Vivências de Violência e Percepção do Medo entre Estudantes Universitários / Experiences of Violence and Perception of Fear among University Students / Experiencias de Violencia y Percepción del Miedo entre Estudiantes Universitarios

O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar um panorama das violências vivenciadas e temidas por estudantes no contexto universitário. Buscou-se descrever as frequências dessas violências, bem como a percepção dos alunos sobre suporte psicológico da Universidade e denúncia do agressor. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário online e sistematizados com o auxílio do software SPSS (versão 2.3). Utilizou-se análises descritivas de frequência, média, desvio padrão, quartis e teste-t. Em geral, as médias de vivência de violência foram baixas, com maior incidência de violência emocional de professor e de colega; mulheres disseram ter sofrido mais violência em relação aos homens. As médias do medo foram altas, especialmente para mulheres, alunos mais jovens, com menor renda salarial e que relataram já ter sofrido algum tipo de violência na universidade. A universidade se mostrou um local onde parece ocorrer menos violência do que se teme. Estratégias de ação das universidades são necessárias para uma cultura solidária entre estudantes, professores e funcionários e para a oferta de suporte psicológico aos estudantes.

This study aimed to provide an overview of the violence experienced and feared by students in the university context. We describe violence frequencies, students' perception of psychological support provided by the University, and the rate of denouncement of the aggressor. The data were obtained through an online questionnaire and systematized in the SPSS software (version 2.3). Descriptive analyzes of frequency, mean, standard deviation, quartiles, and t-test were used. Overall, the average experience of violence was low, with a higher incidence of emotional violence by teachers and colleagues; women reported suffering more violence than men. The averages of reported fear were high, especially for women, younger, and lower-income students, and those who reported having suffered some type of violence at the university. The university proved to be a place where there seems to be less violence than is feared. Action strategies from universities are necessary for a solidary culture among students, teachers, and staff and for offering psychological support to students.

El objetivo de este estudio fue esbozar un panorama de la violencia vivida y temida por los estudiantes en el contexto universitario. Se buscó describir las frecuencias de estas violencias, así como la percepción de los estudiantes sobre el apoyo psicológico de la Universidad y la denuncia del agresor. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de un cuestionario en línea y se sistematizaron con la ayuda del software SPSS (versión 2.3). Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos de frecuencia, media, desviación estándar, cuartiles y prueba t. En general, la experiencia media de violencia fue baja, con mayor incidencia de violencia emocional por parte de profesores y compañeros; las mujeres dijeron que sufrieron más violencia que los hombres. Los promedios de miedo fueron altos, especialmente para las mujeres, estudiantes más jóvenes, con menores ingresos y que reportaron haber sufrido algún tipo de violencia en la universidad. La universidad resultó ser un lugar donde parece haber menos violencia de la que se teme. Las estrategias de acción de las universidades son necesarias para una cultura solidaria en ese contexto y para ofrecer apoyo psicológico a los estudiantes.

Violência emocional intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes e suas repercussões: uma revisão sistemática de literatura / Repercussions of emotional family violence against children and adolescents: a systematic review / Repercusiones de la violencia emocional intrafamiliar contra niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as repercussões na infância, na adolescência e na vida adulta da violência emocional intrafamiliar vivenciada no período infanto-juvenil em artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2019, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Para a organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software Zotero; para a sistematização e análises, o software SPSS (versão 2.3). Na infância e na adolescência, as principais repercussões foram sintomas internalizantes (ex.: ansiedade, depressão, problemas psicossomáticos, insegurança), problemas cognitivo-comportamentais e impactos no rendimento escolar. Na idade adulta, as principais repercussões foram sintomas externalizantes (ex.: agressividade, reprodução da violência) e sintomas internalizantes. Conclui-se que a violência emocional vivenciada na infância e na adolescência é transcultural, transgeracional e um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento, podendo ocasionar prejuízos cognitivo-comportamentais e interferir nos relacionamentos interpessoais ao longo do ciclo de vida. Tornar visível este tipo de violência contribui para enfrentamento e minimização dos efeitos negativos da violência.

This study aimed to identify the repercussions in childhood, adolescence and adulthood of intrafamily emotional violence experienced in children and adolescents in articles published between 2009 and 2019 through a systematic literature review. To organize the data, the Zotero software was used; for systematization and analysis assistance, the SPSS software (version 2.3). In childhood and adolescence, the main repercussions were internalizing symptoms (for instance: anxiety, depression), cognitive-behavioural problems and impacts on school performance. In adulthood, the main repercussions were externalizing symptoms (for instance: aggressiveness, reproduction of violence) and internalizing symptoms. It follows that the emotional violence experienced in childhood is cross-cultural, transgenerational, and a risk factor for development, as it can cause cognitive-behavioural losses and interfere in interpersonal relationships throughout the life cycle. Making this type of violence visible helps to face and minimize the negative effects of violence.

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática de la literatura fue identificar las repercusiones en la infancia, adolescencia y vida adulta de la violencia emocional intrafamiliar experimentada en niños y adolescentes en artículos publicados entre 2009 y 2019. Para organizar los datos, se utilizó el software Zotero; para la sistematización y análisis, el software SPSS (versión 2.3). En la infancia y la adolescencia, las principales repercusiones fueron los síntomas internos (ansiedad, depresión), problemas cognitivo-conductuales e impactos en el rendimiento escolar. En la edad adulta, las principales repercusiones fueron síntomas externos (agresividad, reproducción de violencia) y síntomas internos. La violencia emocional experimentada en la infancia es transcultural, transgeneracional y un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo, ya que puede causar impedimentos cognitivo-conductuales e interferir en las relaciones interpersonales a lo largo del ciclo de vida. Hacer visible este tipo de violencia ayuda a enfrentar y minimizar los efectos negativos de la violencia.

Effects of Domestic Violence on Academic Achievement among University Students in Selangor, Malaysia

@#Introduction: Domestic violence is a serious issue that has often been overlooked by the society. It includes any physical, emotional or sexual violence that occurs between family members. Year after year, many cases of domestic violence have been reported in news and the numbers keep increasing from time to time. Experiencing this violence may give negative impacts on the victim. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence among university students in Selangor, Malaysia and to discover its effects on their academic achievement. Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented in a form of questionnaire that was distributed to 368 university students at Selangor, Malaysia in the period from June 2018 to December 2018. Results: Results showed that 69 respondents (18.7%) had experienced DV throughout their life; all of them suffered physical violence, 95.7% had suffered emotional violence while 14.5% had suffered sexual violence. Age, gender, residence, family income, institution’s type and speciality of study has no significant association with DV while, race, religion and parents’ status were significantly associated with DV. Also it was noticed that out of these 69 respondents that had experience of domestic violence, 36 of them were studying in private universities and 33 of them were studying in public universities. Most of those experienced domestic violence showed low CGPA. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is low prevalence of DV among university students in Selangor. Experiencing DV during childhood has an impact on the academic achievement of the victim in the future university life.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence against Iranian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Violence against women in families is the most common form of violence against them. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and its effects on married women of Ilam. METHODS: In this descriptive-sectional research, 334 married women referred to medical health centers in Ilam were selected to participate using a random sampling method. After obtaining their consent to participate in the study, participants responded to a 46 items questionnaire and responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows ver. 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: The majority of the participants reported experiencing domestic violence and emotional violence was more prevalent than other kinds of violence. Logistic regression analysis showed that lower education level, marriage at a younger age, shorter duration of marriage, fewer children, being a housewife, and husband's unemployment had a significant relationship with domestic violence against women. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of wife abuse in Ilam especially emotional violence due to lower education levels and marriage at younger age could be a serious threat for women's health as well as for other members of the family. This could be a grounding factor for other social harms such as suicide and this issue must be studied from legal, religious, and cultural standpoints.

Violencia en la relación de pareja de los alumnos de enfermería, 2015 / Violence in the relationship of nursing students, 2015

Objetivo: Conocer y adentrarse en el estudio de violencia en las relaciones de pareja de los estudiantes de la ENEO-UNAM. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, la unidad de observación fueron alumnos de las carreras: Lic. en Enfermería y Lic. en Enfermería y Obstetricia, el muestreo fue no probabilístico. Se aplicó un cuestionario exprofeso “Detección de violencia en pareja”, de 15 reactivos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 112 alumnos, el 84.8% correspondió al género femenino, el 51% tienen menos 20 años, 37% tiene entre 20-23 y el 12% más de 23 años de edad. El 85.7% de las (os) alumnos, informo que tiene violencia emocional (controla su tiempo, celos y la acusa de ser le infiel), El 38.3% está en proceso de gestación de dependencia, el 15.8% tiene violencia económica, el 1.8% dijo tener violencia física, el 8.9% reportó violencia psicológica y solo se reportó un caso de violación por parte de su pareja. Conclusiones: Se confirma que existe violencia en las relaciones de pareja de tipo: emocional, dependencia, física, económica y sexual en los alumnos de enfermería, por lo que se debe de implementar y aplicar una intervención para disminuir esta. Es necesario fomentar que toda pareja llegue a acuerdos, donde se establezcan límites y distancias, sobre todo fomentar el mutuo respeto.

Introduction: The National Survey on the Dynamic of Household Relations (ENDIREH) 2011, reported that 46.1% of women over 15 have experienced violence by their partners. Objective: To determine and enter the study of violence in relationships of students ENEO-UNAM. Methodology: A descriptive study, the observation unit were students of the races: Lic. Nursing and Nursing and Midwifery, was non-probability sampling. a questionnaire exprofeso "Detection of violence as a couple" of 15 items was applied. Results: 112 students were studied, 84.8% were female, 51% are under 20 years, 37% are between 20- 23 and 12% over 23 years old. 85.7% of the (old) students reported having emotional violence (control your time, jealousy and accuses her of being unfaithful), 38.3% is in the making of dependence, 15.8% is economic violence, 1.8 % reported physical violence, 8.9% reported psychological violence and only one reported case of rape by an intimate partner. Conclusions: It is confirmed that there is violence in the relationships of type: emotional dependency, physical, economic and sexual in nursing students, so it must implement and apply an intervention to reduce this. It is necessary to encourage all couples reach agreements, which set limits and distances, especially foster mutual respect.

Violence against Women with Chronic Maternal Disabilities in Rural Bangladesh.

This study explored violence against women with chronic maternal disabilities in rural Bangladesh. During November 2006–July 2008, in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 rural Bangladeshi women suffering from uterine prolapse, stress incontinence, or fistula. Results of interviews showed that exposure to emotional abuse was almost universal, and most women were sexually abused. The common triggers for violence were the inability of the woman to perform household chores and to satisfy her husband’s sexual demands. Misconceptions relating to the causes of these disabilities and the inability of the affected women to fulfill gender role expectations fostered stigma. Emotional and sexual violence increased their vulnerability, highlighting the lack of life options outside marriage and silencing most of them into accepting the violence. Initiatives need to be developed to address misperceptions regarding the causes of such disabilities and, in the long-term, create economic opportunities for reducing the dependence of women on marriage and men and transform the society to overcome rigid gender norms.

Using multivariate multilevel model in studying the influential factors of violence among rural high school students in Changsha / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To provide evidence for setting up violence intervention programs in rural middle schools, through studying the influential factors. Methods Taking variables including emotional, physical and sexual violence in the past year as the multi-dependent variables before multivariate multilevel model logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the correlations among the three kinds of violence and the influential factors. Results Among 3620 respondents, the incidence rates of emotional, physical and sexual violence weres 21.5%, 24.3% and 2.0% respectively. The correlation coefficients between emotional violence vs. physical violence, emotional violence vs. sexual violence, physical violence vs. sexual violence were 0.337,0.133, 0.131 respectively when the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model. There was an internal aggregation of the incidence rate on physical violence in different grades (X2=4.286, P=0.038) and an internal relevant between emotional violence vs. sexual violence (X2=4.239, P=0,039), physical violence vs. sexual violence (X2=4.482, P=0.034). The influential factors on the incidence rates of violence would include:sex, smoking status, family without harmony, tendency of bullying others and the level on self-esteem etc. Conclusion When the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model, the estimated results would be more precise. Other than paying more attention to both individual and family influential factors when taking measures to reduce the incidence rate of violence in high school students, the effect of environment in the class should not be ignored.