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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics, related factors and prevention and control effects of COVID-19 in Zaoyang City, and to provide references for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future. Methods Data on cases and their close contacts was collected using survey questionnaires. The data was summarized and the relevant factors were statistically analyzed with SPSS17.0. Results A total of 194 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Zaoyang City, including 4 deaths. The reported incidence was 17.13/100,000, and the case mortality rate was 2.06%. The onset of the first case to the last case lasted for 35 days. The peak incidence of local cases occurred 3-5 days after the peak of the imported cases. The average age of onset was 45.40 years, and the proportion of people aged 60 years and above was 16.49%. 46.39% of the cases had travel history in Wuhan and 27.32% had contact history back in Zaoyang. Among the close contacts, the incidence of the disease was highest between husband and wife as well as parents and children. There was no statistical significance in the incidence rate between those who traveled in a private car from Wuhan to Zaoyang with cases in the incubation period and those who did not. The cough rate of the first case in the family was significantly higher in cluster cases than that in sporadic cases. After the implementation of strict closed management, the course of the disease before admission was shortened by 2.2d, and the breakthrough cases accounted for only 12.50% of the local cases. Conclusion A history of living in Wuhan and a history of returning to Zaoyang with exposure were major risk factors. Family prevention could effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Cases with cough symptoms were more likely to cause cluster outbreaks. The prevention and control measures in Zaoyang City are scientific, timely and accurate, which effectively controlled the occurrence of local cases.
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To analyze features of the rabies epidemic in China between 2007 and 2011,identify factors influencing the epidemic and to provide a scientific basis for further control and prevention of rabies,Descriptive epidemiological methods and statistical analysis was used on data collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System between 2007 to 2011 and the National Active Surveillance System between 2007 and 2010.Our analysis shows that while the number of human rabies cases decreased year by year,the number of districts reporting cases did not show significant change.The situations in Guangdong,Guangxi,Guizhou and Hunan provinces clearly improved over the period but they remain provinces with high-incidence,and consequently influence the epidemic situation of surrounding provinces and possibly the whole country.Summer and autumn were high-incidence seasons.Farmers,students and pre-school children represent the high-risk populations,and rates of cases in farmers increased,those for students decreased,and pre-school children remained unchanged.Provinces with active surveillance programs reported a total of 2346 individual cases,of which 88.53％ were associated with canines.Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) of rabies cases was not significantly improved,whereas PEP in post-exposure population was good.In rural regions of China,canine density was reduced somewhat,and the immunization rate increased slightly.Finally we show that while the epidemic decreased 2007 to 2011 in China,cases continued to be diffused in certain regions.Lack of standardization of PEP on rabies cases was the main reason of morbidity.The high density and low immunization of dog in rural areas and the defective situation of PEP are still continuous occurrences in China and remain a cause for concern.