Epidermoid cyst in the right mandible: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To discuss the possible etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of epidermoid cysts of the jaw and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods@#A case of an epidermoid cyst in the right mandible with retained deciduous teeth and succedaneous impacted teeth was reviewed and analyzed in combination with the relevant literature.@*Results@#A patient presented with a mass in the right mandible that had persisted for 1 month after being found at imaging examination. Tooth 83 was retained, and tooth 43 was unerupted. Swelling was characterized by no obvious tenderness, fluctuation, or table tennis sensation and was observed in the lingual alveoli of teeth 83, 44, and 45. Imaging revealed a low-density shadow in the apex of teeth 83, 44, 45, and 46, approximately 1.9 cm × 2.6 cm × 1.6 cm in size, which wrapped around the dental crown of tooth 43. Preliminary diagnoses were as follows: right mandibular mass thought to be a dentigerous cyst; impacted tooth 43; and retained primary tooth 83. The mass in the right mandible was removed, and teeth 43 and 83 were extracted under intravenous and inhalation anesthesia. During the operation, the mass was observed to have a thin cyst wall and contained bean-like residue. Histopathological examination indicated an epidermoid cyst in the right mandible. At the 1-week follow-up examination, the patient reported no discomfort, and the surgical area showed good recovery. According to the literature, epidermoid cysts are benign cysts originating from ectopic ectodermal tissue that can occur throughout the body but rarely in the oral cavity and are even extremely rarer in the jaw. Epidermoid cysts of the jaw, which have no specific clinical manifestations, can be confused with odontogenic cysts such as dentigerous cysts and odontogenic tumors. Dental pulp tests and other techniques can serve as a reference for clinicians. The diagnosis is confirmed via histopathology. Surgical removal is a common treatment, with a good prognosis and a low recurrence rate.@*Conclusion@#The principle of treatment for an epidermoid cyst of the jaw is similar to that for a jaw cyst. The prognosis is good when the cyst is removed completely.

Tratamento cirúrgico do cisto epidermóide situado anteriormente ao osso hióide: relato de caso / The surgery treatament of epidermoid cyst situated anteriorly to the hyoid bone: case report / Tratamiento quirúrgico del quiste epidermoide situado anterior al hueso hioides: reporte de um caso

O cisto epidermóide (CE) é uma má formação cística de desenvolvimento incomum. Ocorre mais comumente na linha média do assoalho da boca, ocasionalmente localiza-se lateralmente ou em outros sítios. A etiologia do CE ainda é incerta, mas acredita-se que esteja associado a remanentes do ectoderma durante a fusão do primeiro e segundo arcos branquiais. A lesão cresce lentamente sem provocar dor, apresentando-se como massa de consistência semelhante à de borracha ou à massa de pão. Seu diagnóstico se dá por meio de exame clínico e exames complementares de imagem como tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e/ou ultrassonografia, entretanto somente com o exame histopatológico é possível um diagnóstico definitivo. A excisão cirúrgica do cisto é o tratamento de escolha. Quando o diagnóstico é precoce e a intervenção correta, o índice de recidiva torna-se raro. Diante da raridade de casos na região maxilo facial e a dificuldade relacionada ao diagnóstico, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos descrever a ocorrência do cisto epidermóide bem como seu diagnóstico através de exame histopatológico/exames de imagem, tratamento cirúrgico e contribuir com a literatura já existente por meio de um relato de caso que foi diagnosticado no Serviço de Patologia Bucal da Universidade de Gurupi, campus Gurupi/TO.

Epidermoid cysts (EC) is an unusually developing cystic malformation that occurs most frequently in the midline of the floor of the mouth, occasionally located laterally or elsewhere. The etiology of the (EC) still uncertain, but it is believed to be associated with remnants of the ectoderm during the fusion of the first and second branchial arches. The lesion grows slowly without causing pain, presenting itself as a mass with a consistency like of rubber or bread dough. Diagnosis of (EC) is made through complementary imaging tests such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and/or ultrasound, only histopathological examination it is possible to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision of cyst is the treatment of choice. When the diagnosis is made early and the intervention is correct, the recurrence rate is rare. Given the rarity of cases in the maxillofacial region and the difficulty related to diagnosis, this study aims to describe epidermoid cysts occurrence and your diagnostic through of histopathologic/imagine exams, surgical treatment and contribute to the existing literature, through a review and description of a clinical case that was diagnosed at the Oral Pathology Outpatient Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry - University of Gurupi - UNIRG. Gurupi -Tocantins. Brazil.

El quiste epidermoide (CE) es una malformación quística de desarrollo infrecuente. Ocurre más comúnmente en la línea media del piso de la boca, ocasionalmente se localiza lateralmente o en otra parte. La etiología de la FB aún es incierta, pero se cree que está asociada con restos del ectodermo durante la fusión del primer y segundo arcos branquiales. La lesión crece lentamente sin causar dolor, apareciendo como una masa con una consistencia similar a la de la goma o la masa de pan. Su diagnóstico se realiza a través del examen clínico y pruebas de imagen complementarias como tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética y/o ultrasonografía, sin embargo, solo con el examen histopatológico es posible un diagnóstico defi nitivo. La escisión quirúrgica del quiste es el tratamiento de elección. Cuando el diagnóstico es temprano y la intervención es correcta, la tasa de recurrencia se vuelve rara. Dada la rareza de los casos en la región maxilofacial y la difi cultad relacionada con el diagnóstico, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la ocurrencia del quiste epidermoide así como su diagnóstico a través del examen histopatológico/pruebas de imagen, tratamiento quirúrgico y contribuir a la literatura existente a través de un reporte de caso que fue diagnosticado en el Servicio de Patología Oral de la Universidad de Gurupi, campus Gurupi/TO.

Epidermoid cysts of the orofacial region: A clinico-pathological study of 13 cases with review of literature

Background: Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon benign cystic lesions derived from the germinative epithelium. Head and neck ECs constitute only 7% of all ECs whereas only 1.6% are seen intraorally. The floor of the mouth is the commonest intraoral site whereas tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, and jaws are less commonly involved intraoral sites. To date, very few large case series of ECs of head and neck have been published. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third-largest case series of 11 intraoral ECs along with 2 extra-oral cases in the pre-auricular region. Aims: To highlight the typical and atypical features of ECs in the common as well as rare sites and draw attention to its consideration as a differential diagnosis for head and neck masses. Settings and Design: Archival data of 13 histopathological cases identified as ECs were analyzed from the Department of Oral Pathology at a tertiary dental hospital and college in New Delhi from 2007 to 2020. Materials and Methods: The demographic, clinical, radiographic, histopathological features, and treatment modalities were recorded and analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used: Appropriate statistical tests were used. Results: The study found strong male predilection in the ratio of 10:3 with an average age of presentation as 28 years. The pre-auricular region and floor of the mouth were the common sites involved followed by buccal mucosa, lips, and jaws. All patients presented with slowly growing swelling with dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia seen in larger cysts on the floor of the mouth. Microscopically, all cases were lined with stratified squamous epithelium filled with laminated layers of keratin. Two cases showed the presence of melanin. One case showed recurrence even after complete surgical excision. Conclusion: ECs, though a rare entity, should be considered in differential diagnosis for head and neck masses and require close follow-up due to their potential for malignant transformation.

Epidermoid cyst of the brain: A common cystic lesion in rare location

Epidermoid cysts are common benign tumors comprising around 1% and 2% of all intracranial tumors. Their usual locations include the parasellar region and cerebellopontine angle, and less commonly, the Sylvian fissure, suprasellar region, cerebral, and cerebellar hemispheres. Epidermoid cysts located in the brain stem are rare. These epidermoid cysts are similar to epidermoids arising in the skin which contain cheesy and flaky-white soft pultaceous material. Epidermoid cysts are very slow-growing tumors having a similar growth pattern of the epidermal cells of the skin and develop from the remnants of epidermal elements during the closure of the neural groove and disjunction of the surface ectoderm with neural ectoderm between the 3rd and 5th weeks of embryonic life. The ideal treatment of choice is the removal of cystic components with the complete resection of the capsule. We are presenting an interesting case of an epidermoid cyst in the frontal lobe in a 42-year-old male along with radiological investigations.

A case of intramandibular epidermoid cyst and literature analysis / 华西口腔医学杂志

Epidermoid cysts are generally benign neoplastic lesions, the etiology of which is unclear and is mainly related to epithelial cells left in the tissues during the embryonic period and traumatically implanted in the tissues. The most common intraosseous sites are the phalanges and the skull. Epidermoid cysts occurring in the jaws are clinically rare. In this paper, we report a case of epidermoid cyst occurring in the mandible with embedded teeth and discuss the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of epidermoid cysts in the jaws in the context of the relevant literature.

Carcinoma epidermoide sarcomatoso metastásico a la placenta: un reporte de caso / Metastatic sarcomatosus squamous carcinoma to the placenta: a case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El cáncer epidermoide cutáneo de tipo sarcomatoide es una neoplasia rara, de bajo riesgo de malignidad, con menos del 2% de riesgo de metástasis. Su comportamiento agresivo es inusual y casi siempre asociado con factores que favorecen su malignidad. La metástasis a la placenta es también excepcional: hasta la actualidad solo se han reportado 61 casos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 35 años con antecedentes de dos embarazos, en curso de las 33 semanas de gestación, carcinoma epidermoide infiltrante en la pierna izquierda, con amputación supracondílea y metástasis pulmonar. Ingresó a urgencias por dificultad respiratoria, sin trabajo de parto, taquicárdica y taquipneica. Se decidió la cesárea con obtención de nacido vivo, de sexo femenino, 1860 g, sin complicaciones. Luego de la intervención, la paciente fue trasladada a una institución especializada en atención oncológica, donde falleció a las 24 horas. La recién nacida se dio de alta sin complicaciones y sin manifestaciones oncológicas o de otro tipo hasta el año de nacida. CONCLUSIONES: Luego de una búsqueda exhaustiva en la bibliografía los autores consideran que el caso aquí comunicado es el primero en Perú de cáncer epidermoide cutáneo de tipo sarcomatoide con metástasis a la placenta.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Sarcomatoid cutaneous epidermoid cancer is a rare neoplasm, with a low risk of malignancy and less than 2% risk of metastasis. Its aggressive behavior is unusual and almost always associated with factors favoring its malignancy. Placental metastasis is also exceptional: only 61 cases have been reported to date. CLINICAL CASE: 35-year-old female patient, with a history of two pregnancies, in 33 weeks of gestation, infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma of the left leg, with supracondylar amputation and pulmonary metastasis. She was admitted to the emergency room for respiratory distress, without labor, tachycardic and tachypneic. It was decided to perform a cesarean section with live birth, female, 1860 g, without complications. After the intervention, the patient was transferred to an institution specialized in oncologic care, where she died 24 hours later. The newborn was discharged without complications and without oncologic or other manifestations up to one year of age. CONCLUSIONS: After an exhaustive search of the literature, the authors consider the case reported here to be the first case of sarcomatoid epidermoid skin cancer with metastasis to the placenta.

Herida crónica digital: ¿quiste epidermoide, osteomielitis o ambos? Presentación de dos casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura / Chronic digital wound: epidermoid cyst, osteomyelitis or both? Presentation of two clinical cases and review of the literature

Resumen: Introducción: ante una herida crónica a nivel digital se plantea el diagnóstico diferencial entre osteomielitis o tumor primario. No es infrecuente la coexistencia entre osteomielitis y quiste óseo epidermoide. Material y métodos: en este artículo describimos dos casos de quistes epidermoides en falange distal de la mano asociados a osteomielitis y se presenta una revisión de la literatura. Resultados: tanto la osteomielitis como el quiste óseo epidermoide se han relacionado con la presencia de un traumatismo previo en el sitio de la lesión, alteraciones ungueales y signos flogóticos crónicos, por lo que es importante llegar a un diagnóstico certero mediante un estudio anatomopatológico y realizar un buen desbridamiento quirúrgico que asegure la curación de ambas entidades. Conclusiones: el desbridamiento quirúrgico asociado a curetaje y relleno del defecto óseo con sustituto óseo por medio de antibiótico es una buena opción terapéutica en el tratamiento de estas lesiones.

Abstract: Introduction: when faced with a chronic digital injury, the differential diagnosis between osteomyelitis or primary tumor is raised. Coexistence between osteomyelitis and epidermoid bone cyst is not uncommon. Material and methods: in this article, we describe two cases of epidermoid cysts in distal phalanx of the hand associated with osteomyelitis and a review of the literature is presented. Results: both osteomyelitis and epidermoid bone cyst have been related to the presence of previous trauma at the site of the lesion, nail alterations and chronic phlogotic signs, so it is important to reach a diagnosis of certainty through an anatomopathological study and to perform a good surgical debridement to ensure the healing of both entities. Conclusions: surgical debridement associated with curettage and filling of the bone defect with bone substitute with antibiotic is a good therapeutic option in the treatment of these lesions.

Abordaje Quirúrgico de Quiste Epidermoide del Piso de la Cavidad Oral, con Vía Aérea Difícil e Intubación Vigil

Los quistes epidermoides son patologías benignas que se originan cuando células germinativas quedan atrapadas dentro de los arcos branquiales durante su cierre. Su prevalencia es baja, siendo aún menos prevalente su par, el quiste dermoide. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 17 años, de sexo femenino que debuta con aumento de volumen en piso de la cavidad, bilateral (de larga data), con obstrucción parcial de vía aérea, dificultad a la fonación y deglución. La tomografía computarizada entrega una imagen hipodensa, autolimitada, en los espacios submandibular y sublingual. Como hipótesis diagnóstica se sugiere un quiste dermoide o epidermoide. La paciente es intervenida y la muestra entregada a anatomopatología. El diagnóstico definitivo corrobora la hipótesis presuntiva de quiste epidermoide.

Epidermoid cysts are benign pathologies that originate when germinative cells become trapped within the branchial arches during their closure. Its prevalence is low, and its peer, the dermoid cyst, is even less prevalent. The clinical case is presented of a 17-year-old female patient who presents a bilateral increase in the oral cavity (long- standing), with partial obstruction of the airway, difficulty in phonation and swallowing. The computed tomography provides a hypodense, self-limited image in the submandibular and sublingual spaces. A dermoid or epidermoid cyst is suggested as a diagnostic hypothesis. The patient undergoes surgery, and the sample is delivered to pathology. The definitive diagnosis corroborates the presumptive hypothesis of an epidermoid cyst.

Quiste epidermoide en conducto auditivo externo: reporte de caso / Epidermoid cysts of the external auditory canal: case report

Resumen El quiste epidérmico es una lesión benigna y común de la piel. Se desarrolla por un bloqueo de la unidad pilosebácea, con la consecuente proliferación de células epiteliales y secuestro de queratina. El 7% se desarrollan en cabeza y cuello, sin embargo, son infrecuentes en canal auditivo externo. Su patrón de crecimiento es lento y progresivo durante años, siendo asintomáticos. Al aumentar de tamaño causan sintomatología variable, acorde a su localización; en el canal auditivo tienen un comportamiento obstructivo que genera síntomas como otalgia e hipoacusia. Se presenta caso de una paciente de 69 años, con acúfeno e hipoacusia progresiva derecha. Durante la otoscopia se observó una neoformación obstructiva del 100% de la luz del conducto. Se realizaron estudios de imagen que reportaron tumoración de características quísticas de conducto auditivo derecho, bien circunscrita, sin erosión ósea. Para el diagnóstico definitivo, se realizó resección quirúrgica y biopsia reportando quiste epidérmico. Durante el seguimiento posoperatorio sin hallazgos de recidiva.

Abstract The epidermal cyst is a common and benign lesion of the skin. It develops due to a blockage of the pilosebaceous unit, with the consequent proliferation of epithelial cells and keratin sequestration. Seven percent develop in the head and neck; however, they are infrequent in the external auditory canal. Its growth pattern is slow and progressive over the years, being asymptomatic. As they increase in size, they cause variable symptoms, according to their location. In the ear canal they have an obstructive behavior that generates symptoms such as earache and hearing loss. A case of a 69-year-old female with tinnitus and progressive right hearing loss is presented. At otoscopy, a 100% obstructive neoformation of the canal lumen was observed. Imaging studies showed a well circumscribed, cystic tumor of the right ear canal, without bone erosion. For the definitive diagnosis, a resection and biopsy were performed, reporting an epidermal cyst. During follow up there was no recurrence of tumor.

El pH salival como marcador biológico en pacientes diagnosticados con carcinoma epidermoide oral de Guantánamo / Salivary pH as diagnostic biomarker in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cells carcinoma in Guantanamo / pH salivar como marcador biológico em pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma epidermóide oral de Guantánamo

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer bucal constituye un problema de salud de connotación mundial. Objetivo: Comparar las variaciones del pH salival entre pacientes con carcinoma epidermoide recién diagnosticados, después del tratamiento oncoespecífico y sujetos aparentemente sanos de la provincia Guantánamo, Cuba, en el período noviembre 2019- enero 2022. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo, transversal, en pacientes ambulatorios de la consulta de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto". El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 200 pacientes divididos en 3 subgrupos: subgrupo I (50 pacientes recién diagnosticados con carcinoma epidermoide oral, con diagnóstico concomitante de caries dental y periodontitis crónica del adulto); subgrupo II (50 pacientes con la referida patología después de tratamiento oncoespecífico, tratados por las enfermedades bucales antes citadas) y subgrupo III (100 pacientes controles aparentemente sanos). Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de dieta y pH salival. Resultados: La edad media fue de 59,8 años, 70 % fueron hombres. Se asoció la dieta consumida y cada subgrupo (p=0,001). El pH salival de los pacientes con carcinoma epidermoide recién diagnosticados afectados por ambas enfermedades bucales fue ácido (6,25±0,37) en comparación a los otros subgrupos. El 98,6 % de los pacientes con pH salival ácido presentaron una dieta usual a base de carbohidratos y grasas (p=0,000). Conclusiones: Se evidenció que el pH salival de los pacientes con carcinoma epidermoide recién diagnosticados fue ácido en comparación a los otros subgrupos, por lo que este parámetro puede usarse como un marcador biológico de la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral cancer is a common health problem worldwide. Objective: Compare the salivary pH range changes among patients diagnosed recently with oral squamous cells carcinoma after receiving oncospecific treatment and subjects apparently healthy, Guantanamo, Cuba, period time November 2019 -January 2022. Method: A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out in outpatients of the Maxillofacial Surgery Consultation room at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto". The study group consisted of 200 patients divided into 3 subgroups: subgroup I (50 newly diagnosed patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, with concomitant diagnosis of dental caries and chronic adult periodontitis); subgroup II (50 patients with the aforementioned pathology after oncospecific treatment, treated for the aforementioned oral diseases) and subgroup III (100 apparently healthy control patients). The following variables were studied: age, sex, type of diet and salivary pH. Results: Average age was 59.8 years, 70% were men. There was an association between the diet consumed and each subgroup (p= 0.001). The salivary pH of newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma patients affected by both oral diseases was acidic (6.25±0.37) compared to the other subgroups. The 98.6% of patients with acid salivary pH presented a usual diet based on carbohydrates and fats (p=0.000). Conclusions: It was shown that the salivary pH of newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma was acidic compared to the other subgroups. Therefore, this parameter can be used as a biological marker of the disease.

RESUMO Introdução: O câncer bucal é um problema de saúde global. Objetivo: Comparar as variações do pH salivar entre pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular recém-diagnosticado, após tratamento oncoespecífico, e indivíduos aparentemente saudáveis da província de Guantánamo, Cuba, no período de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2022. Método: Estudo descritivo, comparativo, cruzado seccional, em pacientes ambulatoriais da consulta de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto". O grupo de estudo foi composto por 200 pacientes divididos em 3 subgrupos: subgrupo I (50 pacientes recém-diagnosticados com carcinoma espinocelular oral, com diagnóstico concomitante de cárie dentária e periodontite crônica do adulto); subgrupo II (50 pacientes com a patologia supracitada após tratamento oncoespecífico, tratados para as doenças bucais supracitadas) e subgrupo III (100 pacientes controles aparentemente saudáveis). As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, tipo de dieta e pH salivar. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 59,8 anos, 70% eram homens. A dieta consumida e cada subgrupo foram associados (p=0,001). O pH salivar de pacientes recém-diagnosticados com carcinoma espinocelular afetados por ambas as doenças bucais foi ácido (6,25±0,37) em comparação com os outros subgrupos. 98,6% dos pacientes com pH salivar ácido apresentaram dieta habitual baseada em carboidratos e gorduras (p=0,000). Conclusões: Evidenciou-se que o pH salivar dos pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular recém-diagnosticado foi ácido em relação aos demais subgrupos. Portanto, esse parâmetro pode ser utilizado como marcador biológico da doença.

Clinical and histopathological profile of primary caruncular lesions

Purpose: To provide a retrospective analysis of lesions of the caruncle which have been very rarely reported in the literature. Methods: A retrospective review of all the caruncular lesions between January 2000 and January 2020 was done at a single tertiary eye care hospital. The lesions were classified as benign and malignant lesions. Clinicopathological correlation was done for the excised lesions. Results: A total of 87 caruncular lesions were included in the study. Males (59%) were affected more than females (41%). The mean age at presentation was 44 ± 20 years. The mean duration of complaint was 36 ± 62 months. A total of 36 patients underwent surgical excision whereas the rest opted for conservative management. Recurrence was noted in five patients. Fifteen different types of lesions were identified histopathologically. Benign lesions (78%) were far more common than malignant ones (22%). Epithelial inclusion cyst was the most common benign lesion and sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in 52.7% of the cases. Caruncular tuberculosis, oncocytoma, and basosquamous cell carcinoma were some of the rare lesions. Conclusion: Caruncular lesions are uncommon and very diverse, which makes clinical diagnosis challenging. Epithelial inclusion cyst and sebaceous gland carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant lesions respectively. Correct clinicopathological correlation was seen in more than half of the cases

Multiple Epidermoid Cysts of Face: A Case Report

Introduction: Epidermoid cysts are cystic malformations filled with keratin and lipid rich debris. They generally present as benign, soft, and freely movable, slowly enlarging, and non-tender masses, commonly located on the face, neck and trunk of the body. They are more commonly seen in ovaries and gonads, and less often in head and neck region. Approximately 7% of epidermoid cysts are present in the head and neck region and about 1.6% are found in the oral cavity. They can be either congenital or acquired in origin. Congenital epidermoid cyst occurs at third and fourth intra-uterine life due to entrapment of ectodermal elements entrapped during midline fusion of first and second branchial arches. However, acquired epidermal cysts occur due to implantation of epidermal elements following cystic transformation. Case presentation: In this article, we discuss a case of epidermoid cysts presenting in multiple areas of the face which clinically appeared to as acquired nevi (mole). Management/Prognosis: Based on clinical appearance and provisional diagnosis, treatment of mole was made. The lesions were excised by electrocautery and sent for histopathological evaluation. Conclusion: There was a drastic difference between the clinical appearance and histopathological picture seen. A thorough knowledge about etiology, clinical history and histopathology is needed to reach an accurate diagnosis

Quiste epidermoide en vallécula glosoepiglótica. Reporte de casos / Epidermoid cyst in the glossoepiglottic vallecula: case report

Resumen Los quistes laríngeos son muy infrecuentes y en su mayoría de etiología benigna. Se reportan dos casos de pacientes adultos que presentaron lesiones quísticas en vallécula glosoepiglótica con diagnóstico histológico de quiste epidermoide. Los quistes epidermoides en vallécula pocas veces han sido reportados en la literatura, pueden ser asintomáticos o por su localización producir síntomas como sensación de ocupación faríngea, tos o incluso dificultad respiratoria.

Abstract Laryngeal cysts are very infrequent and mostly benign. Two cases are presented of adult patients who presented cystic lesions in the glossoepiglottic vallecula with histological diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. Epidermoid cysts in vallecula have rarely been reported in the literature, they can be asymptomatic or due to their location produce symptoms such as pharyngeal occupation sensation, cough or even respiratory difficulty.

Carcinoma epidermoide de piel tratado con HeberFERON®

RESUMEN Introducción: en la literatura biomédica son escasos los reportes sobre el uso de los interferones como tratamiento en el carcinoma epidermoide. En una unidad de atención primaria, en Colón, Matanzas, se implementó el HeberFERON® en este tipo de tumor, con experiencias favorables. Objetivo: describir la efectividad del HeberFERON® en el carcinoma epidermoide. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo en 33 lesiones de carcinoma epidermoide en 29 pacientes. La dosis fue de 7,0 y 10,5 MUI de actividad antiviral, infiltrada de forma perilesional tres veces por semana durante tres semanas. Se realizó el seguimiento clínico de los pacientes antes del tratamiento y a las 16 semanas del inicio del mismo. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, fototipo de piel, procedencia, localización, tipo clínico, estadio y respuesta clínica al tratamiento. Se consideraron cuatro categorías de respuesta: completa, parcial, enfermedad estable y progresiva. Se incluyó la respuesta objetiva (completa más parcial). Se recogieron los datos en una historia clínica. Se utilizaron los programas Microsoft Excel y SPSS para el procesamiento estadístico. Resultados: el 65,5 % de los pacientes correspondió al sexo masculino. Un 58,6 % son fototipo II y de procedencia urbana. Predominaron las edades entre 61 y 80 años (55,2 %). Hubo respuesta objetiva en 57,6 % (cinco completas y 14 parciales). Las mejores respuestas la mostraron el carcinoma epidermoide queratósico superficial y el noduloulceroso. Conclusiones: la mezcla de interferones fue efectiva en el carcinoma epidermoide en todos los subtipos clínicos, aunque los autores sugieren un segundo ciclo de HeberFERON® o asociarlo con quimioterapia cuando la respuesta no sea completa.

ABSTRACT Introduction: there are few reports in the literature on the use of interferon in the treatment of the squamous cell carcinoma. In a primary care unit in Colon, Matanzas, HeberFERON® was implemented in this type of tumor with favorable experiences. Objective: to describe the effectiveness of HeberFERON® in epidermoid carcinoma. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive study was conducted in 33 epidermoid carcinoma lesions in 29 patients. The doses were 7.0 and 10.5 MUI of antiviral activity, perilesionally infiltrated three times a week for three weeks. Clinical follow-up of patients was performed before the treatment and at 16 weeks from the beginning of the treatment. The variables were: age, sex, skin phototype, origin; location, clinical type, stage and clinical response to treatment. Four categories of response were considered: complete, partial, stable and progressive disease. The objective response (complete plus partial) was included. Data were collected in a clinical record. The Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs were used for statistical processing. Results: 65.5 % of patients were male. 58.6 % are phototype II and of urban origin. Ages ranging from 61 to 80 years (55.2 %) predominated. There was objective response in 57.6 % (five complete and 14 partials). The superficial keratotic squamous cell carcinoma and the nodular ulcerative one showed the best responses. Conclusions: interferon mixing was effective in all clinical subtypes of epidermoid carcinoma, although the authors suggest a second cycle of HeberFERON® or to associate it with chemotherapy when the response is not complete.

Middle phalanx epidermoid cyst, an unusual site: A case report

Background: Epidermoid cysts are cutaneous cysts frequently observed among farmers, factory workers, carpenters, and tailors due to their occupations’ predilection for repetitive minor hand trauma. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male laborer presented to our hospital with a swelling on the palmar aspect of his right middle finger. The swelling was accompanied by pain and an inability to work over the previous four months. A 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm smooth, tender, immobile, non-compressible hard swelling was detected just above the middle phalanx during the clinical examination on the volar aspect of the right middle finger. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after excision. The patient’s range of motion improved significantly following surgery, and his pain subsided. Conclusion: We present a novel location for an epidermal inclusion cyst and the importance of histopathologic evaluation in this case. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of extensively checking the cyst’s epithelium to guarantee complete capsule removal and rule out any additional pathology.

Quiste epidermoide intraventricular. Presentación de un caso / Intraventricular epidermoid cyst. A case report

RESUMEN Fundamento: El tumor epidermoide es una lesión benigna que representa cerca del 1 % de las neoplasias intracraneales, su origen es embrionario y son frecuentes en la línea media. Objetivo: Presentar un caso poco frecuente de un quiste epidermoide dentro del cuarto ventrículo, que debutó con hidrocefalia en un paciente de la quinta década de la vida. Presentación clínica: Paciente blanco, masculino, de 49 años que debutó con cefalea, vértigos e inestabilidad para la marcha. Al examen físico neurológico se encontraba consciente, con manifestaciones de un síndrome cerebeloso vermiano. Los estudios de tomografía axial computarizada y de resonancia magnética nuclear simple y contrastada demostraron una lesión homogénea, redondeada con poca captación de contraste, dentro del cuarto ventrículo acompañada de una hidrocefalia triventricular. La estrategia quirúrgica se orientó primero a colocar una derivación ventrículo peritoneal y en un segundo momento se realizó el tratamiento quirúrgico directo a la lesión a través de una craniectomía medial de fosa posterior. Después de la durotomía se observó la lesión nacarada, de aproximadamente 2 cm de diámetro, encapsulada que permitió su resección completa y el restablecimiento de la circulación del líquido cefalorraquídeo. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente con recuperación total de sus manifestaciones clínicas y sin secuelas. Conclusiones: Los quistes epidermoides, aunque predominan en la línea media son muy raros dentro del sistema ventricular. La resonancia magnética es el estudio de elección, el diagnóstico positivo es histopatológico y la resección quirúrgica completa permitieron la curación del enfermo.

ABSTRACT Background: Epidermoid cyst is a benign lesion that represents about 1 % of intracranial neoplasms, of embryonal origin and frequent in the media line. Objective: To present a rare case of an epidermoid cyst within the fourth ventricle in a patient who had hydrocephalus in the fifth decade of life. Clinical report: 49 years old, white male patient, who presented headache, dizziness and gait instability. He was conscious when neurologic physical examination, with appearances of a cerebellar vermis syndrome. Computed axial tomography also simple and contrasted nuclear magnetic resonance imaging studies showed a homogeneous, rounded lesion with low contrast acquisition, within the fourth ventricle, accompanied by triventricular hydrocephalus. The surgical strategy was first oriented to place a ventricle-peritoneal shunt, then direct surgical treatment of the lesion through a posterior fossa medial craniotomy. After dural surgery, a pearly lesion was observed, approximately 2 cm diameter, encapsulated, which allowed its complete resection and the reestablishment of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. The patient evolved positively with total recovery of his clinical manifestations and without any sequela. Conclusions: Epidermoid cysts, although predominant in the media line are very rare within the ventricular system. Magnetic resonance imaging is the choice study, the positive histopathological diagnosis and complete surgical resection allowed the patient to be cured.

Quiste epidermoide en región parotídea. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Epidermoid cyst in the parotid region. A case report and review of the literature

Los quistes epidermoides son lesiones quísticas benignas que se desarrollan de componentes epiteliales anormales de tejido ectodérmico formado durante el periodo fetal (congénito) o por epitelio implantado después de una cirugía o trauma (adquirido). El quiste epidermoide es considerado una lesión benigna que afecta la región del pericráneo, cara, cuello, espalda y torso, el 7% de estos quistes ocurren en la región de la cabeza y el cuello y solo el 1,6% representa la cavidad oral. A continuación, se presenta un caso clínico con diagnóstico histopatológico de quiste epidermoide en la región parotídea, el cual no presentó un compromiso del parénquima glandular, el cual fue tratado mediante escisión quirúrgica completa, sin alteración o daño al nervio facial, con seguimiento postoperatorio de tres años sin recidiva.

Epidermoid cysts are benign cystic lesions that develop from abnormal epithelial components of ectodermal tissue formed during the fetal period (congenital) or from epithelium implanted after surgery or trauma (acquired). The epidermoid cyst is considered a benign lesion that usually affects the scalp, face, neck, back, and torso. 7% of these cysts occur in the head and neck, whereas the oral cavity represents only 1.6%. A clinical case is presented with a histopathological diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst in the parotid region, which did not present compromise of the glandular parenchyma, that was treated with complete surgical excision, without alteration or damage to the facial nerve, with a three-year postoperative follow-up without recurrence.

Unusual clinical manifestation of epidermoid cyst mimicking basal cell carcinoma / Presentación clínica inusual de quiste epidermoide imitando un carcinoma basocelular

Epidermoid cyst is a type of cutaneous cyst commonly found in daily practice. The facial area is the most common area for emergence of this benign condition. Simple extirpation is usually performed to remove epidermoid cysts. However, in rare cases, epidermoid cysts can evolve into malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or can mimic them, which adds difficulty when making a proper diagnosis. In cases of doubt, histopathology plays a key role in aiding diagnosis. This case report is about a 33-year-old woman with suspected nodular lesion that mimicked BCC, but after histopathological analysis was confirmed to be epidermoid cyst

El quiste epidermoide es un tipo de quiste cutáneo que se encuentra frecuentemente en la práctica diaria. El área facial es el área más común para la aparición de esta lesión benigna. La extirpación quirúrgica simple es el procedimiento habitual para eliminar los quistes epidermoides. Sin embargo, en casos raros, los quistes epidermoides pueden evolucionar en neoplasias malignas como el carcinoma basocelular (CCB) o pueden imitarlos, lo que añade dificultad al hacer un diagnóstico adecuado. En caso de duda, la histopatología desempeña un papel clave en la ayuda al diagnóstico. Este informe de caso trata sobre una mujer de 33 años con sospecha de lesión nodular que imitaba el CCB, pero después de que se confirmó con el análisis histopatológico, que se trataba de un quiste epidermoide.

Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii do not suppress ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy in cattle: case report / [Metaplasia escamosa da rete ovarii não interrompe a ciclicidade ovariana e a gestação em bovinos: relato de caso]

Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii is an ovarian pathologic change characterized by replacement of the normal single layered cuboidal epithelium of the rete ovarii by a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Uterus and ovaries from a local slaughterhouse pregnant crossbreed cow were evaluated through ultrasound, macroscopically and histologically. Grossly, there were multiple cysts in both ovaries, which were histologically characterized as rete ovarii cysts with squamous metaplasia and intraluminal accumulation of keratinized material. Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii has been previously reported in cows, however this is the first report of this condition in a pregnant animal, demonstrating that this ovarian change is compatible with pregnancy.(AU)

A metaplasia escamosa da rete ovarii é uma patologia ovariana caracterizada pela substituição do epitélio simples cuboidal normal da rete ovarii por um epitélio estratificado escamoso queratinizado. Útero e ovários de uma vaca mestiça gestante, proveniente de abatedouro, foram avaliados por ultrassonografia, macroscopia e histologia. Verificaram-se vários cistos em ambos os ovários, histologicamente caracterizados como cistos de rete ovarii com metaplasia escamosa, com acúmulo intraluminal de material queratinizado. Metaplasia escamosa da rete ovarii foi relatada anteriormente em vacas, porém este é o primeiro relato em que essa alteração ovariana é compatível com manutenção da ciclicidde ovariana e gestação na vaca.(AU)