Efficacy, Measurement and Comparison of Biosafety and Biosecurity Courses in mitigating emerging risks of COVID - 19 pandemic

Background: Biosafety & Biosecurity training in COVID - 19 pandemic proved beneficial for lab workers exposed to potentially infectious materials by increasing level of awareness. Essential that they be forewarned to the hazards and risks in working environment for bioh azards; how to save themselves (Biosafety) and safeguard the product (Biosecurity). Methods: Development of table of specification, national level involvement, selection through entry test, custom - made curriculum. Construction of 50 questions, pre - and fi nal post - assessment test ascertaining cognition level on the subject after completion of course. 15 questions for each session were also constructed to evaluate their initial cognition level and post session proficiency. There were eight contact sessions. Each session, pre - and post - assessments to ascertain impact of awareness. Results: Overall result of pre - test assessment of 50 questions was 33.0%, post - test assessment was 90.7%, indicating overall elevation of awareness ( 57.7%). Analysis of results (pre - and post) through a paired t - test yielded highly significant P value of 0.000001 . Likert scale for course and facilitator evaluation by Cronbach’s alpha, showed variables having maximum score > 0.8 , indicating the high results for feedback evaluation. Con clusion: Proper awareness of lab workers is mandatory for Biorisk management in keeping them biosafe which is additional benefit in the wake of pandemic.

Medical-device-related pressure injury on adults: an integrative review / Lesión por presión relacionada a dispositivos médicos en adultos: una revisión integradora / Lesão por pressão relacionada a dispositivo médico em adultos: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors associated with medical-device-related pressure injury. Method: an integrative review of published articles on the subject related to the adult population in the databases of PUBMED, Scopus, MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, LILACS), Web of Science and Nursing Database (Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, BDENF), between 2013 and 2018. Results: medical-device-related pressure injuries were common in adults, especially in the elderly, due to capillary fragility, among other changes. Other observed factors were length of stay, critically ill patients or those requiring any type of medical device. Numerous medical devices have been associated with skin lesions; among the most frequent were breathing, feeding, and orthopedic devices, tubes, oximeters, neck collars, patches and nasogastric tubes. Conclusion: the first step towards prevention is exploration in terms of identifying the types of injury-causing devices and evidence-based interventions, and disseminating information to the entire multidisciplinary team.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar factores asociados con las lesiones por presión relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. Método: revisión integradora de artículos publicados sobre el tema relacionado a la población adultas en las siguientes bases de datos: PUBMED, Scopus, MEDLINE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Web of Science y Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), entre 2013 y 2018. Resultados: las lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos médicos fueron comunes en adultos, principalmente en ancianos, debido a la fragilidad capilar, entre otras alteraciones. También se observaron otros factores como tiempo de permanencia, pacientes críticos o que necesitaban cualquier tipo de dispositivo médico. Se asoció un sinnúmero de dispositivos médicos a las lesiones de piel; entre los más frecuentes se pueden mencionar los dispositivos respiratorios, de alimentación y ortopédicos, los tubos, los oxímetros, los collares cervicales, los adhesivos y las sondas nasogástricas. Conclusión: el primer paso para la prevención es la exploración, en términos de identificar los tipos de dispositivos que causan la lesión y las intervenciones basadas en evidencias científicas, además de divulgar la información a todo el equipo multiprofesional.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à lesão por pressão relacionada a dispositivo médico. Método: revisão integrativa de artigos publicados sobre o tema relacionado à população adulta nas bases de dados da PUBMED, Scopus, MEDLINE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Web of Science e Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), entre 2013 e 2018. Resultados: lesões por pressão relacionadas a dispositivo médico foram comuns em adultos, principalmente em idosos, devido à fragilidade capilar, entre outras alterações. Outros fatores observados foram tempo de permanência, pacientes críticos ou que necessitassem de qualquer tipo de dispositivo médico. Inúmeros dispositivos médicos foram associados às lesões de pele; entre os mais frequentes estiveram dispositivos respiratórios, de alimentação, ortopédicos, tubos, oxímetros, colares cervicais, adesivos e sondas nasogástricas. Conclusão: o primeiro passo para a prevenção é a exploração, em termos de identificação dos tipos de dispositivos que causam a lesão e intervenções baseadas em evidências científicas, além da divulgação das informações para toda a equipe multiprofissional.

Análisis de Cienciometría y Patentometría para Determinar el Panorama de Conocimiento en Tecnologías de Innovación: Dos Equipos de Ultrasonido Terapéuticos / Scientometric and Patentometric Analysis to Determine the Knowledge Landscape in Innovation Technologies: The Therapeutic Ultrasound Equipments

Resumen En este artículo se propone un modelo de información para determinar el panorama de las tecnologías emergentes relacionadas con los equipos de terapia de ultrasonido, el cual permite la identificación de cuatro grandes categorías en el área de la investigación y el desarrollo dentro del campo, utilizando una metodología competitiva que incorpora la evaluación de publicaciones científicas y un análisis de patentes; utilizando distintas bases de datos mediante la agrupación por palabras clave y cronología. Se examinaron las bases de datos de Google Académico, Scopus, Springer, Sage Journals, ScienceDirect y Academic.edu para consultar artículos y publicaciones científicas; se encontraron alrededor de 67,000 artículos de los cuales únicamente 119 cumplen con los criterios de exclusión, en donde se analizó cómo está conformado un equipo de ultrasonido, sus distintas aplicaciones y nuevas tendencias desde un enfoque de interfaz humano computadora. Las bases de datos utilizadas para la recolección de las patentes fueron Patentscope, Google Patents, e Invenes, así como las bases de WIPO y USPTO; en las cuales se encontraron alrededor 421 patentes con relación a los equipos de ultrasonido, los países en los que se registró la patente y la forma en la que la clasifican. Finalmente, sólo 16 patentes cumplen con los criterios de exclusión. Los resultados indican que Estados Unidos es la nación con más difusión tanto en la publicación de artículos como en patentes.

Abstract This paper proposes an information model to determine the panorama of emerging technologies related to ultrasound equipment, which allows the identification of four main categories of research and development within the field, using a competitive methodology that incorporates the evaluation of scientific publications and a patent analysis; by using different databases by keywords clustering and years relevance. Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer, Sage Journals, ScienceDirect and Academic.edu databases were examined to consult articles and scientific publications; about 67,000 articles were found, of which only 119 met the exclusion criteria, the different parts of an ultrasound equipment, its different applications and new trends were analysed. The databases of Patentscope, Google Patents, and Invenes, as well as the bases of WIPO and USPTO were used for the recollection of patents; in which about 421 patents were found in relation to ultrasound equipment, the country in which the patent was registered and the way it is classified. Finally, only 16 patents meet the exclusion criteria. The results show USA as the country with the most diffusion rate in publishing articles and patents.

Assessment of cold chain equipments and their management in government health facilities in a District of Delhi: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Background: Cold chain equipments (CCEs) at health facilities (HFs) are an essential part of the immunization supply chain (ISC). The CCEs in government HFs of Delhi were never assessed using the World Health Organization-United Nations Children's Fund (WHO-UNICEF) Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) tool except that of state vaccine store during National EVM assessment 2013. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the CCEs and their management in government HFs using the WHO-UNICEF EVM tool in a district of Delhi. Methods: The assessment was done during December 2017朚arch 2018 in one randomly selected district of Delhi. Sample size and site selection were done using the WHO EVM site selection tool. A total of 29 HFs were assessed along with District Vaccine Store. Questions on CCEs in EVM tool 1.0.9 were used for data collection. Results: Out of 56 electrical CCEs, 8.9% were nonfunctional, 48.2% were noncompliant with WHO standards, 5.4% were not chlorofluorocarbon free, 4.7% did not have temperature monitoring device, and 18.8% did not have stabilizer. Eighty-six percent of passive containers were compliant with the WHO standards. The storage capacity of electrical vaccine storage equipment was insufficient in 3.4%, passive container capacity in 65.5%, and ice packs preparation and storage capacity in 24.1% of HFs. There was no planned preventive maintenance of CCEs and no standard operating procedures for emergency event management. Conclusion: There was a shortage of vaccine storage, ice packs preparation and storage, and passive container capacity. Many CCEs used in ISC of assessed sites were noncompliant to the WHO standards. There was no PPM of CCEs and no guidelines for emergency event management.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding work related hazards among salt workers in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu

Background: The salt pan workers are exposed to severe health hazards like extreme heat, intense manual labour, direct contact with salt, sunlight glare from salt crystals. This paper describes their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding their work related hazards as well as availability and use of personal protective equipments (PPEs).Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in 4 randomly selected villages among the 10 salt worker villages in Marakkanam, Tamil Nadu. A house to house survey of the selected villages enrolled 331 salt workers. The data was collected using a pre designed and pre tested questionnaire.Results: Majority of salt worker (78.5%) reported of being aware of one or more hazards like physical stress (70.7%), direct sunlight (38.7%) and glare from salt crystals (16%) in salt work that resulted in musculoskeletal problems, ophthalmic problems, headache and giddiness. 87% of the salt workers were aware of one or the other personal protective equipments. However, only less than 10% were using the conventional PPEs. The reasons for not using PPE were mainly inconvenience in using and PPE not provided by the employer.Conclusions: Most of the study population is aware of the hazards as well as one or the other methods of protective equipment but actual use of PPE is very low because of non-availability and perception of inconvenience in using them. There is a large gap between awareness and practice regarding PPE usage among these salt workers.

Assessment of work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipment’s among stone quarry workers: a cross sectional study in Central India

Background: It is estimated that exposures in the workplace account for around one in ten cases respiratory morbidities in adulthood. Being a respiratory ailment, this group of disorders impairs the pulmonary functions. The objective of the study was to assess the work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipments among stone quarry workers in Wardha district in Maharashtra. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 348 subjects working in the stone quarries situated in Yelakeli, Deoli, Paloti, Pulgaon, Borgaon, Nachangaon in Wardha district in Maharashtra. Results: 114 (32.75%) of the people reportedly had respiratory problems, body ache was reported by 154 (44.2%), eye problem was reported by 66 (18.9%), fever was told by 13 people (3.7%), other problems (like hearing related, skin, GIT etc) reported were 14 (4.02%). Chi-square test was found to be non-significant. Conclusions: None of the workers had undergone pre-placement examination. Personal protective measures are rarely used by stone quarry workers

Application Status and Development Trends of Medical Proton and Heavy Ion Accelerators / 中国医疗器械杂志

Cancer therapy with accelerated proton or heavy ion beam is the most advanced radiotherapy technology, which is recognized by the international community at present. It is of great practical significance to study the medical proton and heavy ion accelerators and the radiotherapy technology, in order to promote the development of the advanced medical radiotherapy equipments and improve the quality of life of cancer patients in China. After a brief overview of cancer therapy with proton and heavy ion beam, this paper summarized and analyzed the application status of medical proton accelerators and medical heavy ion accelerators at home and abroad, and finally put forward the future development trends of medical proton and heavy ion accelerators and the radiotherapy technology, it can provide a reference for the progress and development strategies of the advanced radiotherapy equipments in China.

Maintenance decision making of medical equipment based on reliability bathtub curve / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To analyze the current medical equipment maintenance management model and the existing problems.Methods According to the law of reliability bathtub curve,the maintenance decision of medical equipments was analyzed from the three failure period stages,including early failure period,accidental failure period and loss failure period.By taking breathing machines as an example,a maintenance decision analysis during accidental failures was conducted.Results Medical equipment problems are caused by a variety of reasons,including operational problem,technical problem and management problem.The operational problem is caused by maintenance delays,lack of maintenance,and non-standard operations.The technical problem was caused by a wide variety of medical equipment and complex maintenance manuals.The management problem was caused by lacking of scientific management in equipment maintenance and updates.Conclusions For different stages of medical equipment,the impact factors are different and different maintenance strategies should be selected.

Core metadata of maintenance support information in IETM of medical equipments / 中华医学图书情报杂志

A core metadata system of maintenance support information in IETM of military medical equipments was constructed according to the characteristics of maintenance support information in IETM of military medical equipments,DC metadata and S1000D specifications,which can retrieve,manage and use the maintenance support information in IETM of military medical equipments and share the data in heterogeneous systems,thus laying a foundation for establishing the IETM of military medical equipments.

Development of a real-time monitoring platform for medical equipments using multi-mode data acquisition / 中华医院管理杂志

The authors described the architecture of a real-time platform designed to monitor medical equipments.Three types of data collectors were employed to collect information into the background servers for real-time analysis and presentation.Such a platform can effectively enable the hospital to manage its medical equipments, for their positioning, assets management and risk control.

Métodos qualitativos e quantitativos de avaliação do alinhamento postural / Qualitative and quantitative methods of postural assessment

Introduction: Postural alignment has been studied by health professionals over the years. Due to technological advances, the use of quantitative methods for postural evaluation became more common in clinical practice. Objectives: To present different methods of postural assessment used by health professionals in the last decade. Methods: A literature review in the databases Lilacs, Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane and CAPES from 2000 to 2012 was made, in English, Spanish and Portuguese languages, and the following descriptors were used: posture, evaluation, motor activity, equipment, supplies, avaliación, actividad motora, equipos e suministros. Results: We found 33 papers published in refereed journals, however, only 25 references used qualitative or quantitative instruments for postural evaluation. Conclusion: In the past few years the use of softwares for quantitative postural assessment has been frequently adopted in clinical practice, in addition to the qualitative method. The adoption of these technological tools will allow health professionals to develop more accurate evaluations to determine the magnitude of postural changes. (AU)

Introdução: O alinhamento postural tem sido objeto de estudo de profissionais da saúde ao longo dos anos. Graças aos avanços tecnológicos, o uso de métodos quantitativos para avaliação da postura tem se tornado mais frequente na prática clínica.Objetivos: Apresentar os diferentes métodos de avaliação postural adotados por profissionais da saúde na última década. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura de artigos nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane e CAPES, no período entre 2000 e 2012, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: postura, avaliação, atividade motora, equipamentos, provisões, posture, evaluation, motor activity, equipment, suplies, avaliación, actividad motora, equipos e suministros. Resultados: Foram encontrados 33 artigos científicos publicados em revistas indexadas, porém somente 25 referências utilizaram instrumentos qualitativos ou quantitativos de avaliação postural. Conclusão: Nos últimos anos o uso de softwares para realização de avaliação postural quantitativa tem se mostrado cada vez mais frequente na prática clínica, como complemento ao método qualitativo. A adoção dessas ferramentas tecnológicas permitirá ao profissional da saúde desenvolver avaliações mais acuradas e determinar a magnitude das alterações posturais. (AU)

Análise de coliformes totais e termotolerantes em açougues da região do Vale dos Sinos ­ RS / Analysis of total and fecal coliforms in butcher from Vale dos Sinos region - RS

Para um alimento chegar com segurança à mesa do consumidor, exigem- -se cuidados especiais em relação à contaminação por micro-organismos durante toda produção e comercialização do produto. Diante destes cuidados, o presente trabalho avaliou as condições microbiológicas dos manipuladores de alimentos, bem como, das bancadas e serras de corte de carnes, de açougues da região do Vale dos Sinos-RS, em três períodos do dia. As amostras foram coletadas por meio de swab estéreis que, em seguida, foram imersos em 15mL de água peptonada 0,1%. Para realizar a análise de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foi utilizada a metodologia de número mais provável (MNP). Os três açougues analisados demonstraram condições higienicossanitárias insatisfatórias em algum momento do dia e apenas um dos manipuladores que participou do estudo apresentou coliformes termotolerantes na mão, o que vem a comprometer a qualidade do alimento comercializado.

Oncology Nurses' Knowledge of Safety Guidelines and Compliance with Safe Handling of Antineoplastic Agents in a Tertiary Hospitall

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and compliance of guidelines for safe handling of antineoplastic agents among the oncology nurses. METHODS: The participants were 186 nurses from oncology-hematology unit, and outpatient's infusion room in a tertiary hospital. The levels of knowledge of safety guidelines and compliance with safe handling of antineoplastic agents of oncology nurses were measured using structured questionnaires from October 1 to November 30, 2014. RESULTS: Oncology nurses' knowledge of guideline for safe handling of antineoplastic agents presented an average 79.7 out of 100 points. Compliance with safe handling of antineoplastic agents presented an average 4.28 (range: 2.9~5) out of 5 points. The knowledge of guidelines for safe handling of antineoplastic agents was related with oncology experience (F=3.78, p=.012). There were positive relationships of knowledge and compliance with safe handling of antineoplastic agents (r=0.23, p=.002). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that there was a need to establish efficient guidelines for the safe handling of antineoplastic agents and develop our structured, continuous educational program for the improvement of safe practices related to the handling of antineoplastic agents. The developed and enhanced that guideline and educational program would contribute to improvement of staff and patient safety related to the handling of antineoplastic agents.

Research on medical equipments qualification auditing / 中国医学装备

Objective:Based on the laws about medical equipments industry to analyze the basis, key points and methods of medical equipments qualification auditing.Methods: According to the present the qualification documents requirements, medical equipment category were divided into 3 types (categoryⅠ, categoryⅡand categoryⅢ)by risk degree with decreasing order. The qualification and key point of disinfection supplies and each kind of equipment (including in vitro diagnostic reagents) were explained.Results: The main work of medical equipments qualification auditing were confirmed.Conclusion: It is important way to guarantee the safety of clinical diagnosis and treatment through we strengthen the auditing of medical equipments and the qualification documents of suppliers.

Research on qualitative detection methods in medical equipment safety and quality control / 中国医学装备

Objective:To complete the medical equipment''s quality control on the premise of the lack of professional testing equipment.Methods: According to the working principle of instrument, to come up with corresponding simple and effective way to carry on the daily quality inspection, and make a qualitative conclusion that whether the instrument is qualified.Results:Effectively to ensure the safety and quality of medical equipment, medical equipment each year the average measurement test pass rate above 95% (bureau of quality and technical supervision measurement test results per year); perfectness ratio is around 98%.Conclusion: In the case of lack of professional testing equipment, through the integrated use of various effective means, can do the qualitative check that whether the performance of all sorts of equipment is qualified , achieve the goal of quality control.

Estetoscópio: instrumento de diagnóstico e de propagação microbiana? / The stethoscope: is it an instrument for diagnosis orfor microbial dissemination?

O presente artigo teve por objetivo conhecer o potencial de contaminação e disseminação de estetoscópios para infecções relacionadas a serviços de saúde à luz da literatura. A fonte de busca foi a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, realizado no mês de fevereiro de 2015, referente aos anos de 2004 a 2014. Utilizou-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: teses e periódicos escritos em língua inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa e acessados em texto completo sobre o tema. Foram incluídos nessa revisão 14 artigos. A presença de contaminação e a possível disseminação de micro-organismos pelos estetoscópios foi descrita por todos os estudos analisados. Dessa forma, foi possível identificar que o tema merece maior atenção, já que os estetoscópios podem atuar como vetores para as infecções nosocomiais.

The contamination and dissemination capacity of infections by stethoscopes reported in the literature is analyzed. The Virtual Health Library and databases of Medline, Lilacs and SciELO were used during February 2015 for the 2004 ­ 2014 period. The following inclusion criteria were employed: theses and journals in English, Spanish and Portuguese accessed in full text online. Fourteen articles were included where contamination and possible dissemination of microorganisms by stethoscopes were described. The theme requires deeper attention since stethoscopes may be vectors of hospital infections.

Espaços e equipamentos de lazer da Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz e suas formas de apropriação / Spaces and equipments of Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz: their forms of appropriation in leisure time/space / Espacios y equipamientos de la Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz: sus formas de apropiación en el tiempo/espacio de ocio

ResumoEsta pesquisa foi feita na Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz, na cidade de Curitiba-PR. A intenção foi compreender a relação entre o processo de concepção e planejamento dos espaços e equipamentos, a apropriação desses ambientes e as possibilidades de experiências no âmbito do lazer. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram aplicação de protocolos, observações, entrevistas e análise interpretativa, com o uso da triangulação de dados. Como resultado foi possível perceber que o cotidiano é compartilhado por regras formuladas e reformuladas por lideranças comunitárias locais, as quais possibilitam, por meio da solidariedade existente nessas praças, experiências significativas a partir de práticas corporais diversificadas.

AbstractThis research was conducted at Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz, in Curitiba-PR, the intention was to understand the relations among the conception and planning process of the spaces and equipments, the appropriation of those environments and the possibilities of experiences in the leisure scope. The methodological procedures were applied the data triangulation technique, implementation of protocols, observations, interviews, and interpretive analysis. As a result it was possible to realize that daily basis is shared by rules formulated and reformulated by local community leaders, which make it possible, through the solidarity existing in these squares, significant experiences from diverse bodily practices.

ResumenEsta investigación fue realizada en la Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz, en la ciudad de Curitiba-PR, la intención era comprender la relación existente entre el proceso de concepción y planeamiento de los espacios y equipamientos, la apropiación de esos ambientes y las posibilidades de experiencia en el ámbito de ocio. Los procedimientos metodológicos fueron aplicación de protocolos, observaciones, entrevistas y análisis interpretativo, utilizándose la triangulación de datos. Como resultado fue posible percibir que el cotidiano es compartido por reglas formuladas y reformuladas por los líderes locales de la comunidad, que permiten, por medio de la solidaridad existente en las plazas, experiencias significativas de diversas prácticas corporales.

Recovery of drug residues in equipment and utensils used by compounding pharmacies after standard cleaning procedure / Recuperação de resíduos de drogas em equipamentos e utensílios utilizados por farmácias de manipulação após o procedimento de limpeza padrão

Compounding pharmacies have been cited by some athletes as being responsible for compounding capsules contaminated with drugs banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Therefore, the present study was carried out to quantify the amount of residue remaining in the equipment and utensils used for compounding capsules after standard cleaning procedures. For this purpose, captopril (CAP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were used since these are hard to clean, in addition to hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) as a banned drug by the IOC. The amounts of residues found in the equipment were: 181.0 ± 91.8, 1208 ± 483.8 and 431.7 ± 71.3 ppm for ASA, CAP and HTZ, respectively. The continuous compounding of these drugs, followed each time by the standard cleaning procedure, showed a linear accumulation of residues for ASA (r²=0.96) and CAP (r²= 0.88). The residues quantified were greater than the FDA limit for impurities for CAP (>0.1%) but not for HTZ. However, the HTZ residue may be detected in the urine of athletes on IOC tests. Therefore, it was concluded that compounding pharmacies should therefore improve their cleaning procedures and test these in order to attain limits below 10 ppm, thereby avoiding the contamination of other products...

As farmácias de manipulação têm sido citadas por alguns atletas como sendo responsáveis pela manipulação de cápsulas contaminadas com fármacos proibidos pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI). Portanto, o presente estudo foi realizado para quantificar o montante de resíduo remanescente nos equipamentos e utensílios usados para manipular cápsulas após o procedimento padrão de limpeza. Para este propósito, o captopril (CAP) e o ácido acetilsalicílico (ASA) foram usados por serem fármacos de difícil remoção e a hidroclorotiazida (HTZ), por ser um fármaco proibido pelo COI. As quantidades de resíduos encontradas nos equipamentos após a limpeza foram 181,0 ± 91,8, 1208 ± 483,8 e 431,7 ± 71,3 ppm para ASA, CAP e HTZ, respectivamente. A manipulação contínua dos fármacos seguida pelo procedimento de limpeza mostrou acúmulo de resíduo linear para ASA (r²=0,96) e CAP (r²=0,88). A quantidade de resíduo de CAP foi maior que o limite de impureza sugerido pelo FDA (>0,1%), mas não para HTZ, mas mesmo assim, o resíduo de HTZ pode ser detectado na urina dos atletas submetidos aos testes do COI. Em conclusão, as farmácias de manipulação deveriam, portanto, melhorar o procedimentos de limpeza e testá-los para que alcancem limites abaixo de 10 ppm para evitar contaminação nos outros produtos...

APPLICATION OF PDA EQUIPMENTS ON WORK FLOW OPTIMIZATION OF INTRAVE-NOUS TRANSFUSION FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS / 现代医院

Objective To explore the safety problems of elderly patients'intravenous transfusion and im-prove transfusion safety .Methods PDA technology was introduced to optimize the work flow of transfusion room and to keep improving transfusion work which would benefit elderly patients 'transfusion safety .Results After applying PDA to optimize workflow , the numbers of faulty events of intravenous transfusion decreased , and there is statistically significant difference comparing to pre -PDA period (p<0.05).Patients'waiting time has been shortened and there is statistically significant difference comparing to pre -PDA period (p<0.01).Patients'satisfaction rate increased. Conclusion The application of PDA equipments effectively improves the working speed of transfusion room , and the workflow optimization method guarantees the safety of elderly patients'intravenous transfusion safety and improves pa-tients'satisfaction rate .

Practice and investigation of equipments online bidding in research institutions / 中国医学装备

Objective:To evaluate online bidding of equipments in research institutions.Methods: To analysis and practice the new online bidding procedure of central government procurement center.Results: Through the practice, discussed problems, proposed the measures of application. Conclusion:The online bidding’s advantages are obvious. This way will improve the quality of equipments and promote the procurement efficiency.