Parâmetros de referência espaço-temporais de um sensor inercial para sujeitos brasileiros sadios / Spatial-temporal gait parameters based on a wearable inertial sensor of healthy Brazilian subjects

Gait analysis in a laboratory may be expensive, time-consuming, and restricted to a controlled environment. Validated wearable technology may be an alternative to such analysis. However, wearable technologies should demonstrate reference values of a healthy population. Objective: To establish spatio-temporal gait reference values of an accelerometer (G-Walk) in a healthy Brazilian population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 124 healthy subjects evaluated with G-Walk in the 6-minute and 10-meter walk tests (6MWT and 10MWT). Gait parameters of Velocity, Cadence, Distance, and gait symmetry variables were retrieved for analysis. Clinical and demographical characteristics were also collected and tested with simple linear regression as covariables of the gait characteristics. The bootstrapped 5th percentile of the gait parameter established the reference values. If a covariable influence was found, the reference values were established by subgroup analysis according to the covariable. Results: The study analyzed 114 subjects, mostly women (67.74%), aged 39.36 (SD 12.18). Height was a covariable of cadence for the 10MWT and cadence and stride length for the 6MWT. Age and sex combined were covariables of 6MWT velocity, and sex alone was a covariable of 6MWT. All reference values for symmetry were above 89%, velocity at the 10MWT was above 1.0m/s, and distance at the 6MWT was 354m and 359.5 for females and males, respectively. Conclusions: Our study generated reference values for spatio-temporal gait analysis with G-Walk of a population of a major urban area, considering the covariables of age, height, and sex.

Análises da marcha em laboratório tem custo elevado, demandando tempo e ambiente controlado. Wearables são equipamentos portáteis que podem ser alternativas aos laboratórios. Valores de referência podem determinar parâmetros para análises de marcha de pessoas com patologias. Objetivo: Estabelecer valores de referência espaço-temporais de um acelerômetro (G-Walk) em uma população saudável. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com indivíduos saudáveis avaliados com G-Walk nos testes de caminhada de 6 minutos e de 10 metros (TC6 e TC10). Velocidade, cadência, distância e de simetria da marcha foram analisados. Características clínicas e demográficas também foram testadas com regressão linear simples como covariáveis das características da marcha. Os valores de referência foram estabelecidos pelo quinto percentil dos parâmetros por bootstrap e na presença de covariáveis demográficas, os valores foram estabelecidos por análise de subgrupos, de acordo com a covariável. Resultados: O estudo analisou 114 sujeitos, em sua maioria mulheres (67,74%), com idade de 39,36 (DP 12,18). A altura foi uma covariável da cadência do TC10 e da cadência e comprimento da passada do TC6. Idade e sexo combinados foram covariáveis da velocidade do TC6, e o sexo foi uma covariável do TC6. Todos os valores de referência para simetria foram superiores a 89%, a velocidade no TC10 foi superior a 1,0m/s e a distância no TC6 foi de 354m e 359,5m para mulheres e homens, respectivamente. Conclusões: Nosso estudo gerou valores de referência para análise espaço-temporal da marcha com o equipamento G-Walk em uma população de uma grande área urbana, considerando as covariáveis idade, altura e sexo.

Problemas visuales en niños de edad escolar / Visual Impairment in School-Age Children

Introducción: A partir de su formación permanente y continuada, desde la educación en el trabajo, el tecnólogo de la salud en optometría y óptica desarrolla modos de actuación en la atención primaria de salud, mediante la interacción con escuelas de la comunidad, para identificar problemas visuales en niños y contribuir a su rehabilitación, al brindar educación especializada a familias y docentes. Objetivo: Exponer los resultados de una investigación sobre problemas visuales en niños en edad escolar atendidos en el Policlínico Mario Escalona para la socialización de datos que contribuyan a la educación especializada de familias y docentes en la rehabilitación visual. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, desde enero de 2020 hasta abril de 2022, para conocer la incidencia del uso de dispositivos electrónicos en niños en edad escolar atendidos en el Policlínico Mario Escalona. Conformaron el universo 1953 niños. Se valoró el defecto refractivo y el tiempo de uso de los dispositivos electrónicos. Resultados: El astigmatismo miópico fue la ametropía más frecuente, con una incidencia superior al 50 por ciento. En encuestas realizadas a los padres se corroboró el uso desmedido de dispositivos electrónicos. Conclusiones: Como acto de responsabilidad profesional, desde la atención primaria de salud, el tecnólogo de la salud en optometría y óptica debe identificar los problemas visuales en niños en edad escolar y brindar educación especializada a familias y docentes, que contribuya a la rehabilitación visual(AU)

Introduction: From his or her permanent and continuous training, from education at work, the health technologist in Optometry and Optics develops modes of action in primary health care, through interaction with community schools, to identify visual problems in children and contribute to their rehabilitation, by providing specialized education to families and professors. Objective: To present the results of a research on visual problems in school-age children treated at Mario Escalona Polyclinic for the socialization of data that contribute to the specialized education of families and teachers in visual rehabilitation. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2020 to April 2022, in order to know the incidence of the use of electronic devices in school-age children attended at Policlínico Docente Dr. Mario Escalona Reguera. The universe consisted of 1953 children. The refractive defect and the time of use of electronic devices were assessed. Results: Myopic astigmatism was the most frequent ametropia, with an incidence higher than 50 percent. Surveys of parents corroborated an excessive use of electronic devices. Conclusions: As an act of professional responsibility, from primary health care, the health technologist in Optometry and Peptics should identify visual problems in school-age children, as well as provide specialized education to families and professors, contributing to visual rehabilitation(AU)

Síndrome visual informático en escolares peruanos durante la pandemia COVID-19

El SVI como problema de salud, también puede tener un impacto económico significativo y sus consecuencias perjudiciales pueden continuar incluso cuando la pandemia haya terminado. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y causas relacionadas del síndrome visual informático (SVI) entre los estudiantes de 12 a 17 años, durante la COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó una investigación de tipo transversal, observacional, analítica y cuantitativa, la población estuvo constituida por 345 estudiantes de educación secundaria, se aplicó una encuesta a través de GoogleForms usando como instrumento, el cuestionario de Computer Vision Sympton Scale (CVSS17). Resultados. Se evidenció que los participantes padecen del síndrome visual informático (SVI) entre un nivel leve a muy severo (67%), la mayoría de los participantes presentan mayor uso de dispositivos digitales por día de 4-6 horas. Sintomatología de fotofobia a pantalla 73,3%, dolor de ojos 69,9% y ardor de ojos 66,4%. No evidencia enfermedades visuales 77.7%; algunos casos eventuales de miopía, astigmatismo, hipermetropía y anisometropía, por lo cual, se concluye que los participantes padecen del síndrome visual informático entre un nivel leve a muy severo (67%). Conclusiones. Se sugiere solicitar un diagnóstico completo que permita tener una información real del daño ocasionado por el SVI.

As a health problem, SVI can also have a significant economic impact and its detrimental consequences may continue even when the pandemic is over. Objective. To determine the prevalence and related causes of computer vision syndrome (CVI) among students aged 12 to 17 years during COVID-19. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional, observational, analytical and quantitative research was conducted, the population consisted of 345 high school students, a survey was applied through GoogleForms using as instrument, the Computer Vision Sympton Scale (CVSS17) questionnaire. Results. It was evidenced that the participants suffer from computer vision syndrome (CVSS) between a mild to very severe level (67%), most of the participants present greater use of digital devices per day of 4-6 hours. Symptomatology of photophobia to screen 73.3%, eye pain 69.9% and burning eyes 66.4%. No evidence of visual diseases 77.7%; some eventual cases of myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia and anisometropia, therefore, it is concluded that participants suffer from computer visual syndrome between a mild to very severe level (67%). Conclusions. It is suggested to request a complete diagnosis that allows us to have real information about the damage caused by CVI.

Como um problema de saúde, a SVI também pode ter um impacto econômico significativo e suas consequências prejudiciais podem continuar mesmo após o fim da pandemia. Objetivo. Determinar a prevalência e as causas relacionadas à síndrome da visão computacional (SVI) entre estudantes de 12 a 17 anos durante a COVID-19. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa transversal, observacional, analítica e quantitativa, a população consistiu em 345 alunos do ensino médio, uma pesquisa foi aplicada por meio do GoogleForms usando o questionário Computer Vision Sympton Scale (CVSS17) como instrumento. Resultados. Verificou-se que os participantes sofrem de síndrome da visão computacional (CVSS) entre um nível leve a muito grave (67%), a maioria dos participantes tem um uso maior de dispositivos digitais por dia de 4-6 horas. Sintomatologia de fotofobia de tela 73,3%, dor ocular 69,9% e ardência ocular 66,4%. Nenhuma evidência de doenças visuais 77,7%; alguns casos eventuais de miopia, astigmatismo, hipermetropia e anisometropia, portanto, conclui-se que os participantes sofrem de síndrome visual do computador entre um nível leve e muito grave (67%). Conclusões. Sugere-se que seja solicitado um diagnóstico completo para obter informações reais sobre os danos causados pela IVC.

Implementation of different strategies of the "ActTeens" intervention for adolescents: a process evaluation / Implementação das diferentes estratégias da intervenção "ActTeens" para adolescentes: uma avaliação do processo

Multicomponent programs to promote physical activity have shown promise to help adolescents to increase physical activity levels. Although evaluation of the intervention implementation process is important, information about this evaluation is rarely reported. This observational study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a 12-week physical activity intervention program for adolescents. The ActTeens program consists of three components: (1) structured physical activity sessions; (2) self-monitoring associated with daily goal setting; (3) healthy lifestyle messages (mHealth). The evaluation of the process was carried out through observations and self-reported information from the students. Fifty-one adolescents (37.5% girls) answered the questionnaire. Overall, the reach was 73.3%, retention rate 96.3%, and satisfaction with the intervention was high (score 5). The structured sessions presented high fidelity, and good acceptability among adolescents, with an average attend-ance rate of 93.7%. Participants rated the sessions as enjoyable and the teacher's role as excellent. Adherence to self-monitoring (goal setting with a pedometer) was moderate and 57.8% of adoles-cents reported using the device daily. In addition, adolescents reported that the use of a pedometer increased their motivation to practice physical activity (72.4%). Satisfaction with the messages was considered low, with only 37.8% agreeing that the messages promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, the structured sessions and the self-monitoring showed good acceptability among adolescents, and these strategies were considered relevant to promote a more physically active lifestyle. However, the component mHealth, when used as a single strategy, did not aid the adoption of healthy behavior

Programas multicomponentes para promoção da atividade física têm se mostrado promissores para auxiliar os adolescentes a aumentar seus níveis de atividade física. Embora a avaliação do processo de implementação da intervenção seja importante, informações sobre esta avaliação raramente são relatadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a implementação de um programa de intervenção de atividade física de 12 sema-nas para adolescentes. O programa ActTeens consiste de três componentes principais: (1) sessões estruturadas de atividade física; (2) auto-monitoramento associado com estabelecimento de metas diárias; (3) orientações sobre um estilo de vida saudável (mHealth). A avalição do processo foi por meio de observações e informações autorreferidas dos alunos. Cinquenta e um adolescentes (37,5% meninas) responderam o questionário. No geral, o alcance foi de 73,3%, a taxa de retenção 96,3% e satisfação com a intervenção foi alta (escore 5). As sessões estruturadas tiveram alta fidelidade, boa aceitabilidade entre os adolescentes com a frequência média de participação de 93,7% por aula. Os participantes classificaram as sessões como prazerosas e o papel do pro-fessor como excelente. A aderência ao automonitoramento (estabelecimento de metas com pedômetro) foi mode-rada e 57,8% dos adolescentes relataram usar o dispositivo diariamente. Além disso, os adolescentes relataram que o uso do pedômetro aumentou a motivação para a prática de atividade física (72,4%). A satisfação com as mensagens por aplicativo foi considerada baixa, sendo que apenas 37,8% concordaram que as mensagens promoveram a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Em conclusão, as sessões estruturadas e o uso do pedô-metro para automonitoramento mostraram boa aceitabilidade entre os adolescentes, e estas estratégias foram consideradas relevantes para promover um estilo de vida fisicamente mais ativo. Entretanto, o componente mHealth, quando usado como uma estratégia única, não auxiliou na adoção de um comportamento saudável

Physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep measured by smartwatch: a scoping review protocol / Atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono medidos por smartwatch: protocolo de revisão de escopo

The health impacts of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are well established; thereby, the identification of instruments to assess and monitor these behaviors at a populational lev-el is relevant. In this context, smartwatches, which are wristwatch-shaped devices equipped with sen-sors, have been identified as alternatives for objectively measuring PA, SB, and sleep. Therefore, this protocol aimed at describing the goals and methods of a scoping review to map the literature on the use of smartwatches to objectively measure PA, SB, and/or sleep across the lifespan (e.g., children, adolescents, adults, and elderly) and in different contexts. Studies will be included if they use smart-watches to objectively measure at least one of the behaviors (PA, SB, and sleep) in children, adoles-cents, adults, and older adults, published after 2013. No language filter will be applied. Searches will be carried out in six databases (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, Health Technology Assessment Database, and Cochrane clinical trials) and two clinical trial repositories. The screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two authors who had previous experience in reviews and technologies. The synthesis of the results will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for extracting the results in scoping reviews. The results can contribute to scientific progress by identifying gaps and research trends, guiding future studies, and informing companies, healthcare professionals, and the general public who use smart-watch as a measurement tool for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep

Os impactos da atividade física (AF), comportamento sedentário (CS) e sono na saúde são bem estabelecidos, tornando-se relevante identificar instrumentos que permitam avaliar e monitorar esses comportamentos em nível populacional. Nesse contexto, os smartwatches, que são dispositivos em formato de relógio de pulso, com-postos por sensores, tem sido apontado como alternativa para mensurar objetivamente AF, CS e sono. Portanto, o objetivo deste protocolo foi descrever os objetivos e métodos de uma revisão de escopo para mapear a literatura científica sobre o uso de smartwatches para medir objetivamente AF, CS e/ou sono em diferentes populações e contextos. Os estudos serão incluídos se usarem smartwatches para medir objetivamente pelo menos um dos comportamentos (AF, CS e sono) em crianças, adolescentes, adultos e idosos, publicados após 2013. Nenhum filtro de idioma será aplicado. As buscas serão realizadas em sete bases de dados (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, LILACS, Health Technology Assessment Database e Cochrane Clinical Trials) e dois repositórios de ensaios clínicos. A triagem e extração dos dados serão realizadas de forma independente por dois autores com experiência prévia em revisões e tecnologias. A síntese dos resultados seguirá o framework do Joanna Briggs Institute para extração dos resultados nas revisões de escopo. Os resultados podem contribuir para o progresso científico, identificando lacunas e tendências de pesquisa, orientando futuros estudos, empresas que atuam neste mercado, profissionais de saúde e o público em geral que utilizam smartwatch como um instrumento de medição para atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono

Evaluating the use of wearables in the masseter and temporal muscles: a scoping review protocol / Avaliação do uso de tecnologias vestíveis nos músculos masseter e temporal: um protocolo de revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Purpose: to develop a scoping review protocol that seeks to identify which procedures and for what purpose wearables available in the literature are being used on the masseter and temporal muscles. Methods: the approach recommended by The Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-P guidelines, will follow. Databases to be searched include PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and grey literature. In the first step, two reviewers will independently evaluate the articles by titles and abstracts, then, a full review of the selected articles will be performed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any uncertainties or differences of opinion will be discussed for consensus. Articles published without date or language restrictions will be included. All components will be presented in tables and flow charts. In addition, a narrative summary of each component will be included for further details. Final Considerations: this protocol will present the general state of the literature on the use of wearables in masseter and temporal masticatory muscles.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver um protocolo de revisão de escopo que busque identificar quais procedimentos e com que finalidade as tecnologias vestíveis disponíveis na literatura estão sendo usadas nos músculos masseter e temporal. Métodos: seguirá a abordagem recomendada pelo The Joanna Briggs Institute e as diretrizes PRISMA-P. As bases de dados a serem pesquisadas incluem PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e literatura cinzenta. Em uma primeira etapa, dois revisores, de forma independente, avaliarão os artigos pelos títulos e resumos, em seguida, será realizada a revisão na íntegra dos artigos selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Quaisquer incertezas ou diferenças de opinião serão discutidas para consenso. Serão incluídos artigos publicados sem restrição de data e idioma. Todos os componentes serão apresentados em tabelas e fluxogramas. Além disso, um resumo narrativo de cada componente será incluído para mais detalhes. Considerações finais: este protocolo irá apresentar o estado geral da literatura acerca do uso das tecnologias vestíveis na musculatura mastigatória de masseter e temporal.

Accuracy and stability of a smart wearable device for quantitative analysis of environmental risks related to myopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and stability of Eye-Monitor, a smart wearable device, in quantifying environmental risks related to myopia.Methods:A diagnostic test study was conducted.Forty-two subjects aged 18-25 years old were recruited from Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in December 2021.Forty-two Eye-Monitors were selected from 80 devices using the simple random sampling method.Static and dynamic tests were carried out to compare environmental risks related to myopia.The static tests included measurements under different working distances, different head tilt angles when sitting, and different light intensities.The dynamic tests included measurements under different near-work time, different outdoor activity time, different time watching computers, and different phone viewing time.Eye-Monitor with the largest sum of absolute values of total relative error was selected, Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the set values and Eye-Monitor measurements, and the accuracy of the objectively measured values was evaluated by Bland-Altman consistency analysis.The stability of the objectively measured values from Eye-Monitor was evaluated by the coefficient of variation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.HEC-KS-2021005KY). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:There were significant correlations between the measured values and setting values in the working distance, head tilt angle when sitting, indoor light intensity, total near-work time, average continuous near-work time, outdoor activity time, time watching computers, and time viewing phones ( rs=0.999, 0.998, 0.999, 0.998, 0.976, 0.959, 0.992, 0.997; all at P<0.001), with the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of-1.23-2.32 cm, -1.49-4.24°, -13.90-26.90 lx, -6.46-0.11 minutes, -4.50-1.20 minutes, -4.01-1.34 minutes, -2.54-1.94 minutes and-2.15-0.45 minutes, respectively.More than 95% of dots were within the clinically acceptable LoA.The coefficients of variation of the measured values ranged from 1.23%-2.99%, 2.39%-8.25%, 0.87%-8.03%, 1.49%-12.52%, 6.63%-13.59%, 0.00%-14.15%, 1.20%-8.33 and 1.49%-12.51%, respectively, showing good stability.Eye-Monitor had good accuracy in measuring outdoor light intensity (95% LoA: -336.50-130.00 lx). Conclusions:The smart wearable device Eye-Monitor can be used to objectively monitor working distance, head tilt angle when sitting, indoor light intensity, total near-work time, average continuous near-work time, outdoor activity time, time watching computers, and time watching phones, which are with good accuracy and stability.

Alertas en salud sobre el uso de los dispositivos electrónicos y su impacto en el bienestar visual / Health alerts on the use of electronic devices and their impact on visual well-being

Introducción: El incremento del empleo de los dispositivos electrónicos en las actividades de estudio, trabajo, entretenimiento e interacción social desde las plataformas digitales deriva numerosos riesgos y causas de problemas visuales y defectos refractivos. La prevalencia de estos puede conllevar a considerarlos como problemas de salud a nivel global. Objetivo: Describir los riesgos y las repercusiones del uso excesivo de los dispositivos electrónicos en la salud visual a cualquier edad. Métodos: El método de revisión bibliográfica y la sistematización de resultados investigativos de diversos autores posibilitan identificar los riesgos y la repercusión del uso excesivo de los dispositivos electrónicos sobre la salud visual, así como las recomendaciones para afrontar esa realidad. Resultados: La sistematización permite demostrar cómo incide el uso de los dispositivos electrónicos en la elevada prevalencia de trastornos oculares y visuales, como el síndrome visual informático y la miopía en la población mundial actualmente. Conclusiones: Entre los riesgos y las repercusiones del uso excesivo de los dispositivos electrónicos sobre la salud visual, señalados por varios autores, se describieron factores ópticos y ambientales que inciden en la aparición de trastornos como la visión tubular, el síndrome visual informático, además de los defectos refractivos como la miopía, considerados problemas de salud a nivel global en la actualidad(AU)

Introduction: The increase in the use of electronic devices in study, work, entertainment and social interaction activities from digital platforms derives numerous risks and causes of visual problems and refractive defects. The prevalence of these can lead to consider them as global health problems. Objective: To describe the risks and repercussions of excessive use of electronic devices on visual health to prevent eye problems at any age. Methods: The bibliographic review method and the systematization of research results from various authors make it possible to identify the risks and repercussions of the excessive use of electronic devices on visual health, as well as the recommendations to face this reality. Results: The systematization allows us to demonstrate how the use of electronic devices affects the high prevalence of eye and visual disorders, such as computer vision syndrome and myopia in the world population today. Conclusions: The excessive use of electronic devices has caused visual problems and refractive errors globally. An act of responsibility is imposed to inform and raise awareness about the damage to eye health and its harmful effects(AU)

Movimento quantified self: a vida fitness orientada por números / Quantified self movement: a number-based fitness life / Movimiento quantified self: la vida fitness orientada por números

Este artigo descreve os modos pelos quais usuários de um aplicativo fitness que prescreve exercícios físicos personalizados orientam suas condutas em interação com números gerados por self-tracking. Baseado na Teoria Ator-Rede, foram analisadas as interações derivadas de relações entre usuário, aplicativo e rede a qual ele está integrado. Tendo a autoexperimentação como demarcador, os resultados apontaram duas perspectivas de conduta orientada por dados: aqueles que seguem os insights apontados pela tecnologia, ainda que com ajustes, e aqueles que realizam experimentos mais aprofundados, caracterizados como biohackers. Muitos dos biohackers se tornam também influenciadores digitais e constituem uma espécie de rede de colaboração nas mídias sociais. Conclui-se que os usuários, enquanto sujeitos empreendedores de si, orientam suas condutas através dos números, produzem relatórios que envolvem dados de diversas atividades humanas, por meio de diferentes softwares e realizam autoexperimentação. (AU)

This article describes the ways in which users of a fitness app that prescribes personalized exercise guide their behavior through the numbers generated by self-tracking. Based on the Actor-Network Theory, interactions between user, fitness app and the network to which it is integrated were analyzed. The results suggest self-experimentation as a common behavior and two perspectives of data-driven behavior: those that follow the insights recommended by the technology, albeit with adaptations; and those who perform more consistent experiments, characterized as biohackers. Many of the biohackers also become digital influencers, and form a kind of collaboration network on social media. It is concluded that users, as entrepreneurs of themselves, guide their behavior through numbers, produce reports that involve data from various human activities, through different software and practice self-experimentation. (AU)

Este artículo describe las formas en que los usuarios de una aplicación de fitness que prescribe ejercicio personalizado orientan sus conductas interactuando con los números generados por self-traking. A partir de la Teoría Actor-Red, se analizaron las interacciones derivadas de las relaciones entre usuario, aplicación de fitness y la red en la que está integrado. Con la autoexperimentación como marcador, los resultados muestran dos perspectivas de conducta orientada por datos: los que siguen aquello que indica la tecnología, aunque con ajustes, y aquellos que realizan experimentos más profundos, caracterizados como biohackers. Muchos de los biohackers también se convierten en influencers digitales y forman una especie de red colaborativa en las redes sociales. Se concluye que los usuarios, como emprendedores de sí mismos, orientan sus conductas a través de los números, producen informes que incluyen datos de diversas actividades humanas, a través de diferentes softwares, y practican la autoexperimentación. (AU)

Association between cardiovascular implantable electronic devices and tricuspid regurgitation: a case-control study / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are widely used in the modern era. Every year, about 730,000 permanent pacemakers and 330,000 CIEDs are implanted worldwide. CIEDs have been known to increase the life expectancy of millions of people and improve their quality of life by controlling the heart rate and atrioventricular and interventricular synchronization and preventing sudden cardiac death.[1] The tricuspid valve consists of the annulus, leaflets, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles. Interaction between the endocardial lead and any component of this structure can lead to tricuspid valve dysfunction, thereby resulting in tricuspid regurgitation (TR).[2] CIED-related TR has been shown to be an independent predictor of hospitalization for heart failure.[3,4]

Lucha epidemiológica contra pandemia COVID-19: Impacto de las medidas sociales en el SVI / Epidemiological fight against the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of social measures on IVS

La lucha epidemiológica contra la pandemia COVID-19 ha incluido medidas sociales como el confinamiento y el cierre de actividades laborales y académicas. A consecuencia, tareas que se llevaban a cabo en el contexto presencial debieron ser ejecutadas desde los hogares, adoptando estrategias como el teletrabajo y la educación virtual, haciendo necesario el uso de herramientas como ordenadores y laptops. De allí que las personas han incrementado la exposición a las pantallas de dispositivos electrónicos, como son computadoras y laptops, trayendo como consecuencia afectaciones en la salud visual de las personas tales como el síndrome visual informático (SVI). Se realizó un estudio transversal con el objetivo de determinar la afectación por SVI en la población peruana y su relación con la exposición prolongada a DEV, generada a raíz de las medidas sociales de enfrentamiento a la pandemia de COVID-19. El tiempo promedio en que los sujetos de nuestro estudio usaron DEV dentro de los hogares se acrecentó un 120%, es decir 4,26±2,36 horas diarias adicionales al comparar con el año anterior a la pandemia COVID-19. La adopción masiva de actividades como el teletrabajo y la educación virtual podrían explicar el hecho que los grupos de empleados/patronos y estudiantes fueron los mayores usuarios de DEV, con 10,41 y 9,32 horas diarias. De acuerdo a los hallazgos obtenidos, es estadísticamente válido afirmar que las medidas sociales para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19 indujeron al aumento en la prevalencia de SVI en los pobladores peruanos (p<0,001). En la actual investigación, la proporción de individuos que manifestaron SVI pasó de 38 a 64%, antes y durante la aplicación de las medidas, respectivamente(AU)

The epidemiological fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has included social measures such as confinement and the closure of work and academic activities. As a consequence, tasks that were carried out in the face-to-face context had to be carried out from homes, adopting strategies such as teleworking and virtual education, requiring the use of tools such as computers and laptops. Hence, people have increased exposure to the screens of electronic devices, such as computers and laptops, resulting in effects on people's visual health such as computer vision syndrome (SVI). A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine the affectation by SVI in the Peruvian population and its relationship with prolonged exposure to DEV, generated as a result of social measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The average time in which the subjects in our study used DEV within homes increased by 120%, that is, 4.26 ± 2.36 additional daily hours when compared to the year before the COVID-19 pandemic. The massive adoption of activities such as teleworking and virtual education could explain the fact that groups of employees / employers and students were the largest users of DEV, with 10.41 and 9.32 hours per day. According to the findings obtained, it is statistically valid to affirm that the social measures to face the COVID-19 pandemic induced an increase in the prevalence of SVI in the Peruvian population (p <0.001). In the current investigation, the proportion of individuals who manifested SVI went from 38 to 64%, before and during the application of the measures, respectively(AU)

COVID-19 inductor del síndrome visual informático y sus afectaciones a las personas / COVID-19 inducer of computer visual syndrome and its effects on people

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la literatura existente sobre el SVI y sus afectaciones a las personas producto por alta exposición a equipos electrónicos generados por la pandemia del COVID-19 El tipo de investigación es revisión de literatura, de diseño bibliográfico o documental; el método de investigación empleado fue el de revisión de literatura. La población estuvo constituida por 35 artículos y la muestra de 19 artículos en diversos idiomas, seleccionados de manera intencional de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos; las técnicas e instrumentos empleados para el recojo de información fueron el análisis documental, y el fichaje y la computadora respectivamente. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que el SVI tiene gran prevalencia en personas que tienen gran periodo de exposición a pantallas de dispositivos electrónicos, asimismo, vinculados a fallas en las condiciones ergonómicas en sus estaciones de trabajo o estudio. Se concluye, el promedio de prevalencia del SVI en los artículos revisados es de 73.2%, siendo el máximo 98.7% y el mínimo 50%, siendo más frecuente en mujeres; respecto a los síntomas más frecuente que se presentan se tienen: dolor en ojos, cansancio visual o visión borrosa, picazón, sequedad en los ojos, sensación de empeoramiento de la vista, lagrimeo y párpados pesados(AU)

The objective of this article is to analyze the existing literature on IVS and its effects on people as a result of high exposure to electronic equipment generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The type of research is literature review, bibliographic or documentary design; the research method used was the literature review. The population consisted of 35 articles and the sample of 19 articles in various languages, intentionally selected according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria; the techniques and instruments used for the collection of information were the documentary analysis, and the signing and the computer respectively. Among the main results is that SVI has a high prevalence in people who have a long period of exposure to electronic device screens, also linked to failures in ergonomic conditions in their workstations or study. It is concluded that the average prevalence of SVI in the reviewed articles is 73.2%, the maximum being 98.7% and the minimum 50%, being more frequent in women; Regarding the most frequent symptoms that appear, there are: pain in the eyes, visual fatigue or blurred vision, itching, dry eyes, sensation of worsening of sight, tearing and heavy eyelids(AU)

Neck pain and associated factors in a sample of high school students in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of neck pain among high school students and to analyze associations with sociodemographic variables, use of electronic devices, habitual physical activity practices and mental health problems. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study on a sample of high school students in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Participants were selected through cluster sampling in two stages and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data collection comprised the following steps: 1. sociodemographic characteristics; 2. use of electronic devices; 3. habitual physical activity levels; 3. mental health; and 4. neck pain. RESULTS: A total of 1,628 participants were interviewed. The prevalence of neck pain was 49.1% (95% confidence interval, CI 46.7 to 51.5), with 40.4% (95% CI 37.0 to 43.7) in men and 57.5% (95% CI 54.2 to 60.9) in women. The variables associated with in neck pain were: female (prevalence ratio, PR = 2.04), use of cell phone in standing posture (PR = 1.47), use of tablet in sitting posture (PR = 1.72), length of computer use greater than 3 hours/day (PR = 1.54), length of cell phone use greater than 3 hours/day (PR = 1.54), length of tablet use greater than 3 hours/ day (PR = 1.34) and mental health problems (PR = 1.56). CONCLUSION: There is high prevalence of neck pain among students and striking associations with female sex, use of electronic devices and mental health problems.

Recursos de Acessibilidade e o Uso dos Dispositivos Móveis como Tecnologia Assistiva por Pessoas com Baixa Visão / Accessibility Resources and the Use of Mobile Devices as Assistive Technology by People with Low Vision

RESUMO: As dificuldades de implementação e de apropriação de recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) deriva do seu alto custo, desconforto social em utilizá-los, extravios dos dispositivos e da falta de funcionalidade em longo prazo. Paralelamente a esse contexto, diferentes possibilidades em TA vêm se popularizando entre as pessoas com deficiência visual, as quais têm sido descritas, timidamente, em pesquisas de levantamento que abordam o uso de TA por pessoas com baixa visão. Em razão da carência de conhecimento sobre a temática e a necessidade de descrever o perfil funcional e de uso dessas possibilidades, este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar, a partir do ponto de vista dos usuários, o funcionamento e o uso de recursos de acessibilidade de smartphones e/ou tablets no cotidiano de pessoas com baixa visão. A metodologia adotada nesta investigação é de natureza descritiva, sob o delineamento de estudo de caso. Participaram do estudo 28 pessoas com baixa visão, membros de um grupo já existente no aplicativo WhatsApp. A coleta de dados aconteceu no espaço virtual desse aplicativo, individualmente, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados com base na teoria fundamentada. Os resultados indicam que o uso dos recursos de acessibilidade é o principal diferencial dos smartphones e dos tablets, pois são eles os responsáveis pelo acesso independente a esses dispositivos. Eles são usados de maneira combinada, e os diferentes arranjos garantem variabilidade de opções em TA proporcionais à diversidade de necessidades do público com baixa visão.

ABSTRACT: The difficulties in implementing and appropriating Assistive Technology (AT) features derive from their high cost, social discomfort in using them, loss of devices and lack of functionality in the long term. Parallel to this context, different possibilities in AT have become popular among people with visual impairment, which have been described, timidly, in research that address the use of AT by people with low vision. Due to the lack of knowledge on the subject and the need to describe the functional profile and use of these possibilities, this article aims to characterize, from the users' point of view, the functioning and use of accessibility features of smartphones and/or tablets in the daily lives of people with low vision. The methodology adopted in this investigation is descriptive in nature, under the outline of a case study. Twenty-eight people with low vision participated in the study, members of an existing group in the WhatsApp application. Data collection took place in the virtual space of this application, individually, through semi-structured interviews and data analysis based on the grounded theory. The results indicate that the use of accessibility features is the main differential of smartphones and tablets, as they are responsible for independent access to these devices. They used in a combined manner, and the different arrangements guarantee variability of AT options proportional to the diversity of needs of the public with low vision.

Effects of the excessive use of electronic screens on vision and emotional state / Efeitos do uso excessivo de telas eletrônicas na visão e no estado emocional

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate relations between electronic screen use and eye health in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Methods Data were collected online and analyzed at a private Brazilian hospital (Provisão Hospital, Maringá, Brazil). Male and female individuals aged 12 to 35 years participated in the study. A population-based cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire developed using the Google Forms interface was carried out. The questionnaire was answered anonymously in order to ensure the confidentiality of data and the privacy of participants. Data were collected between October 13, 2020, and January 30, 2021. Results A total of 200 questionnaires were completed. Most responders were young people aged 18 to 27 years. Daily electronic device use time reported by responders ranged from more than 5 hours (150; 75.5%) to 3 to 5 hours/day (28; 14%) or 2 to 3 hours/day (16; 8%). Only a small proportion of responders (2.5%) used these devices less than 1 hour per day. Most participants had myopia (164; 84%) and/or astigmatism (151; 75.5%), whereas keratoconus was less prevalent (34; 17%). However, 92 participants were unable to say whether they had these diseases or not. Most participants reported eye symptoms after screen use (red eyes, fatigue, dry and gritty eyes and blurred vision). Mental issues such as smartphone dependence and difficulties to communicate while using electronic devices were also addressed. Most responders reported dependence and communication problems. Conclusions Most young people in this sample had sings of eye disease, including keratoconus. Smartphone dependence and addition was also observed. Findings presented may inform future studies and help health authorities to properly guide public health strategies aimed at eye disease prevention.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o uso de telas na saúde ocular em uma amostra populacional brasileira. Métodos Os dados foram adquiridos on-line, e as análises foram realizadas em uma clínica privada na Região Sul do Brasil. Os participantes foram indivíduos de 12 a 35 anos, de ambos os sexos. Foi realizada pesquisa transversal de base populacional por meio de questionário elaborado na plataforma Google Forms. O questionário foi respondido de forma anônima, mantendo o sigilo dos dados coletados e a privacidade dos participantes. A coleta de dados teve início em 13 de outubro de 2020 e término em 30 de janeiro de 2021. Resultados Foram respondidos 200 questionários. A maioria foi de jovens entre 18 e 27 anos. O tempo de uso de dispositivos eletrônicos durante o dia foi de mais de 5 horas para 150 (75,5%) entrevistados, 28 (14%) gastavam de 3 a 5 horas por dia, 16 (8%) de 2 a 3 horas por dia e uma pequena parte dos entrevistados (2,5%) usava menos de 1 hora por dia. A maioria dos participantes tinha miopia (164; 84%) e/ou astigmatismo (151; 75,5%). Ceratocone foi menos prevalente (34; 17%), entretanto 92 pessoas não sabiam a resposta. A maioria dos participantes teve problemas nos olhos após o uso da tela, como olhos vermelhos, cansados e secos, além de visão turva. Questões mentais, como dependência de smartphones e dificuldade de comunicação durante o uso do dispositivo, também foram abordadas. A maioria dos entrevistados demonstrou dependência e problemas de comunicação. Conclusões A maior parte dos jovens apresentou quadro de doenças oculares, incluindo ceratocone. Dependência e adição de smartphone também foram observados. Esses resultados apoiam a identificação de fatores associados à patologia ocular, servindo de base para estudos futuros, e podem auxiliar às autoridades de saúde no direcionamento adequado das atividades de prevenção e controle em saúde pública.

Contribuições tecnológicas para saúde: olhar sobre a atividade física / Technological contributions for health: outlook on physical activity

Resumo Esse artigo visou analisar o potencial envolvendo a utilização de tecnologias da Internet das coisas e dos dispositivos vestíveis (wearables) e as intervenções nas atividades físicas, buscando melhorias quanto à inatividade física e às Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs). Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, foi constatada grande preocupação com relação à inatividade física e às DCNTs, além do crescente enfoque das pesquisas nestas estratégias tecnológicas. Os dados coletados em tempo real são um dos pontos fortes dos dispositivos, podendo auxiliar em pesquisas longitudinais, intervenções em pacientes e também nas atividades físicas realizadas, revolucionando as relações e intervenções na área.

Abstract The scope of this paper sought to analyze the potential of using Internet technologies of wearable accessories and devices and the possible interventions in physical activities, seeking improvements with respect to physical inactivity and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCDs). By means of a bibliographical review, it was revealed that there is great concern regarding physical inactivity and CNCDs as well as the increasing research focus on these technological strategies. The amount of data collected in real time is one of the strengths of the devices, which can assist in longitudinal research, interventions in patients and also in physical activities performed, revolutionizing relationships and interventions in the area.

Clinical characteristics of patients with indication of cardiac implantable electronic devices implantation complicating with acute pulmonary thromboembolism / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of inpatients with the indication of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) therapy and combined acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE). Methods: We retrospectively screened 8 641 inpatients who admitted with the indication of CIED implantation in Fuwai Hospital from January 2014 to May 2019. The clinical characteristics, management strategies and clinical outcome were analyzed for patients diagnosed as APTE. Results: APTE were identified in 45 (5‰) patients in this cohort, there were 18(40%) male patients, the average age was (73±8) years old and body mass index was (27±10) kg/m2.Thirty-two (70%) patients were at intermediate-risk and 13 (30%) at low-risk. Anti-coagulation therapy was initiated in 38(84%) patients, and 30 patients underwent CIED implantation (27 pacemaker, 2 CRT and 1 ICD). No postoperative bleeding or pocket hematoma were detected in the 23 patients taking anticoagulation medication before implantation. During an average of (30±7) months' follow up, thrombus was dissolved in 20 patients, hemorrhage complications were observed in 2 patients (1 cerebral hemorrhage and 1 hematuria), anticoagulation therapy was discontinued in these 2 patients. Among 15 patients without immediate CIED implantation and treated with anticoagulation therapy during hospitalization, 2 patients developed complete paroxysmal Ⅲ° atrioventricular block, and recovered after therapy during hospitalization. Seven patients were re-hospitalized for CIED implantation due to bradycardia. Five patients died during follow-up (3 sudden cardiac death, 1 APTE combined with cerebral infarction, and 1 pulmonary infection). Conclusion: APTE is not rare in patients with the indication of CIED implantation, CIED implantation and anti-coagulation therapy are safe for these patients, and transient atrioventricular block could be detected in APTE patients.

Factors predicting screen time related to physical and behavioural complaints in primary school children

@#problems from extended usage of electronic devices areissues among primary school children. This study is aimedto investigate the prevalence of physical and behaviouralcomplaints arising from the electronic device usage and toidentify the potential factors that predicted the complaints.Methods: This was a primary school-based cross-sectionalstudy using multistage cluster sampling, conducted at Baudistrict in Sarawak, Malaysia in 40 primary schools. Aquestionnaire was used to collect information of usagepattern in insufficient lighting, timing and position. Thephysical and behavioural complaints were traced. Dataanalysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value <0.05 with 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results: About 52.8% of the 569 students used digitaldevices in a bright room, 69.8% in the day time and 54.4% insitting position. The physical complaints were headache(32.9%), neck, shoulder and back pain (32.9%) followed by byeye strain (31.8%). Regarding behavioural problems, 25.7% ofthe students had loss of interest in study and outdooractivities (20.7%), skipped meals (19.0%) andarguments/disagreements with parents (17.9%). After logisticregression analysis, the lying position (OR=1.71, 95% CI:1.096, 2.688) and darkroom lighting (OR=2.323 95% CI: 1.138,4.744) appeared to be potential predictors of the complaint.Conclusion: One-quarter of the students studiedexperienced physical complaints, and one-fifth hadbehavioural problems associated with the use of electronicdevices. Lying position and darkroom lighting are thepotential predictors of complaints. Therefore, we suggestthat the children should use electronic devices in the sittingposition with adequate room lighting.

Parkinson's disease and wearable devices, new perspectives for a public health issue: an integrative literature review

SUMMARY Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with an estimated prevalence of 41/100,000 individuals affected aged between 40 and 49 years old and 1,900/100,000 aged 80 and over. Based on the essentiality of ascertaining which wearable devices have clinical literary evidence and with the purpose of analyzing the information revealed by such technologies, we conducted this scientific article of integrative review. It is an integrative review, whose main objective is to carry out a summary of the state of the art of wearable devices used in patients with Parkinson's disease. After the review, we retrieved 8 papers. Of the selected articles, only 3 were not systematic reviews; one was a series of cases and two prospective longitudinal studies. These technologies have a very rich field of application; however, research is still necessary to make such evaluations reliable and crucial to the well-being of these patients.

RESUMO A doença de Parkinson figura como a segunda doença neurodegenerativa mais comum. Sua prevalência é estimada de 41 por 100.000 pessoas entre 40 e 49 anos a 1.900 por 100.000 pessoas com 80 anos ou mais. Baseando-se na essencialidade de averiguar os dispositivos vestíveis que possuem evidências clínicas literárias e com o objetivo de analisar as informações reveladas por tais tecnologias, temos a construção deste artigo científico de revisão integrativa. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que tem como principal objetivo realizar um sumário do estado da arte de dispositivos vestíveis utilizados em pacientes com doença de Parkinson. Após realizada a revisão, obtiveram-se oito artigos. Pode-se observar que dos artigos selecionados, apenas três não eram revisões sistemáticas, sendo um deles uma série de casos e outros dois, estudos longitudinais prospectivos. A utilização dessas tecnologias possui um campo muito rico para atuar, contudo ainda são necessárias pesquisas para que tais avaliações sejam fidedignas e cruciais para o bem-estar desses pacientes.

Evaluación de índices entomológicos mediante herramientas electrónicas en Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia / Evaluation of entomological indices with electronic tools in Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de dos herramientas electrónicas en el levantamiento de índices aédicos en la ciudad Villavicencio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, analítico en dos barrios de la ciudad Villavicencio: Quintas de San Fernando y Cedritos. El formato de levantamiento de índices aédicos de la secretaría de salud fue diseñado en dos medios electrónicos. La eficacia fue determinada mediante datos efectivos recogidos y tiempo de entrega. Se calcularon índices aédicos, Breteau, vivienda y pupas. Se realizó encuesta para determinar actitudes frente a arbovirosis. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, pruebas de chi cuadrado y t-Student (p< 0,05). Resultados: Se evaluaron 67 predios en dos barrios. El índice de datos efectivos fue mejor en donde el acceso a internet era permanente (100 por ciento vs. 23,9 por ciento); el tiempo de entrega también se afectó por esta conexión. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de viviendas positivas para Aedes aegypti entre los dos barrios (p= 0,0052); y para el número de tanques bajos positivos (p= 0,0123). De los encuestados, el 16,4 por ciento (IC95 por ciento 8,9 por ciento-27,5 por ciento) sabía que la transmisión fue por picadura de Ae. aegypti. Para el 79,1 por ciento, cada familia fue responsable de eliminar criaderos. Conclusiones: El uso de herramientas electrónicas permite acelerar el flujo de la información y crear un sistema eficaz, de fácil acceso y seguridad que podría implementarse permanentemente en la vigilancia entomológica y de salud pública(AU)

Objective: Determine the effectiveness of two electronic tools for the evaluation of aedic indices in the city of Villavicencio. Methods: An observational analytic study was conducted in two districts in the city of Villavicencio: Quintas de San Fernando and Cedritos. The form designed by the Ministry of Health to evaluate aedic indices was digitalized into two electronic media. Efficacy was determined on the basis of effective data collected and delivery time. An estimation was made of aedic indices, Breteau, household and pupae. A survey was conducted to determine attitudes to arbovirus infections. Use was made of descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests and Student's t-test (p< 0.05). Results: Sixty-seven households were evaluated in two districts. The effective data index was better in areas where access to the Internet was permanent (100 percent vs. 23.9 percent). Delivery time was also affected by Internet connection. Significant differences were found between the two districts in the number of positive households for Aedes aegypti (p= 0.0052), as well as in the number of positive ground water tanks (p= 0.0123). Of the respondents, 16.4 percent (95 percent CI, 8.9 percent-27.5 percent) were aware that transmission had been by the bite of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. For 79.1 percent each family was responsible for eliminating the breeding sites. Conclusions: Use of electronic tools speeds up the flow of information and creates an effective, easily-accessible and safe system which could be permanently implemented for entomological and public health surveillance(AU)