Environmental and nutritional determinants of diarrhoea disease among children under five years in Rwanda: A secondary data analysis of the Rwanda demographic and health survey 2014-15

Background Diarrhoea remains one of the leading of causes of deaths in children under five years old globally. Children under five years are more vulnerable to diarrhea especially those from low and middle countries. The aim of this study was to explore the environmental and nuttitional factors associated with diarrhea among children underfive years in Rwanda. Methods A secondary data analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Heralth Survey 2014-2015 (RDHS 2014-2015) was used. A total sample of 7,558 children under five years old was included. The data were analysed using Stata 13. Bivariate with Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the relashionship of factors associsted with diarreha. A 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 0.05 were set. Results Two environmental factors (Source of drinking water and shared toilets facilities with other households) were associated with child diarrhea. Pvalues: 0.029, OR:1.79, CI [1.06-3.01]; 0.019, OR:1.26, CI: [1.04-1.53] respectively. None of the selected nutritional factors was associated with childhood diarrhea. Conclusion Based on the findings, drinking borehole water and shared toilet facilities were associated with diarrhea. The study therefore recommends the provision of potable water and supporting/enabling the households to own toilets.

Los procesos sociales y medioambientales en la salud de niños asmáticos: desafíos para la ciencia y la tecnología en Cuba / Social and environmental processes in the health of asthmatic children: challenges for science and technology in Cuba

Introducción: la importancia del asma, como problema de salud, no sólo radica en que afecta a muchas personas, por su índice de mortalidad, sino por el impacto socioeconómico en todas las edades. Objetivo: realizar un análisis de los procesos sociales y medioambientales en la salud de niños asmáticos como desafíos para la ciencia y la tecnología en general y en particular para Cuba. Método: investigación documental con varios momentos: la revisión bibliográfica y documental sobre este tema y el análisis del contenido de los mismos, buscando formular inferencias a partir de la identificación de sus características en cuanto a procesos sociales y medioambientales en la salud de niños asmáticos. Conclusiones: el asma es una enfermedad crónica, cuyo curso poblacional es modificable si se actúa sobre los determinantes estructurales de la enfermedad y se generan procesos saludables medioambientales y nutricionales desde la estructura social(AU)

Introduction: The importance of asthma, as a health problem, not only concerns that it affects many people, for it mortality rate, but for the socioeconomic impact at all ages. Objective: To carry out an analysis of the social and environmental processes in the health of asthmatic children as challenges for science and technology in general and in particular in Cuba. Method: Document research with several moments: bibliographic and document review about this topic and their content analysis, aiming at formulating inferences starting from the identification of their characteristics regarding social and environmental processes on the health of asthmatic children. Conclusions: Asthma is a chronic disease, whose population course is modifiable if action is taken over the disease's structural determinants and environmental and nutritional healthy processes are generated from the social structure(AU)