-1 respectively, while for chondroitin sulfate they were 80 and 400 mg.mL-1. All validation parameters satisfied the acceptance criteria in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The method was successfully applied to the assay of commercial dietary supplement samples

Determination of five carbohydrate impurities in amino acid bulk drug by HPLC-ELSD / 中国药科大学学报

@#An analytical method was developed for the determination of five carbohydrate impurities in amino acid drug substances by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). Sugar impurities in the amino acid sample were separated and enriched by cation exchange resin. A Lichropher NH2 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used for chromatographic separation, and a gradient elution was performed using acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. The drift tube temperature was 40 oC, the gain value was 8, and nitrogen (350 kPa) was auxiliary gas. Method validation results showed that the limits of detection for fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and lactose were in the range of 20.8-75.0 mg/kg and that the limits of quantitation were in the range of 96.2-238.8 mg/kg. Good linear relationship (r ≥ 0.999) were in the linear range for the five sugars, and the recoveries ranged from 84.9%-107.8%. With easy operation, high sensitivity, good precision and reliable accuracy, the method can be used for analysis of residual sugar impurities in amino acid drug bulk drug.

Simultaneous Determination of 6 Carbohydrate Related Substances in Glucose by HPLC-ELSD / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the m ethod for the simultaneous determination of 6 carbohydrate related substances in glucose as fructose ，maltose，isomaltose，maltotriose，maltotetraose and maltopentaose. METHODS ：HPLC-ELSD was adopted. The determine was performed on XBridge Amide column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （75∶25，V/V）at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，and the sample size was 10 L. The detector was evaporative light scattering detector ，the carrier gas was nitrogen ，the gas pressure was 40 psi，the evaporation temperature was 80 ℃，the drift tube temperature was 80 ℃，and the gain was 100. RESULTS ：The linear range of 6 carbohydrate related substances were 5.99-59.88， 9.90-98.96，9.92-99.19，5.97-59.74，4.03-40.32，5.89-58.89 μg/mL（r＞0.999 0）. The quantitation limits were 1.5，1.5，1.5，3.0， 3.0 and 3.0 μg/mL，respectively. The detection limits were 0.5，0.5，0.5，1.0，1.0，1.0 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ， stability（12 h）and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％. The average recoveries were 95.87％-98.59％（RSD＝1.04％，n＝ 9），95.66％-99.84％（RSD＝1.20％，n＝9），96.11％-98.97％（RSD＝1.04％，n＝9），95.06％-99.11％（RSD＝1.25％，n＝9）， 95.69％-98.22％（RSD＝0.83％，n＝9），95.34％-98.56％（RSD＝1.01％，n＝9）. The contents of 6 carbohydrate related substances in 9 batches of glucose were 1.26-2.22，2.55-3.36，2.37-3.37，1.28-2.01，0-2.11 and 0-1.89 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ： Established method is accurate and sensitive ，and can be used for the detection of carbohydrate related substances in glucose.

Study on Detection Methods for Related Substances in Fidaxomicin Raw Material / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish th e method for the determination of related substances in fidaxomicin raw material. METHODS：The detection ability of NP-HPLC-UV ，RP-HPLC-ELSD and RP-HPLC-UV systems for the related substances in fidamycin raw material was investigated and the best chromatographic system was selected . The HPLC detection method for the related substances was established. The detection was performed on Agilent Eclipse XDB C 18 column with mobile phase A consisted of 0.2％ triethylamine buffer solution （pH 3.8）-acetonitrile（55∶45，V/V），mobile phase B consisted of 0.2％ triethylamine buffer solution（pH 3.8）-acetonitrile（20∶80，V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min（gradient elution ）；the detection wavelength was set at 230 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃；the sample size was 10 µL. Calculation of the content of related substances was principal component self-control method without correction factor. RESULTS ：The impurities C and F could not be separated effectively in NP-HPLC-UV system. In RP-HPLC-ELSD system ，only impurities C ，D，E and F could be detected. In RP-HPLC-UV system ，11 impurities could be detected. In the study of methodology ，the linear ranges were 0.5-20.0 μg/mL for fidaxomicin（R2＝0.999 9）；the LOD was 0.05 ng，LOQ was 0.15 ng；RSDs of reproducibility and intermediate precision tests were less than 2.0％（n＝6）；average recovery was 98.4％（RSD＝3.6％，n＝9）. The sum of impurities in 3 batches of raw materials were 0.53％，0.51％，0.51％，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The effect of detecting impurities by RP-HPLC-UV are the best. Established method is specific and sensitive ，and can be used for the determination of related substance in fidaxomicin raw material.

Simultaneous determination of six major isosteroidal alkaloids in Beimu by UPLC-ELSD / 中国中药杂志

An UPLC method was established for the direct determination of six major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids, namely peimisine, imperialine, sipeimine-3-D-glucoside, verticinone, verticine and hupehenine from the bulbus of Fritillaria(Beimu), a commonly used antitussive traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) herb. An Acquity UPLC~(TM) CSH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for all analysis. The investigated six compounds were all separated with gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.02% diethylamine-water-methanol at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1). The temperature of sample manager was set at 20 ℃. Drift tube temperature was 45 ℃, and spray parameter was 40% with injection volume of 1 μL. Then, the further quality assessment of Beimu was carried out by cluster analysis(CA) and principal component analysis(PCA). The investigated all had good linearity(r≥0.998 9) over the tested ranges. The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for determining the content of six major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids.

Optimization of infiltration process of Astragali Radix based on HPLC-DAD- ELSD and response surface design / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the infiltration process of Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus) medicinal materials by Box-Behnken response surface method. Methods: Based on the HPLC-DAD-ELSD and response surface design method, the qualified rate of decoction pieces, the content of index components and bending inspection were used as comprehensive inspection indicators, and the three factors of infiltration were selected for response surface experimental design to optimize the infiltration process of Astragalus medicinal materials parameter. Results: The best infiltration process was as following: infiltration temperature was 20 ℃, with water addition of 1:0.988 for 6 h. Under this process, the qualified rate of Astragalus pieces was 95.81%, the content of calycosin-7-glucoside was 0.072%, and the content of astragaloside IV was 0.276 %. Combining fingerprint analysis and heat map analysis, the material basis of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus changed during the infiltration process. The infiltration parameters should be strictly controlled during the infiltration process to ensure uniform quality of the pieces. Conclusion: The optimized Astragalus medicinal material infiltration process is stable and feasible with good reproducibility, which can provide a reference for the mass production process development of Astragalus medicinal slices.

Content Determination of 8 Components in Astragalus membranaceus before and after Bidirectional Solid Fer- mentation with Cordyceps kyushuensis by HPLC-DAD-ELSD / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for simultaneous determination of calycosin glucoside ，ononin，calycosin， formononetin，astragaloside Ⅳ，isoastragaloside Ⅱ，cycloastragenol and isoastragaloside Ⅰ in Astragalus membranaceus before and after bidirectional solid fermentation with Cordyceps kyushuensis ，and to investigate the effects of fermentation on the contents of above 8 components in A. membranaceus . METHODS ：HPLC-DAD-ELSD was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent 5 TC-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. DAD detection wavelength was set at 260 nm，ELSD evaporation tube temperature was 100 ℃，atomizer temperature was 80 ℃，carrier gas flow rate was 1.6 L/min；injection volume was 15 μL. RESULTS：The eight components had a good linear relationship within their respective ranges of concentration （all R2＞0.999 0）； RSDs of precision ，stability and repeatability tests were all less than 3％（n＝3 or n＝6）；the recoveries was 97.88％-101.32％， and RSDs were 1.22％-2.39％（n＝6）. Setting the content of components in unfermented A. membranaceus as 100％，after bidirectional solid fermentation with C. kyushuensis ，the change rates of 8 components were －98.51％，－96.41％，－94.74％， －96.40％，289.20％，20.25％，－75.05％，562.46％，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：After fermentation with C. kyushuensis ，the contents of active components as astragaloside Ⅳ，isoastragaloside Ⅰ and isoastragaloside Ⅱ can be increased significantly in A. membranaceus .

Detectione of the contents of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside IV in Weikang granules by HPLC-ELSD / 药学实践杂志

Objective To optimize the extraction method and develop the detection method of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ in Weikang granules. Methods The extraction process of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ in Weikang granules were optimized by single factor investigation, with the contents of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ as optimization indicators. The HPLC-ELSD method was developed for the detection of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ in Weikang granules. Separation was carried out on an XBridge®Shield RP18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water（32:68）at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The drift tube temperature was set at 60 ℃, and the carrier gas flow rate was 1.7 SLM. Results The optimized extraction methods of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ in Weikang granules were as the following: methanol reflux extraction for 1.5 h, and n-butanol extraction and ammonia washed for 5 and 2 times, respectively. The HPLC-ELSD method was established to detect the contents of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ. The linear relationship was good (r > 0.9997). The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 1%. The recovery rates were 95.65% and 100.57%. The stability and repeatability RSD were less than 3%. The contents were 2.8630 mg/g and 0.2576 mg/g. The RSDs were 0.62% and 1.51%, respectively. Conclusion The extraction method of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ in Weikang granules is optimized, and a reliable, accurate and reproducible HPLC-ELSD method for the detection of the contents of ginsenoside Rb1 and astragaloside Ⅳ in Weikang granules is established.

Analysis on Quality Evaluation Methods of Asparagi Radix Decoction Pieces and Its Standard Decoction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the quality evaluation methods of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction. Method:Ten batches of Asparagi Radix standard decoction were prepared. High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection method (HPLC-ELSD) was established for the determination of protodioscin and protoneodioscin in Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction, and the fingerprint detection of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase for gradient elution. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS was used to identify ten main common peaks in the fingerprint with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution, electrospray ionization (ESI) and positive and negative ion mode scanning were employed, the detection range was m/z 100-1 400. Result:The total content of protodioscin and protoneodioscin in Asparagi Radix decoction pieces was 0.41%-0.72%, and their total content in Asparagi Radix standard decoction was 0.33%-0.59%, the transfer rate of these two components was 73.6%-98.3%. The dry extract yield of the standard decoction was 59.0%-73.0%, and its pH was 4.9-5.6. There were 10 common peaks in the fingerprint, and all of them were saponins, including protoneodioscin, protodioscin, aspacochioside A and its isomer, methyl protodioscin, asparagoside F, (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furostan-5, 20-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furostan-20 (22)-ene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, pseudodiosgenin, aspacochioside C. Conclusion:In this paper, the quality evaluation methods of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction are established, and these methods are stable and feasible, which can provide reference for the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations containing Asparagi Radix.

Ingredients changes in Rehmanniae Radix processing based by HPLC-ELSD specific chromatogram / 中国中药杂志

To establish the HPLC-ELSD specific chromatogram analysis method of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Prae-parata, and analyze and compare their chemical compositions, so as to reveal the change regularity of compositions during the proces-sing. By HPLC-ELSD method, the chromatographic column for Prevail Carbohydrate ES(4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile(A)-water(B) as mobile phase for gradient elution, and the evaporative light-scattering detector was used. A total of 23 batches of Rehmannia Radix samples, and 25 batches of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata samples and processing dynamic samples were compared. The established method had a great repeatability, precision and stability. Eight common chromatographic peaks were extracted from 23 batches of Rehmanniae Radix samples, 8 common peaks were extracted from 25 Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and 7 chromatographic peaks were identified. The composition ratio of Rehmannia Radix was changed greatly during the processing. When the simila-rity≥0.95 and the fructose peak area was more than 2 times of stachyose tetrahydrate or more than 20 times of raffinose, the processing degree conformed to the requirements of empirical identification. The three main oligosaccharides of Rehmanniae Radix were sucrose that was heated to generate fructose and glucose, stachyose tetrahydrate that was heated to generate melibiose, sucrose and fructose, and stachyose tetrahydrate that was heated to generate manninotriose. The change in the index of proportion between monosaccharides and oligosaccharides can be used as the quantitative criterion for the processing quality of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata.

Comparison between charged aerosol detector and evaporative light scattering detector for analysis of sugar in Zhusheyong Yiqi Fumai and study on accuracy of methods / 中国中药杂志

Evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD) and charged aerosol detector(CAD) methods were established in this study for the content determination of four kinds of sugars in Zhusheyong Yiqi Fumai(YQFM), and the factors affecting the accuracy of CAD methods were discussed. HPLC-ELSD chromatographic separation was performed on a Shodex Asahipak NH2 P-50 column with acetonitrile-water(75∶25)as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1), drift tube temperature of 80 ℃. The analysis by HPLC-CAD was performed on the same column with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase for gradient elution, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1), a neb temperature of 45 ℃, and power function(PF) of 1.3. The samples of YQFM were detected by ELSD and CAD respectively. It was found that YQFM was composed of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose. The linear relationship of the two methods was good, and the recoveries, reproducibility and stability of these four kinds of sugars measured by the two methods satisfied the requirements of methodology. Both CAD and ELSD detectors were accurate and reliable in detecting saccharides components in YQFM. In addition, it was revealed in this study for the first time that the PF parameter of CAD had an important influence on the accuracy of sugar determination and acted as the key parameter of CAD method. It was also found that for CAD, a non-linear detector, there was no significant difference between the results of linear regression and logarithmic regression.

Contents Determination of Spinosin and Jujub oside A in the Seads of Ziziphus jujuba and Its Quality Grading Standard / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of spinosin and jujuboside A in the seads of Ziziphus jujuba， and to investigate its quality grading standard. METHODS： HPLC-ELSD method was adopted. The separation was carried out on Inertsil ODS-SP column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， the temperature of drift tube was 90 ℃， the flow of carrier gas was 2.9 L/min and injection volume was 20 μL. The thickness， width， length and 100-grain quality of the medicinal materials were used as indicators to investigate the appearance traits. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the correlation of the contents of spinosin and jujuboside A， its appearance traits with the quality constant of TCM， and establish a quality classification standard for the seads of Z. jujuba. RESULTS： The linear range of spinosin and jujuboside A were 1.03-6.18 μg/mL （r＝0.999 7）， 1.05-6.30 μg/mL （r＝0.999 8）； the limits of quantitation were 0.171， 0.174 μg/mL， respectively； the limits of detection were 0.052， 0.053 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower 2％. The recoveries were 99.01％-102.97％ （RSD＝1.39％， n＝6）， 97.94％-101.03％ （RSD＝1.13％， n＝6）， respectively. Correlation analysis results showed that the length， width， 100-grain quality spinosin content and jujuboside A content of the medicinal materials were positively correlated with the quality constant of TCM. The results of quality classification for 30 batches of medicinal materials showed that S1-S4 and S7-S12 were first-class products； S5， S6， S13-S17 and S20-S30 were second-class products； S18 and S19 were third-class products. CONCLUSIONS： Established content determination method is simple， precision， accurate and stable， and can be used for simultaneous determination of spinosin and jujuboside A in the seads of Z. jujuba. Established quality grading standard of the seads of Z. jujuba can be used to evaluate the quality.

Study on Quality Standard of Compound Platycodon grandiflorum Antitussive Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish the quality standard of Compound Platycodon grandiflorum antitussive tablets. METHODS： TLC was used to identify the P. grandiflorum， Polygala tenuifolia and Glycyrrhiza uralensis qualitatively in Compound P. grandiflorum antitussive tablets. HPLC-ELSD method was used to measure the content of platycodin D in Compound P. grandiflorum antitussive tablets. The determination was performed on Agilent C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （26 ∶ 74， V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. ELSD was used with drift tube temperature of 105 ℃， gas flow rate of 3.0 L/min and column temperature at 35 ℃. RESULTS： TLC chromatograms of P. grandiflorum， P. tenuifolia and G. uralensis had clear spots with good separation and no same spot from negative samples. The linear range of platycodin D was 0.421 9- 5.062 8 μg （r＝0.999 9）. The quantitative limit and detection limit were 0.364， 0.109 μg， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， reproducibility and durability tests were all lower than 3.0％. The recovery rates were 87.32％-91.96％ （RSD＝1.73％，n＝6）. The platycodin D contents of 178 samples ranged from 0.004 to 0.73 mg/tablet. The content of platycodin D in 55 batches （30.9％） of samples was lower than the content limit （0.10 mg/tablet） proposed in this study. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is accurate and reliable， and can be used for the quality control of Compound P. grandiflorum antitussive tablets.

Method Improvement for Content Determination of Astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju Granules and Its Consistency with the Com- ponents of Original Formulation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：  To improve the method for the content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules， and to evaluate the consistency of relevant preparations with the components of original formulation， so as to provide evidence for the modern preparation of TCM compound. METHODS： HPLC-ELSD method was established for the content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules， and compared with original standard TLC scanning. Using critrinin， ferulic acid， calycosin glucoside， liquiritin， glycyrrhizic acid， rosmarinic acid， buddleoside and magnoline as control， HPLC method was used to determine the release components of self-made Xiangju granules， Xiangju capsules， Xiangju tablets in water. Fingerprint characteristics chromatogram of different Xiangju preparations and original formulation extract were compared by using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 version）. At the same time， HPLC-ELSD method was used to determine and compare the release rate of astragaloside Ⅳ from different Xiangju preparations and original formulation extract in water. RESULTS： Established HPLC-ELSD method was specific. The linear range of astragaloside Ⅳ was 0.13-2.10 mg/mL. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests were all lower than 3％ （n＝6）， and average recovery was 97.66％ （RSD＝1.01％，n＝6）. Average content of astragaloside Ⅳ by this method was 0.398 mg/g （RSD＝1.01％， n＝3）， which had better reproducibility than TLC scanning. The comparative results of characteristic fingerprints showed that the similarity among Xiangju granules， Xiangju capsules， Xiangju tablets and the original formulation dry extract powder was more than 0.850. Average release rates of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules， Xiangju capsules， Xiangju tablets and the original formulation extract were 0.392， 0.358， 0.349， 0.389 mg， respectively. Compared with original formulation extract， there was no statistical significance in release rate of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules （P＞0.05）， while there was statistical significance in Xiangju capsules and Xiangju tablets （P＜0.01）. CONCLU- SIONS： Established HPLC-ELSD method is accurate and feasible， and is suitable for the content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules. The main components of Xiangju granules are consistent with original formulation.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of major cholic acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis / 中国中药杂志

This study is to establish a qualitative method for rapid identification of bile acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology,and an HPLC-ELSD internal standard method for the quantitative determination of two glycine-conjugated BAs in Suis Fellis Pulvis.The chromatographic separation of the UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS qualitative analysis was achieved on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T_3column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),with 0.2%formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B)as mobile phase ingradient elution.Electrospray ionization(ESI)source was applied and operated in negative ion mode.Quantitative analysis was performed at 30℃on a Diamonsil-C_(18)column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm).The mobile phase consisted of 0.2%formic acid solution and acetonitrile with gradient elution and the flow rate was 1.0 m L·min~(-1).An ELSD was used with a nitrogen flow-rate of1.4 L·min~(-1)at a drift tube temperature of 60℃and the gain was 1.A total of 14 bile acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis were characterized based on the accurate mass measurements,fragmentation patterns,chromatographic retention times,and reference materials.For the quantitative analysis method,the glycohyodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid had good linear relationship in the range of26.52-265.20 mg·L~(-1)(r=0.999 8)and 19.84-198.40 mg·L~(-1)(r=0.999 1),respectively.The average recoveries(n=6)were104.1%and 103.1%,and the RSD were 2.0%and 2.4%.The UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology provides a fast and efficient qualitative analysis method for identification of bile acids in Suis Fellis Pulvis.The HPLC-ELSD internal standard method is accurate and reliable,which has reference value for the quality control of Suis Fellis Pulvis.

Determination of two flavonoids and two saponins in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen from different producing areas / 中草药

Objective: To study and compare the content of two flavonoids and two saponins in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen from seven major producing areas in China, and to provide high quality sources of medicinal materials. Methods: Investigation and sample collection of seven major production areas were carried out in 2016 and 2017 and a total of 74 samples were collected. UPLC-UV-ELSD liquid phase method was used to determine the content of two flavones, spironol and 6’’’-ferulinyl spironol, as well as two saponins jujuboside A and jujuboside B. Results: In 2016 and 2017, the content of spinolin in the samples was 0.052%-0.102% and 0.049%-0.144%, respectively. The content of 6’’’-ferulinyl spironol was 0.021%-0.072% and 0.026%-0.088%, respectively. The content of jujuboside A was 0.016%-0.061% and 0.033%-0.054%, respectively. The content of jujuboside B was 0.008%-0.046% and 0.005%-0.046%, respectively. Conclusion: By correlation analysis, there was no significant difference in the content of each component among the seven major production areas. The producing areas with high spinosin content are Linfen, Shanxi (including Daning and Jixian), Shexian, Hebei, Qian’ an, Hebei, Qingyang, Gansu, Meixian, Shaanxi, Heyang, Shaanxi, Jianchang, Liaoning, and Jixian, Tianjin. The producing areas with high content of jujuboside A are most places of Shandong province, Neiqiu, Hebei and Weinan, Shaanxi. Considering the content of two kinds of components, Shandong Province is generally high and has little change. The correlation analysis also showed that the content of two flavonoids had good correlation, but the content of two saponins had poor correlation.

Determination of three saponins in Compound Shiwei Tablets and study on transfer rate in its preparation process / 中草药

Objective: High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method was used to establish the determination method for the three kinds of saponins (astragaloside I, II, and IV) in Compound Shiwei Tablets (CST), and investigate the three saponins components’ s transfer rate in the preparation process of CST in order to improve the quality control method of CST. Methods: A HPLC-ELSD method was operated on the column of Agilent 5-HC C18 (2) (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase for gradient elution, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with column temperature of 30 ℃ and injection volume of 20 μL. The ELSD parameters were as follow: the carrier gas flow rate was 1.5 L/min, the drift tube temperature was 90 ℃. Determinate the content of astragaloside I, II, and IV in products, granules and extracts of CST, and calculate the transfer rate of three saponins in the preparation process of CST. Results: A method for the determination of astragaloside I, II, and IV in CST was established. Under this condition, all three components reached baseline separation with good linear relationship. The average recovery rates were 99.58%, 99.31% and 99.51%, and RSD values were 3.0%, 2.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Astragaloside I had lower transfer rate during the preparation process, and the transfer rate of astragaloside IV was the higher in the preparation process, both of which were greater than 100%. Conclusion: This study established a method for simultaneous determination of three kinds of saponins of astragaloside I, II, and IV in CST. The method has good reproducibility and strong specificity, which is simple and easy,and can be used to inspect the transfer rates of three kinds of saponins in the preparation process and improve the quality control standard of saponins in CST, and provide reference for the quality control of other traditional Chinese medicine preparations containing astragalus.

Simultaneous determination of eight components in Buxue Shengru Granules by HPLC-ELSD / 中草药

Objective: To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for simultaneous determination of astragaloside IV, ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, vaccarin, naringin, neohesperidin, and platycodin D in Buxue Shengru Granules (BSG). Methods: The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a Diamonsil C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile. Flow rate was 1 mL/min and column temperature was 30 ℃. The samples were tested on Evaporative Light-scattering Detector with drift tube temperature of 40 oC. Results: The analysis permitted very good separation of eight constituents within 52 min. The linearity ranges of the eight constituents were 62.5-1 250.0 μg/mL (r > 0.995 0). The average recoveries of eight constituents in the samples were in the range of 95.51%-99.47%, and the RSD ranged from 0.31% to 3.70%. Intraday and interday precisions RSD of the peak areas of the eight components were less than 3%; The repeatability RSD of each component ranged from 0.94% to 2.11%; Eight components had good stability within 18 h, and the concentration RSD of each component ranged from 0.98% to 2.86%. The content of vaccarin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, naringin, neohesperidin, platycodin D, astragaloside IV, and glycyrrhizic acid were 0.550 7-0.584 3, 19.657 9-19.952 1, 0.350 5-0.384 7, 18.794 7-19.557 3, 12.124 7-12.414 2, 0.610 7-0.631 3, 0.238 8-0.274 3, and 2.750 4-2.852 2 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion: This simple and accurate method can be used for the rapid quality control of BSG.