Quantitative analysis of differences in blood flow parameters in the macular area of healthy people of different ethnic groups in Xinjiang by OCTA / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To measure the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)vessel density(VD), deep capillary plexus(DCP)VD, and the area, circumference, and roundness index of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in healthy individuals of four ethnic groups, namely, Uyghur, Han, Kazakh, and Hui by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), and to investigate the differences of blood flow parameters in macular area of healthy individuals among different ethnic groups in China.METHODS: A total of 80 cases(80 eyes)of healthy subjects if each of the four ethnic groups who went to the Eye Center of the Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazak autonomous Prefecture from December 2022 to March 2023 and met the criteria were selected for the study, with 320 eyes totally. The patients were grouped and numbered according to their ethnicity, and the spherical equivalent and axial length were obtained by using an autorefractor and IOL Master. The blood flow images of the macular area in the range of 3 mm×3 mm were obtained by using a DRI Triton OCT detector, and the images were analyzed by using the built-in IMAGENET6 software to obtain the blood flow parameters. Furthermore, the differences in the blood flow parameters between different ethnic groups as well as the effects of gender, age, and axial length on macular blood flow parameters of different ethnic groups were compared.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, axial length, diopter, and image quality(IQ)among the four groups of subjects(all P>0.05). Ethnic differences: in SCP, Uyghur inferior VD is higher than Kazakh, Hui inferior VD is higher than Han and Kazakh, Han and Hui nasal VD is higher than Uyghur, Kazakh foveal VD is higher than Han and Hui, Kazakh FAZ area is smaller than the other 3 ethnic groups, Han and Hui FAZ perimeter is larger than Kazakh, and Hui FAZ circularity index is lower than the other 3 ethnic groups; in DCP, Uyghur foveal VD is higher than Han and Hui, Kazakh foveal VD is higher than Han and Hui, Kazakh FAZ area and perimeter are smaller than the other 3 ethnic groups and Kazakh FAZ circularity index is higher than the other 3 ethnic groups(all P<0.05). Sex differences: in SCP, FAZ area and perimeter of Han females were larger than those of males, and FAZ circularity index of Hui females was higher than that of males(all P<0.05); in DCP, parafoveal VD and whole VD in females of all four ethnic groups were higher than those of males(all P<0.05). Age correlation: in SCP, age was negatively correlated with the FAZ circularity index of Kazakh; in DCP, age was negatively correlated with the parafoveal and the whole VD of Han, Kazakh, and Hui(all P<0.05). Axial length correlation: in SCP, the axial length was negatively correlated with Kazakh and Hui foveal VD, Hui parafoveal VD, Uyghur, Kazakh and Hui whole VD, and positively correlated with Kazakh FAZ area and perimeter; in DCP, the axial length was negatively correlated with Uyghur, Kazakh, Hui foveal VD, Hui whole VD, and positively correlated with Kazakh and Hui FAZ area and perimeter(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:There were differences in macular blood flow parameters among the Uyghur, Han, Kazakh, and Hui populations, with the area and perimeter of the FAZ of the Kazakh significantly smaller than those of the other three ethnic groups. Gender, age, and axial length are also related to macular blood flow parameters.

Feasibility and ethnic differences of 0.005% atropine eye drops combined with orthokeratology in controlling low myopia in adolescents / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the effectiveness, safety and ethnic differences of 0.005% atropine eye drops combined with orthokeratology in controlling adolescents' low myopia between different ethnic groups.METHODS:A total of 246 Han and Hani patients(246 eyes)with low myopia treated in our hospital from January to October 2021 were selected, with 120 patients(120 eyes)treated with 0.005% atropine eye drops combined with orthokeratology in experimental group, and 126 patients(126 eyes)treated with orthokeratology in control group. The uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL), intraocular pressure, tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal curvature and corneal thickness of the two groups before and 1 a after wearing lenses were observed, and the incidence of complications were recorded.RESULTS:At 1 a after wearing lenses, the changes of AL and SE in the experimental group(0.16±0.35 mm, -0.39±0.47 D)were lower than those in the control group(0.22±0.89 mm, -0.48±0.54 D), uncorrected visual acuity(LogMAR)was better than the control group(0.11±0.25 vs 0.14±0.19; P<0.05), there were differences in BUT, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature and corneal thickness(P<0.05), but there were no differences in intraocular pressure of the two groups(P>0.05). In the Han and Hani groups, there were no differences in the changes of uncorrected visual acuity, AL and SE(P>0.05). During the follow-up period, no significant local or systemic adverse reactions occurred in the two groups, and there was no difference in the incidence of ocular complications between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The 0.005% atropine eye drops combined with orthokeratology can effectively delay the progression of low myopia in adolescents without significant adverse reactions and ethnic differences.

Iniquidade racial na mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero no Brasil: estudo de séries temporais de 2002 a 2021 / Racial iniquity in mortality from cervical cancer in Brazil: a time trend study from 2002 to 2021

Resumo O objetivo desse artigo é analisar séries temporais da mortalidade por câncer de colo do útero segundo raça/cor no Brasil de 2002 a 2021. Estudo ecológico de séries temporais com dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e informações populacionais do IBGE. Variações anuais das taxas de mortalidade ajustadas por idade de mulheres de 20 anos ou mais foram estimadas pelo modelo de regressão linear simples com correção de Prais-Winsten. Foram registrados 133.429 óbitos por câncer de colo de útero, destes, 51,2% foram de mulheres negras. As mulheres negras morrem mais e têm menor queda do coeficiente. Houve aumento da desigualdade racial ao longo dos anos. Em 2002, ocorriam 0,08 óbitos/100 mil mulheres a mais na população negra comparada com a população branca; em 2021 esse número é de aproximadamente 1 óbito. Para a elaboração de políticas de saúde da mulher devem ser consideradas as diferenças raciais na implementação de estratégias e metas.

Abstract This ecological study examined time series, from 2002 to 20121, of age-adjusted coefficients of cervical cancer mortality, in Brazil, in women aged 20 years or more, by race. The information sources were Brazil's mortality information system (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade - SIM) and the official bureau of statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE). Annual changes in age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated using the Prais-Winsten linear regression method. Black women die more and the rate is decreasing less. Racial inequality has increased over the years. In 2002, there were 0.08 more deaths per 100,000 women in the black population than among white women; in 2021, the number was one death. Health policymaking should consider racial differences in the implementation of strategies and goals.

Itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Therapeutic itineraries of quilombola women in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo Os quilombolas são grupos étnico-raciais de ancestralidade negra e tiveram seus territórios consolidados no Brasil em regiões com acesso difícil e distante dos grandes centros. O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer o itinerário terapêutico (IT) adotado por mulheres quilombolas em comunidades tradicionais localizadas no norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa com o modelo teórico utilizando o sistema de cuidados à saúde de Arthur Kleinman. O estudo se deu em 23 comunidades quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram entrevistadas 40 mulheres quilombolas, com idades entre 25 e 89 anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os IT. Emergiram unidades de análise que foram agrupadas em três categorias: as mulheres quilombolas e o significado da saúde e do cuidado; o sistema de cuidado profissional nas comunidades quilombolas; e itinerário de cuidados nas situações vivenciadas pelas mulheres. O itinerário terapêutico das comunidades se mostra relacionado principalmente às ações de medicina popular. Foi possível observar ainda que existem fragilidades em relação à atenção à saúde devido a fatores como dificuldade de acesso aos serviços institucionalizados.

Abstract Quilombolas are ethnic-racial groups, of black ancestry, and had their territories consolidated in Brazil in regions with difficult access and far from large centers. The objective of this study is to know the therapeutic itinerary (IT) adopted by quilombola women in traditional communities located in the North of the state of Minas Gerais. This is a qualitative study with the theoretical model using the Arthur Kleinman health care system. The study scenario was 23 quilombola communities in northern Minas Gerais. Forty quilombola women aged between 25 and 89 years were interviewed. Data analysis was performed following the IT. Units of analysis emerged that were grouped into three categories: quilombola women and the meaning of health and care; the professional care system in quilombola communities; and route of care in situations experienced by women. The therapeutic itinerary of the communities is mainly related to the actions of popular medicine. It was also possible to observe that there are weaknesses in relation to health care due to factors such as difficulty of access to institutionalized services.

Associação entre iniquidades raciais e condição de saúde bucal: revisão sistemática / Association between racial iniquities and oral health status: a systematic review

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a associação entre iniquidades raciais e condição de saúde bucal. Trata-se de revisão sistemática com protocolo cadastrado na plataforma prospero (CRD42021228417), com buscas realizadas em bases de dados eletrônicas e na literatura cinzenta. Identificou-se 3.028 publicações e após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade e análise do risco de vieses, 18 estudos foram selecionados. Os resultados indicam que indivíduos de raça/cor da pele preta/parda apresentam condições de saúde bucal desfavorável, representada principalmente pela autoavaliação de saúde bucal, perda dentária, cárie e periodontite. Os resultados evidenciaram iniquidades raciais em saúde bucal em diferentes países, para todos os indicadores analisados, com maior vulnerabilidade da população negra.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the association between racial iniquities and oral health status. This is a systematic review with a protocol registered on the Prospero Platform (CRD42021228417), with searches carried out in electronic databases and in gray literature. Our study identified 3,028 publications. After applying the eligibility criteria and risk of bias analysis, 18 studies were selected. The results indicate that individuals of black/brown race/skin color have unfavorable oral health conditions, mainly represented by self-rated oral health, tooth loss, caries, and periodontitis. The results showed racial iniquities in oral health in different countries, for all analyzed indicators, with a greater vulnerability of the black population.

Estado nutricional autopercibido y riesgo cardiovascular en grupos étnicos de adultos de La Guajira colombiana

Objetivo: Determinar la autopercepción del estado nutricional y el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) de los grupos étnicos de La Guajira colombiana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en 233 individuos adultos de zonas urbanas en tres municipios de La Guajira. Se evaluó la autopercepción del estado nutricional, la intención de realizar actividad física (AF), estado nutricional, calculando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el riesgo cardiovascular a través del índice cintura-cadera [Ci/Ca]), estas se relacionaron con el grupo étnico (afrocolombiano, indígena y no étnico) y el estrato socioeconómico (1, 2 y >3). Se calcularon Odd Ratios (OR) para determinar la relación entre el RCV y el resto de las variables. Resultados: El 56,7 % de la muestra fueron mujeres, un 38,2 % afrocolombianos, un 32,2 % conformado por población indígena. El 65,2 % no contemplaba realizar AF y el 58,4 % presentó una autopercepción de su estado nutricional normal. Se encontró además que solo un 39,5 % presentó un IMC normal; un 48,5 % presentó un alto RCV. Se observó un alto RCV en mujeres afro-colombianas (OR= 3,22; IC 95 % 1,3-7,8) e indígenas (OR= 4,35; IC 95 % 1,7-10,9) en comparación con mujeres no étnicas (OR= 1, condición de referencia); así mismo, un mayor RCV en mujeres y hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de RCV en la población de La Guajira, especialmente en las mujeres afrocolombianas e indígenas, siendo el IMC un indicador asociado al RCV en ellas.

Objective: To determine the self-perception of nutritional status and cardiovascular risk (CVR) of ethnic groups in La Guajira, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive-cross-sectional study in 233 adult individuals from urban areas in three municipalities of La Guajira. Self-perception of nutritional status, intention to engage in physical activity (PA), nutritional status, calculating body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular risk through waist-hip index [Ci/Ca]) were evaluated, these were related to ethnic group (Afro-Colombian, indigenous and non-ethnic) and socioeconomic stratum (1, 2 and >3). Odd Ratios (OR) were calculated to determine the relationship between CVR and the rest of the variables. Results: 56.7% of the sample were women, 38.2% were Afro-Colombian, 32.2% were indigenous population. 65.2 % did not consider doing PA and 58.4 % presented a self-perception of their nutritional status as normal. It was also found that only 39.5 % had a normal BMI; 48.5 % had a high CVR. A high CVR was observed in Afro-Colombian (OR= 3.22; 95 % CI 1.3-7.8) and indigenous women (OR= 4.35; 95 % CI 1.7-10.9) compared to non-ethnic women (OR= 1, reference condition); likewise, a higher CVR in overweight and obese women and men (p < 0.05). Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of CVR in the population of La Guajira, especially in Afro-Colombian and indigenous women, with BMI being an indicator associated with CVR in them.

Quality of life in older adults according to race/color: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Increased longevity is accompanied by new social and health demands, such as the race/color social construct, indicating the need to identify the specific needs of older adults to maintain and improve their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the direct and indirect associations of demographic, economic, and biopsychosocial characteristics with self-assessed quality of life in older adults according to race/color. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included 941 older adults living in the urban area of a health microregion in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Older adults were divided into three groups: white (n = 585), brown (n = 238), and black (n = 102) race/color. Descriptive and trajectory analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the three groups, worse self-assessed quality of life was directly associated with lower social support scores and greater numbers of depressive symptoms. Worse self-assessed quality of life was also directly associated with a higher number of functional disabilities in basic activities of daily living and the absence of a partner among older adults of brown and black race/color. Lower monthly income and higher numbers of morbidities and compromised components of the frailty phenotype were observed among participants of white race/color, as well as lower levels of education in the brown race/color group. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with poorer self-assessed quality of life among older adults in the study community differed according to race/color.

HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF WOMEN & CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS AMONG THARU ETHNIC COMMUNITY IN TRIYUGA MUNICIPALITY, NEPAL

Background: Under 5yrs mortality rates among male child is 30 and among female is 26 and overall infant mortality rate 24 per thousand respectively; these are the most vulnerable groups to different morbidity and mortality, and they ought to be fully dependent on parental knowledge and awareness to meet their health needs. Health seeking behavior (HSB) has become a tool for understanding the approach of people towards the health care systems in their respective socio-economic, cultural and demographic circumstances. A Community based Methods: descriptive study among “Tharu” ethnic women with children less than ?ve years of age in Triyuga Municipality, Nepal. Semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information,, knowledge and current practice regarding health seeking behavior, including awareness and accessibility of health services. Among 406 respondents, 388 of Results: their children were reported ill within last 1 year, with fever accounting for 70%, followed by ARI (65%), diarrhea (6%) and others. Where 52.8% of respondents had appropriate HSB, taking their ill children to hospitals. More than 52% of respondents had hospitals as the ?rst preference for treatment for every morbidity. Except for access to health care facility, there was no signi?cant association of HSB was seen with parent's literacy,income, gender preference. With satisfactory Conclusion: awareness, literacy, and accessibility of health care centers, the HSB among tharu women, for the children morbidity seemed to be satisfactory in comparison to national scenario and other marginalized groups

Technical points of human use experience of ethnic medicine / 中国中药杂志

Ethnic medicine has a rich history of application. Because of the large number of ethnic groups, wide geographical distribution, and unique medical systems in China, the research on the human use experience(HUE) of ethnic medicine should combine the characteristics of ethnic medicine, be based on practical experience, and respect folk practice and tradition. The clinical positioning of ethnic medicine should consider three factors, i.e., population region, dominant diseases, and clinical demand. We should consider the development of traditional preparations that meet the needs of ethnic regions and encourage the development of new drugs that can be popularized and used nationwide for the dominant diseases of ethnic medicines. Attention should be paid to the problems such as a large number of customary articles or substitutes of ethnic medicinal materials, the phenomena of foreign bodies with the same name and different names for the same substance, the different standards of medicinal materials, and the poor processing standards. The name, processing method, source, medicinal parts, and dosage of ethnic medicinal materials or decoction pieces should be determined, and resources should be carefully evaluated to ensure the safety of medicinal resources and ecology. The preparation of ethnic medicine is mostly in the form of pills, powder, ointment, etc., with simple processing technology. The problems of low-quality stan-dards of some preparations, different prescriptions with the same name, and inconsistent processing technology should be overcome, and the process route and main process parameters should be clarified to lay the foundation for the subsequent empirical research on HUE. In the collection and analysis of the HUE data of ethnic medicine, the core guiding ideology of "patient-centered" should be established, and the experience data of patients should be collected. The problems of weak links existing in the inheritance of ethnic medicine should be solved, and flexible and diverse methods should be adopted. Meanwhile, on the premise of complying with the requirements of the principles of medical ethics, we should respect the religion, culture, and customs of ethnic areas to obtain the key HUE information of ethnic medicine. On the basis of the patient preference information and differences in regional disease epidemiology, population characteristics, and medical practice, whether the HUE conclusions of ethnic medicine can be extrapolated to patients outside the region is evaluated from the aspects of clinical benefits, risk tolerance, risk acceptance, etc. The HUE research on ethnic medicine is carried out in a clear way to guide the research and development of new ethnic medicines.

Formulation of expert consensus on clinical application of external ethnic medicine: taking Baimai Ointment as an example / 中国中药杂志

The concept of ethnic medicine is divided into a broad sense and a narrow sense. The broad concept refers to the traditional medicine of the Chinese nation, and the narrow concept refers to the traditional medicine of Chinese ethnic minorities. The external medicine is one of the main forms of ethnic medicine, and it is also the important content of ethnic medicine for external use, which is widely used in clinical practice. As the theory of ethnic medicine is unique, the application methods have certain characteristics, which are the key technical parts of clinical practice. However, the existing traditional Chinese medicine consensus formulation me-thods cannot meet the needs of the consensus formulation of the external ethnic medicine. Therefore, the methods suitable for expert consensus on external ethnic medicine are required. This article took Expert opinion on clinical application of Baimai Ointment as an exa-mple, and explorde a reasonable, effective, multi-dimensional, and multi-stage method to formulate expert consensus on the external ethnic medicine. In this research, three-dimensional sources of information, including ancient classics, clinical research evidence, and expert application experiences, were systematically and scientifically collected. After organization and analysis, the information was formed into comprehensive evidence. In a formal consensus meeting, part of the recommendations reached consensus. As to the issues that did not reach agreement, in-depth interviews were used to explore the reasons for the differences and resolve the disagreements. Finally, unanimous recommendations were reached. There are common problems during the formulation process of Expert opinion on clinical application of Baimai Ointment. This study is expected to provide references for the formulation of expert consensus on other external ethnic medicine.

Prevalence of anemia among primary school students from Kazakh ethnic groups in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors among primary school students from Kazakh ethnic groups in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into improvements of nutrition and prevention of anemia among students.@*Methods@#Grade 1 to 3 Kazakh ethnic students were sampled using a cluster sampling method from 7 primary schools in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from April to June, 2022. Demographics and dietary behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys, and the height and body weight were measured, while peripheral blood hemoglobin was detected. Factors affecting anemia were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 2 378 questionnaires were allocated, and 2 214 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 93.10%. The respondents included 1 123 men (50.72%) and 1 091 women (49.28%), and had a mean age of (8.12±1.41) years. The prevalence of anemia was 22.49%, and the detection rates of mild and moderate anemia were 15.31% and 7.18%, with no severe anemia detected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified frequency of eating eggs (0, OR=2.532, 95%CI: 2.114-3.015; 1 to 3 times/week, OR=1.926, 95%CI: 1.648-2.216), frequency of eating meat (1 to 3 times/week, OR=1.468, 95%CI: 1.256-1.689; 4 to 7 times/week, OR=2.212, 95%CI: 1.823-2.641), frequency of healthy check-up (0, OR=2.872, 95%CI: 2.523-3.231; 1 time/year, OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.546-2.108), monthly mean household income (1 500 Yuan and lower per month, OR=1.324, 95%CI: 1.071-1.582; 1 501 to 3 000 Yuan per month, OR=1.124, 95%CI: 1.029-1.221) and caregiver (grandparents, OR=1.175, 95%CI: 1.038-1.324; others, OR=1.241, 95%CI: 1.032-1.466) as factors affecting anemia.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of anemia is 22.49% among primary school students from Kazakh ethnic groups in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with mild anemia as the predominant type. Dietary behaviors, frequency of healthy check-up, economic status and caregiver may affect the development of anemia.

Blood pressure phenotype, lipid fractions and type 2 diabetes: a trans-ethnic mendelian randomization study / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the causal associations of two blood pressure phenotype and four lipid fractions with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in European and East Asian populations using Two-Sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods:Blood pressure phenotype, lipid fractions and T2DM genetic loci from two ethnics were matched and combined according to single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) numbering. With SNPs closely related to the exposure phenotype as instrumental variables, the inverse variance weighting method was used to analyze the causal effects of blood pressure phenotype and lipid fractions on T2DM in different ethnic groups. The sensitivity analysis was conducted using MR-Egger regression model, Weighted Median method, MR-PRESSO, MR-robust Adjusted Profile Score, and leave-one-out method.Results:Among European populations, systolic blood pressure( OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.23-1.59, P<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure( OR =1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42, P=0.002)were associated with increased risk of T2DM while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol( OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.62-0.76, P<0.001) reduced the risk of T2DM. In East Asian ethnicity, elevated diastolic blood pressure( OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.95, P=0.007) reduced the risk of T2DM. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the results. Conclusion:There are differences in the effects of blood pressure phenotype and lipid composition on T2DM in different ethnic groups, which may be related to population heterogeneity and exposure sensitivity. It should be taken into consideration in extrapolation.

Relationship between histone deacetylase gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bai and Han populations in Dali of Yunnan Province / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the relationship between histone deacetylase (HDAC) gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bai and Han populations in Dali of Yunnan province.Methods:A total of 148 patients with T2DM of Bai and Han nationalities who received treatment in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital from May 2019 to March 2021 were included in the T2DM group. An additional 100 healthy controls of Bai and Han nationalities who concurrently received physical examination in the same hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were included in the normal control group. The susceptibility genes of T2DM were detected using the Taqman MGB probe method. The susceptibility gene loci were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The whole sequence of susceptibility gene was sequenced.Results:There were no significant differences in the distribution frequencies of rs2530223 genotype, rs11741808 genotype, rs2547547 genotype, and rs1741981 genotype between Bai and Han populations (all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in blood lipid level between four loci ( t = -1.06, -0.19, 0.39, -2.12, -2.04, 0.16, 1.47, < 0.01, -0.16, -3.17, -2.93, 0.69, -2.58, -2.33, all P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance between different states (all P < 0.05). The frequency distributions of each genotype and each allele did not differ significantly between healthy control people of Bai nationality and T2DM patients of Bai nationality and between healthy control people of Han nationality and T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the polymorphism was not an independent risk factor for T2DM. Conclusion:The relationships between HDAC gene polymorphism and T2DM, obesity and dyslipidemia differ between Bai and Han populations.

Nutritional physical indexes, obesity status and their warning effect on hypertension among Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze the nutritional level, obesity status and the prevalence of frypertension in Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan, to explore the relationship among nutritional physical index, obesity indicators and blood pressure, and use the cutoff value of related indicators to warn frypertension. Methods This paper was based on a statistical analysis of the 7 nutritional pfrysical indexes, 5 types of obesity status and frypertension status of 766 Blang, 570 Deang and 565 Va. Results We found that the nutritional pfrysique index of man)' items (4 items for men and 4 items for women) of Blang was significantly higher than that of Deang and Va (P Blang > Deang and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Pelidisi' s index, WHR, and PBF all have good early warning effects on frypertension in all three ethnic groups.

Analysis on the characteristics of rural blood donation population in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the status and characteristics of voluntary blood donors in rural areas of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (referred as Dali), and to provide basis for scientific and effective voluntary blood donation in rural population in regions inhabited by ethnic groups. 【Methods】 The data of rural blood donors who donated blood in Dali from 2010 to 2019 were collected, including demographic data as nationality, gender, age, educational background, as well as the blood donation frequency and blood infection screening (index) results. The above data of urban blood donors who donated blood in Dali during the same period were selected to investigate the increasing trend of blood donation rate. SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis of the collected data of rural and urban blood donation population. 【Results】 From 2010 to 2019,the number of blood donors in Dali increased from 13 949 to 19 479,with an increasing rate of 39.64%. The number of rural blood donors increased from 2 623 to 8 727,among which the number of ethnic minority groups increased from 1 779 to 5 059.The ratio of male to female blood donors was 70.30% (1 844/2 623) vs 29.70% (779/2 623) in 2010,56.37% (4 919/8 727) vs 43.63%(3 808/8 727) in 2019. Those with educational level of junior middle school or below were the most, accounted for 43.97%(38 443/85 836),with ethnic donors of 24.47%(23 583/85 836). The proportion of donors aged between 36 and 45 was the highest[40.73% (30 477/74 827) ], with ethnic donors of [28.56% (21 374/74 827), and the proportion of repeated blood donors was 54.87%(35 279/64 299),with ethnic donors of 49.89%(18 080/36 240) [the proportion of repeated blood donors in urban donors in the same period was 48.13% (55 677/115 675) ] (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 It is of great significance to explore the characteristics of blood donors in rural areas (especially regions inhabited by ethnic groups) and the reasons for disqualification, in order to scientifically carry out the recruitment of voluntary blood donors and further promote blood donation for rural residents

Investigation and analysis of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and secondary school students in Urumqi / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the differences of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and middle school students in Urumqi.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey. A total of 2 495 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 18 from 4 schools in Urumqi were selected by judgemental sampling from September 2021 to November 2021 for relevant eye examination. The differences of ocular biological parameters and refractive status of students of different ages, genders and nationalities were compared, and the correlation between spherical equivalent(SE)and ocular biological parameters was analyzed.RESULTS: The detection rate of poor vision among the students was 80.36%, the detection rate of myopia was 55.91%, and the detection rate of astigmatism was 42.96%, among which the detection rate of low myopia was 63.80%, the detection rate of moderate myopia was 27.60%, and the detection rate of high myopia was 8.60%. There were significant differences in the detection rate of poor vision, myopia, astigmatism, SE and some ocular biological parameters among students of different ages and nationalities(all P<0.05). Among them, the detection rate of myopia, astigmatism and poor vision among Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups was significantly lower than that of Han. The detection rate of poor vision and myopia among boys was lower than that among girls, while the detection rate of astigmatism was higher than that of girls. Spearman correlation analysis showed that axis length of eye, axial length to axial ratio, anterior chamber depth, and pupil diameter were negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.664, -0.724, -0.320, -0.086, all P<0.001), and lens thickness was positively correlated with SE(rs=0.147, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi is high, and there are differences in the distribution of ocular biological parameters among children and adolescents of different ages and ethnicities.

Current Situation and Problems of the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中医杂志

@#The intangible cultural heritage of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is the essence of the treasure house of TCM. The State Council has successively announced five batches of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects and lists of inheritors， including 182 projects and 130 inheritors in traditional medicine. A systematic analysis of current traditional medicine projects and inheritors has found problems such as unreasonable categorization， obvious category bias， large regional distribution gap， serious aging of the inheritance team， and under emphasizing in ethnic minority medicine. Therefore， it is suggested to adjust categories， balance development， rationalize categories， and increase attention， thereby providing reference for the protection of TCM intangible cultural heritage.

Current Situation and Problems of the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中医杂志

The intangible cultural heritage of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is the essence of the treasure house of TCM. The State Council has successively announced five batches of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects and lists of inheritors， including 182 projects and 130 inheritors in traditional medicine. A systematic analysis of current traditional medicine projects and inheritors has found problems such as unreasonable categorization， obvious category bias， large regional distribution gap， serious aging of the inheritance team， and under emphasizing in ethnic minority medicine. Therefore， it is suggested to adjust categories， balance development， rationalize categories， and increase attention， thereby providing reference for the protection of TCM intangible cultural heritage.

A vida no quilombo: trabalho, afeto e cuidado nas palavras e imagens de mulheres quilombolas / Life in the quilombo: work, affection and care in the words and images of quilombola women / La vida en el quilombo: trabajo, afecto y cuidado en las palabras e imágenes de las mujeres quilombolas

As comunidades quilombolas no Brasil possuem uma relação essencial com o território, pois, por meio da relação com a terra, as quilombolas autoafirmam a sua identidade étnico-racial. Este estudo reflete sobre como as mulheres do quilombo da Pinguela, localizado no interior do estado da Bahia, Brasil, constroem a sua identidade. O projeto foi desenvolvido a partir do Photovoice e de narrativas construídas nos marcos do diálogo autêntico e da sororidade. Os resultados revelam as principais questões vivenciadas pelas mulheres em seus cotidianos, como a disputa pelo território e a valorização da terra, além do cuidado com a comunidade e relações sociais baseadas na solidariedade. O estudo evidenciou o silenciamento histórico e constante das dificuldades enfrentadas por essa população, assim como a necessidade urgente de implementação de políticas públicas que reconheçam e respeitem os valores e direitos da população quilombola brasileira.(AU)

Quilombola communities in Brazil have an essential relationship with territory, as it is through their relationship with the land that Quilombolas affirm their ethnic-racial identity. This study reflects upon how women from the Pinguela quilombo in inland Bahia, Brazil, construct their identity. The project was developed using photovoice and narratives were created within a framework of authentic dialogue and sisterhood. The findings reveal the main problems faced by the women in their daily lives, including territorial disputes and valorization of land, as well as caring for the community and social relationships based on solidarity. The study evidenced the historic and constant silencing of the hardships faced by this population and the urgent need for the implementation of public policies that recognize and respect the values and rights of the Quilombola population in Brazil.(AU)

Las comunidades quilombolas en Brasil tienen una relación esencial con el territorio, puesto que por medio de la relación con la tierra las quilombolas autoafirman su identidad étnico-racial. Este estudio reflexiona sobre cómo las mujeres del quilombo de Pinguela, localizado en el interior del estado de Bahia, Brasil, construyen su identidad. El proyecto se desarrolló a partir del Photovoice y de las narrativas construidas en los marcos del diálogo auténtico y de la hermandad. Los resultados revelan las principales cuestiones vividas por las mujeres en su cotidiano, como la disputa por el territorio y la valorización de la tierra, además del cuidado con la comunidad y relaciones sociales basadas en la solidaridad. El estudio puso en evidencia el silenciamiento histórico y constante de las dificultades enfrentadas por esta población, así como la necesidad urgente de implementación de políticas públicas que reconozcan y respeten los valores y derechos de la población quilombola brasileña.(AU)

Identidade indígena: olhares a partir da Psicologia Social / Indigenous identity: a view from social psychology / Identidad indígena: miradas desde la Psicología Social

Resumo Este estudo consiste numa revisão integrativa cujo objetivo é identificar como a Psicologia Social tem abordado as questões relativas à identidade indígena. O levantamento foi feito a partir de artigos que tratam das questões indígenas na perspectiva da Psicologia Social nas bases eletrônicas: SciELO, Pepsic, LILACS, BVS- Psi e APA. Os descritores foram: identidade étnica, indígena, índio, identidade social e Psicologia social. Considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram compilados 19 estudos nacionais e internacionais referentes à última década, publicados em revistas de psicologia, evidenciando o caráter recente de estudos que aproximem a Psicologia Social de estudos sobre identidade indígena. Por meio do levantamento realizado, verificou-se que as publicações sobreA o tema se organizaram em quatro eixos: (1) compreensão da identidade étnica a partir da Psicologia Social; (2) representações sociais, preconceito e discriminação contra indígenas; (3) efeitos da relação interétnica para indígenas; e (4) os desafios da relação pesquisador e indígenas.

Abstract This study consists in a integrative review whose aim is to identify how social psychology has abroached the questions relating to indigenous identity. The survey was done from articles that deal with indigenous questions in the perspective of social psychology in electronic bases: SciELO, Pepsic, LILACS, BVS-Psi e APA. The descriptors were: ethnic identity, indigenous, indian, social identity and social psychology. By considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 national and internacional studies were compiled, referring to the last decade, published Psychology magazines, by making evident the recent character of studies that may approximate Social Psychology and indigenous identity. By means of accomplished survey, it was found that the publications about the theme were organized in four axes: (1) comprehension of ethnic identity to arise from Social Psychology; (2) Social representations, preconception and discrimination against indigenous; (3) Effects of the interethnic relationship for indigenous and (4) The challenges of the relationship between the researcher and indigenous.

Resumen Este estudio consiste en una revisión integradora cuyo objetivo es identificar cómo la Psicología Social ha abordado cuestiones relacionadas con la identidad indígena. El relevamiento se realizó a partir de artículos que abordan la temática indígena desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social en bases de datos electrónicas: SciELO, Pepsic, LILACS, BVS-Psi y APA. Los descriptores fueron: identidad étnica, indígena, indígena, identidad social y psicología social. Considerando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se compilaron 19 estudios nacionales e internacionales referentes a la última década, publicados en revistas de psicología, evidenciando el carácter reciente de los estudios que acercan la Psicología Social a los estudios sobre la identidad indígena. A través de la encuesta realizada, se encontró que las publicaciones sobre el tema estaban organizadas en cuatro ejes: (1) comprensión de la identidad étnica desde la Psicología Social; (2) representaciones sociales, prejuicios y discriminación contra los pueblos indígenas; (3) efectos de la relación interétnica para los pueblos indígenas; y (4) los desafíos de la relación investigador-indígena.