The role and value of surgeon-engineer interaction during preoperative planning of patient-specific instrumentation assisted total knee arthroplasty / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the significance and importance of the interaction between surgeons and engineers during the preoperative planning phase of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when utilizing patient-specific instrumentation (PSI).Methods:A retrospective review was conducted on 202 knees of PSI-assisted TKA performed on 178 patients between June 2018 and August 2022. The patients' mean age was 68.4±6.2 years, ranging from 53 to 86 years. Among the participants, there were 149 females and 29 males, 93 left knees and 109 right knees. The study involved 171 patients of osteoarthritis (193 knees) and 7 patients of rheumatoid arthritis (9 knees), with 194 knees presenting varus knees and 8 knees with valgus knees. The preoperative plan documents, from the initial engineer-designed plan to the final plan approved by the surgeon, were analyzed to assess the frequency, parameters, and reasons for adjustments made during the planning process.Results:The planning of the 202 PSI-assisted TKA was subjected to at least one round of surgeon-engineer interaction. Among the 202 TKA planning, 117 knees (57.9%) underwent modifications after discussion, with most plans (100 knees, 49.5%) being confirmed after one round of modification. Two rounds of modifications were performed on 10 knees (5.0%), and three rounds on 5 knees (2.5%). A maximum of four rounds of modifications were made on two knees (0.9%). Furthermore, in the case of the remaining 85 knees (42.1%), the surgeons promptly consented to the engineers' initial planning following the discussions. Specific adjustments were made in 106 knees (52.5%) regarding femoral parameters, 57 knees (28.2%) concerning tibial parameters, and 46 knees (22.8%) requiring adjustments to both femoral and tibial parameters. Notably, the most frequently adjusted parameter was the osteotomy thickness of the posterior femoral condyles, which was modified in 94 knees (80.3%). The reasons for adjusting femoral or tibial parameters were summarized, revealing the main factors as follows: 1) Discrepancy between the mediolateral and anteroposterior diameters of the femoral condyle; 2) Twisted deformity of the proximal tibia; 3) Severe flexion contracture deformity of the knee; 4) Collapse of the medial or lateral tibial plateau; 5) Evident anterior arch deformity of the femur.Conclusion:The interaction between surgeons and engineers plays a pivotal role in the preoperative phase of PSI-assisted TKA. Effective collaboration allows surgeons to accurately analyze the unique anatomical characteristics and pathological changes of each patient in a three-dimensional perspective, facilitating the formulation of individualized surgical plans.

A Review on Pig-to-Human Organ Transplantation / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Xenotransplantation holds the promise of being used to address the imbalance between organ supply and demand for clinical transplantation. Pigs have natural features that make them more suitable donors for transplant organs than non-human primates. A series of biological barriers that arise after pig organ transplantation have been overcome by genetic engineering and pharmacological suppression. Mean- while, the gradual maturity of the genetic engineering technology has been significantly optimized for suit- able pigs for xenotransplantation, and promoted the development of pig organ transplantation research. Although it will take time for pig organ xenotransplantation to enter the clinical trial stage, recent studies conducted in a few brain-dead or critically ill patients have exhibited the great potential of porcine xeno- transplantation in solving the imbalance between supply and demand of organs for clinical transplantation.

Exploration and practice of clinical engineer training mode / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the training mode of continuing education for clinical engineers, and provide reference for the training of clinical engineers.Methods:A total of 31 clinical engineers were selected as the two-stage training mode combined with short-term centralized intensive basic training and standardized post professional training. Comparative analysis of assessment scores before and after training was performed, and the satisfaction of comprehensive effect and post competency improvement after training was evaluated. SPSS 19.0 was used for t-test. Results:The assessment scores after training (85.06±7.31) were significantly higher than those before (69.55±6.74) training ( P = 0.001). The comprehensive training effect of clinical engineers and the satisfaction rate of post competency improvement reached a high level, which were 70.97% (22/31) and 83.87% (26/31), respectively. Conclusion:The two-stage training mode combined with short-term centralized basic intensive training and standardized post professional training can not only effectively improve the theoretical knowledge level, practical ability and post competency of clinical engineers, but also shorten the centralized training time, which is conducive to solving the practical problems that affect the continuing education training program due to the lack of human resources of clinical engineers.

One more place to call home: the invasive bivalve Mytilopsis leucophaeata reaches the Maricá-Guarapina lagoon system (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) / Mais um lugar para chamar de casa: o bivalve invasor Mytilopsis leucophaeata alcança o sistema lagunar Maricá-Guarapina (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)

Abstract Mytilopsis leucophaeata is an estuarine bivalve native from the Gulf of Mexico and Southeast USA, and it was introduced in Europe, Asia, Caribbean, South America and Northeast USA, showing massive colonization skills. In Brazil, the single invasion records of M. leucophaeata occur in the city of Rio de Janeiro, i.e., in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon and in the Marapendi Lagoon. We conducted a new series of fieldworks in estuaries from the Rio de Janeiro state in order to evaluate the propagation of this invasive bivalve, aiming sites with proper salinities for the establishment of M. leucophaeata. A new record is given for the Maricá-Guarapina lagoon system, where M. leucophaeata mainly colonizes hard substrata (such as piers and rocks), reaching a mean density up to 43,375 specimens/m2; however, aggregates of M. leucophaeata were also observed in the soft substratum. Based on mitochondrial sequences, the taxonomic identification of the invasive bivalve was confirmed. The associated fauna to the agglomerates of M. leucophaeata in the lagoon system comprises amphipods, barnacles, tanaidaceans, isopods, crabs, polychaetes and snails. The expansion of M. leucophaeata requires a continuous investigation due to the great circulation of boats in the littoral of the Rio de Janeiro state and the increased chance of new introductions.

Resumo Mytilopsis leucophaeata é um bivalve estuarino originário do Golfo do México e Sudeste dos EUA, tendo sido introduzido na Europa, Ásia, Caribe, América do Sul e Nordeste dos EUA, e apresentando massiva capacidade de colonização. No Brasil, os únicos registros de invasão de M. leucophaeata ocorrem no município do Rio de Janeiro, i.e., na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas e na Lagoa de Marapendi. Este estudo propõe um novo levantamento de campo em estuários fluminenses para avaliar a propagação desse bivalve invasor, visando locais com salinidade propícia para o estabelecimento de M. leucophaeata. Um novo registro é feito para o complexo lagunar Maricá-Guarapina, onde M. leucophaeata coloniza principalmente substratos duros (como píers e rochas), chegando a uma densidade média de 43.375 indíviduos/m2; porém, agregados de M. leucophaeata também foram observados em substrato inconsolidado. Com base em sequências mitocondriais, a identificação taxonômica do bivalve invasor foi confirmada. A fauna associada aos aglomerados de M. leucophaeata no complexo lagunar compreende anfípodes, cracas, tanaidáceos, isópodes, caranguejos, poliquetas e gastrópodes. A expansão de M. leucophaeata demanda uma investigação contínua devido ao alto fluxo de embarcações no litoral fluminense e elevada probabilidade de novas introduções.

Uma visão dos trópicos de Heinrich Gerber, 1850-1860: ciência e pensamento econômico de um engenheiro politécnico alemão no Império do Brasil / Heinrich Gerber's vision of the tropics, 1850-1860: the scientific and economic thinking of a German polytechnic engineer in the Empire of Brazil

Resumo Analisa o pensamento científico do engenheiro politécnico Heinrich August Anton Gerber, contratado pelo governo da província de Minas Gerais de 1858 a 1867. O artigo explora o significado cultural e intelectual das atividades do engenheiro, especialmente a ideia de criação de empresa privada no setor da infraestrutura viária, bem como a mediação para importação de instrumentos científicos e livros. Os resultados também indicam que Gerber participa do envio de brasileiros para estudar engenharia em Paris. Este texto investiga as trocas culturais entre Brasil e Europa, a aplicação do conhecimento científico e o encontro com problemas práticos de ordem econômica e social pelo engenheiro no interior do Império do Brasil.

Abstract This article analyzes the scientific thinking of the German polytechnic engineer Heinrich August Anton Gerber, who was employed by Minas Gerais province from 1858 to 1867. We explore the cultural and intellectual significance of his activities, particularly the idea of creating a private company within the roadway infrastructure sector and his mediating role in the importation of scientific instruments and books. Gerber also appears to have been part of efforts to send Brazilians to study engineering in Paris. Cultural exchanges between Brazil and Europe are investigated, along with the application of scientific knowledge and his encounters with practical economic and social challenges in the interior of the Empire of Brazil.

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the study of herpes simplex virus / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the main pathogen of human herpetic diseases, is an attractive viral vector due to a wide range of host cell types and a large capacity of foreign gene. The manipulation on herpes simplex virus genome, up to 152 kb, has been the key process and has undergone the improvement from homologous recombination to bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and CRISPR/Cas9. However, homologous recombination is imperfect because the efficiency of recombination is relatively low and the product is too complex to purify. Construction of recombinant HSV based on BAC is time-and labor-consuming. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied to genetic engineering of various species by more and more researchers due to its convenience, good repeatability, low cost, and then the manipulation of viral genome is more accurate and efficient. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in the research of HSV gene function, HSV infection therapy and viral vector were summarized in this review, in order to provide reference for corresponding research.

Equipo Médico para Clínicas de Mama una Mirada Desde la Práctica de la Ingeniería Clínica / Medical Equipment for Breast Clinics a View of Clinical Engineering from Practice

Resumen El presente trabajo describe la experiencia que involucro la gestión tecnológica de equipo de médico para el establecimiento de la primera y tercera clínica de mama en la delegación CDMX, Sur, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) como una estrategia para el desarrollo de un programa nacional de detección temprana, diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento con calidad óptima, trato cordial y respeto a los derechos de las pacientes. En este sentido se exponen los principales argumentos referentes a los lineamientos utilizados para la evaluación de la tecnología medica en el desempeño de los mastógrafos digitales por ser este el equipo más representativo del proyecto, para lo cual se elaboró una cedula de descripción que fue aplicada en seis equipos de mastografía en la cual se vierten los conceptos que intervienen en el análisis de especificaciones técnicas, destacando la respuesta de los detectores, dosimetría, contraste y calidad de la imagen entre los principales aspectos. Teniendo como premisa el compartir las experiencias obtenidas en la creación de dichas clínicas, y el rol del ingeniero biomédico como parte del equipo multidisciplinario, considerado como un gestor del conocimiento respecto a la optimización de los equipos de imagenologia en cada una de las unidades médicas.

Abstract The present work describes the experience which involved the medical management of medical equipment for the establishment of the first and third breast cancer clinic in the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) Delegation CDMX South to development a national program for detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer with optimal quality, friendliness and respect for patients' rights. In this sense it expose the main arguments referring to the guidelines used to validate the performance of digital masthographs, are exposed for being this equipment for the most representative in the project, for which a technical information templates was developed, that applied in six mammography's equipment which are the concepts that intervene in technical specifications analysis, emphasizing the detectors response, dosimetry, contrast and image quality among the main aspects. With the premise of sharing the experiences obtained in the creation of these clinics, and the roll of the biomedical engineer as part of a multidisciplinary team, and considered optimization of knowledge manager as regarding imaging equipment in each of the medical units.

La dinamización de las estrategias pedagógicas actuales:una necesidad aplicable a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes de ingeniería del siglo XXI / The dynamization of current pedagogical strategies: a need applicable to the teaching and learning processes of engineering students of the 21st century / A dinamização das estratégias pedagógicas atuais: uma necessidade aplicável aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes de engenharia do século XXI

Resumen Introducción: La dinamización de las estrategias pedagógicas actuales es considerada como una necesidad aplicable a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes de ingeniería del siglo XXI. Objetivo: Aportar elementos para el diseño de estrategia pedagógica aplicable a los programas de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería de Uniremington. Materiales y métodos: Las principales fuentes consultadas fueron libros, revistas científicas y artículos. De igual forma, se utilizó investigación de campo, a través de encuestas estructuradas, aplicadas a docentes y estudiantes de ingeniería, (sistemas, civil e industrial), obteniéndose datos que pertenecen a contextos reales, los que fueron tabulados, graficados y analizados, utilizando técnicas estadísticas. Resultados: De lo anterior se obtuvieron hallazgos que evidencian la participación, experiencias y expectativas de los diferentes actores, así como la respectiva discusión de las temáticas encontradas, las que se abordan en el artículo. Conclusiones: La estrategia pedagógica resultante, definitivamente deberá orientarse hacia la formación de un ingeniero con libertad de pensamiento, capacidad crítica, vocación innovadora y emprendedora, facilidad de movilidad nacional e internacional, interacción física y virtual con pares, acorde a las necesidades dentro de un contexto globalizado, donde definitivamente se deberá integrar la fundamentación teórica y científica con la innovación creatividad y la práctica.

Abstract Introduction: The dynamization of current pedagogical strategies is considered as a need for the teaching and learning processes of engineering students of the 21st century. Objective: To contribute elements for the design of a pedagogical strategy applicable to the programs of the School of Basic Sciences and Engineering of Uniremington. Materials and methods: The main sources consulted were books, scientific journals and articles, which set the bases for this research. Likewise, field research was used throughstructured surveys, applied to teachers and engineering students (Systems, Civil and Industrial), obtaining data from real contexts, which were tabulated, plotted and analyzed, using statistical techniques. Results: Findings evidenced the participation, experiences and expectations of the different actors, as well as the discussion of the issues found, which are addressed in the article. Conclusions: The resulting pedagogical strategy should definitely be oriented towards the training of an engineer with freedom of thought, critical capacity, innovative and entrepreneurial vocation, national and international mobility willingness, physical and virtual interaction with peers, within the needs of a globalized context, where the theoretical and scientific bases should definitely be integrated with innovation, creativity, and practice.

Resumo Introdução: A dinamização das estratégias pedagógicas atuais é considerada como uma necessidade aplicável aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes da engenharia do século XXI. Objetivo: Fornecer elementos para o desenho da estratégia pedagógica aplicável aos programas da Facultade das Ciências Básicas e Engenharia da Uniremington. Materiais e métodos: As principais fontes consultadas foram livros, revistas científicas e artigos. Da mesma forma, utilizou-se pesquisa de campo, por meio de pesquisas estruturadas, aplicadas aos professores e estudantes de engenharia, (sistemas, civil e industrial), se obtendo dados que pertencem a contextos reais, que foram tabulados, plotados e analisados, utilizando técnicas estatísticas. Resultados: Do anterior, obtiveram-se descobertas que mostram a participação, experiências e expectativas dos diferentes atores, bem como a respetiva discussão dos temas encontrados, os quais são abordados no artigo. Conclusões: A estratégia pedagógica resultante, definitivamente deverá se orientar para a formação de um engenheiro com pensamento livre, capacidade crítica, vocação inovadora e empreendedora, facilidade de mobilidade nacional e internacional, interação física e virtual com pares, de acordo com as necessidades num contexto globalizado, onde a fundamentação teórica e científica deve definitivamente se integrar com a inovação criatividade e a prática.

Differences in the performance of health officers at the workplace according to their qualifications

BACKGROUND: Health officers are an integral part of the occupational health service, and there have been studies to identify and improve the role of health officers in the workplace in order to improve the level of health care in the workplace. This study aimed to determine the contribution of health officers to the role of a health officer as prescribed by law and the percentage of health management work performed during work according to their qualifications. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 4584 workplaces where health officers were hired, and a total of 806 copies (17.58%) were returned. Of these, 336 questionnaires were finally analyzed, after excluding questionnaires missing the main variables. Using the data, the difference of role contributions and the percentage of health care work performed during the whole day according to the qualification of the health officer was analyzed. RESULTS: Nurses were highly rated in the field of medical care, and industrial hygienists and air environmental engineers were highly rated in terms of chemicals and risk factor management. The percentage of health care work performed during the whole day differed according to the size of the workplace and industrial classification, but it was generally the lowest among air environmental engineers. CONCLUSIONS: Health officers play a very different role in the workplace depending on their qualification, and they need support for areas of other qualification. In order to effectively manage the health of the staff at a workplace, it is necessary to consider the development of a support system for small- and medium-sized enterprises and adjust the conditions of employment of the health officer according to the law.

Research on Application of Value Engineering in Hospital Management / 中国医院管理

The paper briefly states the significance of value engineering,explores how value significance applies in hospital management,summarizes the actual methods and effect,which provides a new angle of promoting hospital management and core competition.

Discussion of training qualified clinical engineer / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the ways to train qualified clinical engineers,and thereby to enhance the teamwork of clinical engineers.Methods The problems in training the clinical engineer were pointed out in training mode,knowledge reserve,innovation and etc,and some countermeasures were put forward accordingly.Results The countermeasures were proposed from the aspects of basic theoretical system,continuing education system,self-adaptive working mode,enhanced communication and etc.Conclusion The clinical engineer needs to utilize their own advantages to elevate their personal qualities and raise their profiles so as to meet the requirements of social and technological development.

Survey and analysis on clinical engineering departments in Guangdong under new regulations / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the status quo of clinical engineering departments (CED) in Guangdong province, to find out the main problems and challenges, and to give some suggestions on promoting the development of clinical engineering. Methods Questionnaires were issued to directors or engineers in hospitals on department missions, staff composition, quality control and obstructive factors for discipline development. Statistical analysis was executed for the questionnaires. Results Only 53.19% of the CED operated independently. The daily CE practice in Guangdong hospitals included carrying out procurement, installation, maintenance and archiving. Only 28.0%of the hospitals had QC instruments. The education backgrounds were mainly restrained in undergraduate degree and junior college degree, accounting for 80.0%. Totally 39.0% of the clinical engineers majored in biomedical engineering. The personnel with primary or intermediate professional titles accounted for 61.96%. There was 0.68 engineer per 100 beds or 0.23 engineer per ten million Yuan medical equipment. The top 3 factors that hindered the development of CE were inadequacy of professional staff, low education level and absence of laws and regulations. Conclusion CED in Guangdong province drops behind the outstanding institutions in China, and has to be promoted with the efforts of supervision facilities and etc.

Investigation and analysis on the status of maintenance management of medical equipment in Shangdong / 中国医学装备

Objective:To investigate the present situation of the medical equipment maintenance, to establish a method for the reality of large medical equipment maintenance management, improve the quality of medical professionals, regulate third-party maintenance organizations, and break the monopoly of manufacturers, so as to reduce the operating costs of the hospital. Methods: Through questionnaires in the form of the medical engineering technical personnel situation and situation of large medical equipment, large medical equipment maintenance mode selection, and the prospect of medical engineering technology was studied to investigate.Results: A scientific and reasonable method was put forward for the training of medical workers and the standard and development of the third party maintenance platform; and attempts to establish large-scale medical equipment maintenance mode RCM expert diagnostic system.Conclusion: It is of great significance to improve the maintenance management of large medical equipment and reduce the cost of hospital operation.

"Teaching reformation in biotechnological pharmaceutics based on ""Excellent Engineer Education and Training Plan""" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Biotechnological pharmaceutics is an important course for pharmacy undergraduates , however there are many problems in current curriculum design and teaching methods. With the advantage of our platform National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, we tried to carry out the teaching reformation based on Excellent Engineer Education and Training Plan. We optimized the curriculum standards and teaching design, highlighted the combination ofBiotechnological pharmaceuticsand Engineering, strengthened the experiment teaching, tried the reformation of teaching method such as flipped classroom and PBL, strengthened the cultivation of innovative thinking and scientific research ability. Our teaching reformation is beneficial to cultivating the compound talents in the field of biotechnological pharmaceutics.

Application of novel silicon bioinert perforated chambers in tissue-engineering of cartilage in vivo / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the potential applications of a chamber for in vivo tissue engineering,and to establish a novel model for in vivo tissue-engineered cartilage.Methods Auricular chondrocytes were isolated,cultured and identified from the ears cartilages of New Zealand white rab bits; rabbit auricular chondrocytes(RACs) were seeded into the scaffolds:(1) RACs were seeded into collagen gel scaffold; (2) RACs were seeded into PLGA/collagen gel scaffold in vitro,and the compos ites were placed into the chambers and implanted in the donor rabbit.As control groups,the composites were implanted directly subcutaneously in the donor rabbit without using chambers,and the contents were harvested at 8 weeks after implantation.Gross examination,histologic and immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR test were performed to evaluate the harvested contents.Results Under the same conditions inside the chambers,the contents formed into new cartilage-like tissue by histo logical and immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.In contrast,in the control groups without chambers displayed vascular invasion and inflammatory reaction in the subcutaneous layer of skin,which eventually led to fibrous tissue or absorption.Conclusions Cartilage is successfully constructed in an immunocompetent animal model using a bioinert perforated chamber.This method is effective in creating a relatively favorable environment for cartilage regeneration,which may provide a valuable reference for the clinical application of tissue regeneration.

The comparison and biological evaluation of PCL/BP scaffold for tissue engineered artificial sternum / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To prepare the composite of Polycaprolactone(PCL) and Bone powder(BP) for bone repairing,and evaluate the biocompatibility of the material.Methods The materials were prepared in college of chemical engineering and materials science,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and the animal tests were fulfilled in Animal Experimental Center of the Second Military Medical University of PLA from June 2010 to March 2011.The PCL and BP were blended together to get the copolymer by haake ( Rheocord 900 ) torque rheometer.Then the extracts of the material in DMEM for 24 hours were obtained.Firstly biological safety detection of the materials was performed:①cytotoxicity test:the extracts were mixed with DMEM to seed rabbit osteoblasts for 24 hours.The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The cell proliferation rate and toxicity grate were also calculated ( cytotoxicity of grade 0 or 1 was qualified).②hemolysis test:the extracts were mixed with fresh rabbit blood,hemolysis rate were calculated ( hemolysis mte less than 5％ was qualified).③pyrogenic test:the extracts were injected into the rabbit ear vein with the dose of 10 ml/kg.The anus temperature was measured per hour for three times.The elevator degree was calculated by subtracting the natural temperature from the highest one.Secondly,cellular adhesion test of the material composite was performed.The composite was casted on the cover glasses.The samples were put in 6-well tissue culture plates,totally 6 × 104 osteoblasts were seeded each well and cultured for 3 days.The cells were observed at 24 and 72 hours of culture,and photography was performed using inverted phase contrast microscope.④general toxioity test:the extracts were injected into mouse vein with the dose of 50 ml/kg.The toxic symptoms were observed within 72 hours.Results The novel copolymer of PCL/BP was prepared.①Biological safety:the cell viability of the composite was 87.8％ and cytotoxicity was grade 1.The hemolysis rate was 2.4％,less than 5％.The maximal variety of body temperature in rabbits were 0.4℃,which accorded with the national standard ( ＜0.6℃ ).The general toxicity test showed that there were no adverse effects in the animals,such as death,convulsion,paralysis,respiratory depression,diarrhea and decreasing weight.②Cell adhesion:adhesive cells manifold obviously and assembled 24 hours later,inosculated gradually 3 days later,and the cells were in good fettle.Conclusion The composite of PCL/BP accords with cytotoxicity demand of the biological materials,presenting no toxicity,pyrogenicity or hemolysis.It possesses good biocompatibility and cellular adhesion.

Fabrication of tissue engineered trachea by in vitro and in vivo culturing of chondrocytes in plga or dacron porous scaffolds / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of a tissue engineered trachea for replacement fabricated using three dimensional scaffold and chondrocytes by in vitro and in vivo culturing. Methods Rib chondrocytes were isolated and expanded to two passages, then seeded in PLGA or Dacron scaffold at density of 5 × 107/ml. Cultured in vitro for two weeks, the chondrocytes-scaffold model was planted under dorsal skin between nude mice's spine. Histology of cartilage, neovascularization and organizational structure were observed with HE staining, PAS staining and electron microscopic scan were performed after 4,6,8 weeks in vivo. Results Organized structure were observed in both PLGA-chondrocyte model and dacron-chondrocyte model with cartilage formation, neovascularization and tight fibrous connective tissue between scaffold and skin after in vitro and in vivo culture. Conclusion Tissue engineered trachea fabricated using rib chondrocytes and PLGA or dacron scaffold with in vitro and in vivo culture meets the requirement of trachea replacement.

Princípios ergonômicos e o cirurgião dentista: uma avaliação do acadêmico e do profissional / Ergonomic principles and the dentist: an evaluation of the academic and the professional

Atualmente, na odontologia, a busca da perfeição faz com que os cirurgiões dentistas não coloquem em prática os princípios ergonômicos. Posições errôneas, falta de alongamentos e pausas, trazem uma série de distúrbios que podem acarretar o afastamento pré-maturo do profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, por meio de filmagens, os princípios de ergonomia do atendimento odontológico, assim como verificar, por meio de questionários auto-aplicáveis, o conhecimento e aplicação da ergonomia e por fim as queixas de desconforto físico de acadêmicos e profissionais formados. Os resultados das filmagens mostraram que, o profissional não colocou em prática os princípios de ergonomia, sendo observado, principalmente: torção da coluna vertebral para alcançar os instrumentais na posição de 7h ao trabalhar em 9h, auxiliar trabalhando com as pernas cruzadas; não-utilização da mesa auxiliar; levantamento dos ombros do operador, não deixando a linha do antebraço paralela ao chão; e inadequada acomodação do operador sentado no mocho. Os resultados da avaliação com acadêmicos mostraram que, 35% dos entrevistados apresentavam algum tipo de lesão antes de iniciar o curso, e deste total, 67% relataram que houve agravamento destas lesões. Apesar de uma grande maioria dos acadêmicos afirmar ter conhecimento dos princípios de ergonomia (71%) e aplicá-los (75%), 71% nunca realizaram algum tipo de alongamento. Já os profissionais formados a grande maioria (99,1%) relatou ter conhecimento dos princípios de ergonomia, e 80,4% afirmaram aplicá-los, no entanto somente 43% dos profissionais utilizam auxiliar durante os procedimentos. Dos profissionais formados entrevistados, 31,5% afirmaram apresentar DORT, e somente 57% afirmaram fazer algum tipo de alongamento. Portanto, é necessário que tanto o profissional formado, como o acadêmico, tomem ciência de suas atitudes, para que possam realizar uma prática odontológica dentro dos princípios de ergonomia e garantirem a longevidade...

Currently, in dentistry, the quest for perfection means that dentists do not put in practice the ergonomic principles. Erroneous positions, lack of stretching and breaks, bring some disorders that may cause early retirement. The objective of this study was examined, through filming, the ergonomic principles in dental care as well as verify, through self-apply questionnaire the knowledge and application of ergonomics and finally complaints of physical discomfort of academics and professionals formed. Film analyses showed that the dental sessions lasted in average 1h 30 min. Subjects did not put into practice basic ergonomic principles. Problems often detected were: torsion of the spinal to reach instruments at 7-hour position when working at 9-hour, staff working with crossed legs, no use of the auxiliary table, upward position of the operator shoulders so that the arms were not parallel to the floor, and inappropriate seating. The results of evaluation with students showed that 35% of respondents had some kind of injury before starting the course, and this total 67% reported that there was aggravation of these lesions. While a majority of academic claim to have knowledge of the ergonomic principles (71%) and apply them (75%), 71% never had some kind of stretching. About the professionals, the majority (99.1%) reported having knowledge of ergonomic principles, and 80.4% affirmed to apply them, however only 43% of professionals use auxiliary professional during the procedures. 31.5% said that WMSD was present, and only 57% said do some stretching. Therefore, it is necessary for both the professional, such as academic, take their attitudes to science so they can perform a dental practice within the ergonomic principles and ensure the longevity of their profession

Princípios ergonômicos e o cirurgião dentista: uma avaliação do acadêmico e do profissional / Ergonomic principles and the dentist: an evaluation of the academic and the professional

Atualmente, na odontologia, a busca da perfeição faz com que os cirurgiões dentistas não coloquem em prática os princípios ergonômicos. Posições errôneas, falta de alongamentos e pausas, trazem uma série de distúrbios que podem acarretar o afastamento pré-maturo do profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, por meio de filmagens, os princípios de ergonomia do atendimento odontológico, assim como verificar, por meio de questionários auto-aplicáveis, o conhecimento e aplicação da ergonomia e por fim as queixas de desconforto físico de acadêmicos e profissionais formados. Os resultados das filmagens mostraram que, o profissional não colocou em prática os princípios de ergonomia, sendo observado, principalmente: torção da coluna vertebral para alcançar os instrumentais na posição de 7h ao trabalhar em 9h, auxiliar trabalhando com as pernas cruzadas; não-utilização da mesa auxiliar; levantamento dos ombros do operador, não deixando a linha do antebraço paralela ao chão; e inadequada acomodação do operador sentado no mocho. Os resultados da avaliação com acadêmicos mostraram que, 35% dos entrevistados apresentavam algum tipo de lesão antes de iniciar o curso, e deste total, 67% relataram que houve agravamento destas lesões. Apesar de uma grande maioria dos acadêmicos afirmar ter conhecimento dos princípios de ergonomia (71%) e aplicá-los (75%), 71% nunca realizaram algum tipo de alongamento. Já os profissionais formados a grande maioria (99,1%) relatou ter conhecimento dos princípios de ergonomia, e 80,4% afirmaram aplicá-los, no entanto somente 43% dos profissionais utilizam auxiliar durante os procedimentos. Dos profissionais formados entrevistados, 31,5% afirmaram apresentar DORT, e somente 57% afirmaram fazer algum tipo de alongamento. Portanto, é necessário que tanto o profissional formado, como o acadêmico, tomem ciência de suas atitudes, para que possam realizar uma prática odontológica dentro dos princípios de ergonomia e garantirem a longevidade...

Currently, in dentistry, the quest for perfection means that dentists do not put in practice the ergonomic principles. Erroneous positions, lack of stretching and breaks, bring some disorders that may cause early retirement. The objective of this study was examined, through filming, the ergonomic principles in dental care as well as verify, through self-apply questionnaire the knowledge and application of ergonomics and finally complaints of physical discomfort of academics and professionals formed. Film analyses showed that the dental sessions lasted in average 1h 30 min. Subjects did not put into practice basic ergonomic principles. Problems often detected were: torsion of the spinal to reach instruments at 7-hour position when working at 9-hour, staff working with crossed legs, no use of the auxiliary table, upward position of the operator shoulders so that the arms were not parallel to the floor, and inappropriate seating. The results of evaluation with students showed that 35% of respondents had some kind of injury before starting the course, and this total 67% reported that there was aggravation of these lesions. While a majority of academic claim to have knowledge of the ergonomic principles (71%) and apply them (75%), 71% never had some kind of stretching. About the professionals, the majority (99.1%) reported having knowledge of ergonomic principles, and 80.4% affirmed to apply them, however only 43% of professionals use auxiliary professional during the procedures. 31.5% said that WMSD was present, and only 57% said do some stretching. Therefore, it is necessary for both the professional, such as academic, take their attitudes to science so they can perform a dental practice within the ergonomic principles and ensure the longevity of their profession

Experimental study of tissue engineered tendon combined with silk in repair of tendon defect / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To investigate the possibility of construction of tendon defect with allogeneic embryonic tenocyte combined with silk.[Method]Roman hens were randomly divided into 2 groups: construction with allogeneic tenocyte combined with silk as cell group,construction with silk alone as non-cell group.The pathology,vitodynamics and elongation were compared between 2 groups at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks postoperatively.[Result]Collagen production and vitodynamics in cell group were better than those in non-cell group significantly(P