Clinical analysis of peroral endoscopic diverticulotomy for the treatment of esophageal epiphrenic diverticulum with esophagogastric junction outflow tract disorder / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination of submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division (STESD) and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for the treatment of esophageal epiphrenic diverticulum with esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow tract disorder.Methods:From October 2017 to August 2021, 6 patients with esophageal epiphrenic diverticulum complicated with EGJ outflow tract disorder receiving combination of STESD and POEM in the Endoscopic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled. The clinical characteristics of the patients were retrospectively analyzed, which included the ratio of male to female, age, course of disease, length of diverticula, location, whether with multiple diverticula, type of EGJ outflow tract disorders, whether the endoscopic technique was successful (the completion of all steps under endoscopy, including tunnel establishment and diverticulum cristae, lower esophageal sphincter and cardia muscularis propria incision); operation time, changes in the severity of clinical symptoms before and after operation (including weight loss, dysphagia, retrosternal pain, and reflux assessed using the Eckardt score), intraoperative and postoperative complications, and follow-up, including whether achieved clinical success (complete or nearly complete improvement of dysphagia, vomiting after eating, retrosternal pain, regurgitation, weight loss, no need for repeat endoscopic intervention during follow-up) and adverse events. Descriptive methods were used for statistical analysis.Results:The male to female ratio of the 6 patients was 3 to 3, the median age was 69.2 years old, and the median disease course was 92.3 months. The median length of the diverticula was 47.5 mm. Diverticulum was located in the right wall of esophagus in 4 cases and in the left wall of esophagus in 2 cases, of which 1 patient was multiple diverticulum of esophagus. Achalasia was found in 5 cases, and EGJ outflow obstruction was found in 1 case. All the 6 patients successfully completed combination of STESD and POEM, and all achieved successful edoscopic technique. The operation time (range) was 55 min (40 to 70 min). Clinical symptom Eckardt score (range) before and after operation was 9.0 (7.0 to 11.0) and 1.3 (1.0 to 2.0), respectively. After operation the clinical symptom improved compared with that before operation. There were no delayed bleeding, perforation, infection, subcutaneous emphysema and other complications and severe adverse events. Six patients were all cured and discharged. Follow-up period was 1 to 50 months. The symptoms of dysphagia, vomiting after eating, retrosternal pain, regurgitation and weight loss were all significantly improved compared with those before operation. There were no severe adverse events and all achieved clinical success.Conclusions:Combination of STESD and POEM is safe and effective in the treatment of esophageal epiphrenic diverticulum with EGJ outflow tract disorder, and has good short-term and long-term effects.

Presentación de dos casos interesantes de divertículos epifrénicos operados por toracoscopia / Presentation of two interesting cases of epiphrenic diverticula operated on by thoracoscopy

El divertículo epifrénico es una enfermedad poco frecuente, pero constituye el 20 por ciento de los divertículos del esófago, y se consideran falsos porque están constituidos, fundamentalmente, por mucosa y submucosa, y se deben a trastornos de la motilidad esofágica e incoordinación del esfínter esofágico inferior. Su localización más frecuente es en los últimos 10 a 12 cm del esófago distal, por lo que muchos lo llaman supra diafragmáticos. Su síntoma fundamental es la disfagia, aunque en ocasiones cursan asintomáticos, sobre todo, los pequeños, y tienen indicaciones quirúrgicas precisas. Se presentan 2 pacientes operados en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía Endoscópica en los meses comprendidos entre noviembre de 2009 y marzo de 2010, con diagnóstico de divertículos esofágicos epifrénicos. Se muestran los complementarios para el diagnóstico, el proceder quirúrgico con la vía utilizada y las complicaciones(AU)

The epiphrenic diverticulum is an uncommon disease, but account for the 20 percent of esophageal diverticula and are considered as falses due to its constitution mainly by mucosa and submucosa and are provoked by esophageal motility disorders and no coordination of lower esophageal sphincter therefore called supradiaphragmatic. Its fundamental symptom is the dysphagia, although occasionally becomes asymptomatic mainly the small ones and have precise surgical prescriptions. Author present two cases operated on the National Center of Endoscopic Surgery during November, 2009 and March, 2010 diagnosed with epiphrenic esophageal diverticula. Complementary analysis for diagnosis, the surgical procedure and the route used as well as the complications are showed(AU)

A Case of Esophageal Achalasia with Epiphrenic Diverticulum / 대한소화관운동학회지

Epiphrenic diverticulum is a relatively rare condition resulting from mucosal herniation through the muscular wall of the esophagus. This pulsion diverticulum is often associated with abnormal esophageal motility such as esophageal achalasia. Although pneumatic dilatation is recommended as the initial treatment for patients with esophageal achalasia, some authors caution against the use of pneumatic dilatation when esophageal achalasia is complicated by epiphrenic diverticulum. A 49-year old female patient was admitted due to progressive dysphagia for both solid and liquid foods, and weight loss and frequent vomiting. She suffered from Heller's myotomy due to esophageal achalasia 8 years prior. She was diagnosed as having recurrent esophageal achalasia with epiphrenic diverticulum due to incomplete myotomy, using esophagography, esophagogastrodudenoscopy, esophageal manometry, and esopahgeal transit scan. The patient was successfully treated with pneumatic balloon dilatation, and her symptoms markedly improved.

A Case of Esophageal Achalasia with Epiphrenic Diverticulum / 대한소화관운동학회지

Epiphrenic diverticulum is a relatively rare condition resulting from mucosal herniation through the muscular wall of the esophagus. This pulsion diverticulum is often associated with abnormal esophageal motility such as esophageal achalasia. Although pneumatic dilatation is recommended as the initial treatment for patients with esophageal achalasia, some authors caution against the use of pneumatic dilatation when esophageal achalasia is complicated by epiphrenic diverticulum. A 49-year old female patient was admitted due to progressive dysphagia for both solid and liquid foods, and weight loss and frequent vomiting. She suffered from Heller's myotomy due to esophageal achalasia 8 years prior. She was diagnosed as having recurrent esophageal achalasia with epiphrenic diverticulum due to incomplete myotomy, using esophagography, esophagogastrodudenoscopy, esophageal manometry, and esopahgeal transit scan. The patient was successfully treated with pneumatic balloon dilatation, and her symptoms markedly improved.