Researches on the Processing Methods and Raman Spectroscopy of Matrii Sultas Exsiccatus / 中国药师

Objective:To find out the transformation reasons of the processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus through the bencaological study and the modern experimental researches.Methods:The different processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus in different periods were collected through the researches on the ancient agrostology and the modern processing standards.Furthermore,different processed products were prepared and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy.Results:There were significant differences in the processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus in the ancient herbal documents while tending to be the same in the modern processing standards.No difference was shown in the Raman spectrogram between Matrii sultas Exsiccatus and Weathered mirabilite produced by the processing methods in the ancient agrostology.The Raman characteristic peaks of the two processed products were as follows:1 153,1 132,1 102,992,648,632,621,466,450 cm-1,which were in line with the Raman spectrogram of the products produced by the modern processing methods.Conclusion:The change of processing methods for Matrii sultas Exsiccatus has certain reasons,which is worthy of further studies.

Study of mural paintings by Fulvio Pennacchi in São Paulo City by mineralogical techniques

The present research deals with two mural paintings made in 1947 with the fresco technique by Fulvio Pennacchi in the Catholic Chapel of the Hospital das Clínicas (São Paulo City, Brazil), namely the Virgin Annunciation and the Supper at Emmaus. This study regards the materials and painting techniques used by the artist, based on historical research,on in situ observations and laboratory analytical techniques (stereomicroscopy,scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffractometry, electron microprobe, images obtained with UV-light), aiming to improve the methods of characterization of objects of our cultural heritage, and to enhance its preservation accordingly. The results lead to the identification of the plaster components and of distinct layers in the frescoes, besides further information on grain size, impurities and textures, composition of pigments, and features of deterioration, such as efflorescences. The degree of degradation of the murals painting was assessed by this way. Our data suggest that a single layer of plaster was used by Pennacchi, as a common mortar with fine- and medium-grained aggregates. Differences in texture were obtained by adding gypsum to the plaster.

A presente pesquisa trata de duas pinturas murais feitas em 1947 por Fulvio Pennacchi com a técnica do afresco na Capela Católica do Hospital das Clínicas (São Paulo, Brasil), intituladas Anunciação da Virgem e Ceia de Emaús. Este estudo considera os materiais e as técnicas de pintura usadas pelo artista, baseado na pesquisa histórica, observações in situ e técnicas analíticas de laboratório (estereomicroscopia, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com detector de espectro de energia dispersiva, difração de raios X, microssonda eletrônica, imagens obtidas com luz ultravioleta), visando aperfeiçoar os métodos de caracterização de objetos do nosso patrimônio cultural, e otimizar sua preservação adequadamente. Os resultados conduziram à identificação dos componentes da argamassa e as diferentes camadas nos afrescos, além de informações sobre a granulação, impurezas e texturas, composição dos pigmentos, e feições de deterioração, tal como eflorescência. O grau de degradação das pinturas murais foi avaliado desta maneira. Nossos dados sugerem que Pennacchi usou uma camada única de argamassa com agregados de granulação fina a média. Diferenças na textura foram obtidas pela adição de gesso à argamassa.