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RESUMEN Introducción: El aumento de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos comúnmente empleados para el tratamiento de infecciones cutáneas pone en manifiesto la necesidad de encontrar medicamentos alternativos y eficaces, capaces de contrarrestar este problema de salud que no sólo implica una región, sino que se ha convertido en un problema de salud mundial. Se ha demostrado que un novedoso complejo a base de tinidazol y cobre ([Cu(tnz)2(NO3)2]) posee buena actividad antimicrobiana, sin embargo, para que pueda emplearse como una alternativa para el uso tópico, debe poseer las características necesarias para incorporarse en una formulación que permita su aplicación. Objetivo: Las formas farmacéuticas semisólidas constituyen el grupo más empleado dentro de las formulaciones dermatológicas; se elaboraron dos tipos formulaciones una tipo crema y otra crema-gel, con el fin de verificar en cuál de ellas incorpora convenientemente el complejo [Cu(tnz)2(NO3)2]. Para ambas formulaciones se determinaron las propiedades organolépticas, pH, área de extensibilidad, viscosidad, y tamaño de partícula del complejo. Resultados: Obtenidos evidencian las ventajas de la formulación tipo crema frente a la crema-gel.
SUMMARY Introduction: The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of skin infections highlights the need to find alternative and effective drugs, capable of counteracting this health problem that not only involves a region but has become into a global health problem. A novel complex based on tinidazole and copper ([Cu(tnz)2(NO3)2]) has been shown to have good antimicrobial activity, however, in order to be used as an alternative for topical use, it must have the characteristics necessary to be incorporated into a formulation that allows its application. Aim: Semi-solid pharmaceutical forms are the most widely used group within dermatological formulations; Two types of formulations were elaborated, one type of cream and the other cream-gel, in order to verify in which of them the complex [Cu(tnz)2(NO3)2] is conveniently incorporated. For both formulations, the organoleptic properties, pH, area of extensibility, viscosity, and particle size of the complex were determined. Results: Obtained show the advantages of the cream-type formulation compared to the cream-gel.
RESUMO Introdução: O aumento da resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos comumente utilizados no tratamento de infecções cutâneas evidencia a necessidade de encontrar medicamentos alternativos e eficazes, capazes de fazer frente a esse problema de saúde que não envolve apenas uma região, mas se tornou um problema de saúde global. Um novo complexo à base de tinidazol e cobre ([Cu(tnz)2(NO3)2]) demonstrou ter boa atividade antimicrobiana, porém, para ser utilizado como alternativa para uso tópico, deve ter as características necessárias para ser incorporado em uma formulação que permita sua aplicação. Objetivo: As formas farmacêuticas semissól-idas são o grupo mais utilizado nas formulações dermatológicas; foram elaborados dois tipos de formulações, um tipo creme e outra creme-gel, a fim de verificar em qual delas o complexo [Cu(tnz)2(NO3)2] está convenientemente incorporado. Para ambas as formulações foram determinadas as propriedades organolépticas, pH, área de extensibilidade, viscosidade e tamanho de partícula do complexo. Resultados: Os obtidos mostram as vantagens da formulação tipo creme em relação ao gel-creme.
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Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been noted as an effective pre-conditioning intervention for an increase of the rate of development (RFD). However, it is unknown whether NMES increases muscle flexibility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque level for 5 seconds used as a warm-up is effective for improving the range of motion (ROM) following increased tolerance for muscle extensibility with/without alteration of the MTU stiffness. Methods and Results: Maximum ROM and ROM with standardized torque (30N) were measured in both legs in thirteen healthy males before and after NMES intervention at a 20% MVIC level for 5 seconds. The maximum ROM increased after intervention compared with before intervention on the NMES side, while it was not changed on the non-NMES side. In addition, there were no significant differences in the ROM with standardized torque in any measurements. Conclusion: It is concluded that NMES at 20% MVIC for 5 seconds could be effective for improving ROM following an increased tolerance for muscle extensibility without alteration of the MTU stiffness.
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Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been noted as an effective pre-conditioning intervention for an increase of the rate of development (RFD). However, it is unknown whether NMES increases muscle flexibility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque level for 5 seconds used as a warm-up is effective for improving the range of motion (ROM) following increased tolerance for muscle extensibility with/without alteration of the MTU stiffness. Methods and Results: Maximum ROM and ROM with standardized torque (30N) were measured in both legs in thirteen healthy males before and after NMES intervention at a 20% MVIC level for 5 seconds. The maximum ROM increased after intervention compared with before intervention on the NMES side, while it was not changed on the non-NMES side. In addition, there were no significant differences in the ROM with standardized torque in any measurements. Conclusion: It is concluded that NMES at 20% MVIC for 5 seconds could be effective for improving ROM following an increased tolerance for muscle extensibility without alteration of the MTU stiffness.
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BACKGROUND: Far-infrared wave therapy can accelerate blood flow rapidly, strengthen the exchange of substance and energy among tissues, and promote the rapid recovery of musculoskeletal micro-injury. The far-infrared ceramic microsphere is a new functional rehabilitation material in the field of physical therapy and rehabilitation in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To verify the therapeutic effectiveness of far-infrared ceramic microsphere intervention on muscle extensibility, stiffness, and elasticity after musculoskeletal injury. METHODS: Male students aged 18-21 years who were diagnosed with posterior femoral muscle injury in each sports specialty were selected as test subjects. Twenty subjects were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n=10/group), and then underwent far-infrared therapeutic apparatus (control group) and far-infrared ceramic microsphere intervention treatment (trial group) for 2 consecutive weeks. A non-invasive muscle detection system was used to collect muscle extensibility, muscle stiffness, and muscle elasticity data before and 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The muscle extensibility in the trial group at 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment was higher than that before treatment (P 0.05). In the control group, the muscle extensibility at 14 days after treatment was higher than that before treatment (P 0.05). In the control group, the muscle stiffness at 14 days after treatment was higher than that before treatment (P 0.05). In the control group, the muscle elasticity at 14 days after treatment was higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), but it was still lower than that of the healthy side (P < 0.05). The muscle elasticity at different time points in the trial group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (4) In summary, far-infrared ceramic microspheres can improve muscle extensibility and elasticity, reduce muscle stiffness and promote the recovery of muscle damage.
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<b>Background:</b> To investigate the effect of high-voltage alternating current (AC) electric field exposure on muscle extensibility. <BR><b>Methods:</b> The study design was a crossover comparison. Fifteen healthy men were randomly divided into two groups. The interventions were exposure and no exposure to a high-voltage AC electric field (18 kV, 30 min). Subjects then performed bilateral self-stretching of the trapezius, hamstrings, and rectus femoris. Skin temperature, blood flow rate, blood pressure, heart rate, muscle rigidity, and muscle extensibility were measured before and after the intervention, and muscle rigidity and muscle extensibility were measured again after stretching. Skin temperature was measured bilaterally on the palms, shoulder girdle, anterior thigh, and dorsum of foot. Blood flow rate was measured in the right radial artery and dorsal artery of the foot. Muscle rigidity was measured bilaterally in the trapezius, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris. Muscle extensibility indices were determined for the left and right angle of lateral neck flexion, heel-buttock distance, straight leg raise angle, and sit-and-reach distance. Skin temperature, blood flow rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were compared between before and after the intervention, and muscle rigidity and muscle extensibility were compared before and after the intervention and after stretching.<BR><b>Results:</b> A significant improvement was found in muscle extensibility in the intervention group but not in the controls. Muscle extensibility improvements due to stretching were noted regardless of electric field exposure, but the degree and percentage of change in muscle extensibility was significantly higher after stretching following electric field exposure. Electric field exposure had no effect on muscle rigidity or circulatory dynamics.<BR><b>Conclusions:</b> Exposure to the high-voltage AC electric field appeared to increase muscle extensibility and heighten the effect of stretching. However, as the mechanism for improved muscle extensibility due to high-voltage AC electric field exposure was not clear, further study is necessary.
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Background: To investigate the effect of high-voltage alternating current (AC) electric field exposure on muscle extensibility. Methods: The study design was a crossover comparison. Fifteen healthy men were randomly divided into two groups. The interventions were exposure and no exposure to a high-voltage AC electric field (18 kV, 30 min). Subjects then performed bilateral self-stretching of the trapezius, hamstrings, and rectus femoris. Skin temperature, blood flow rate, blood pressure, heart rate, muscle rigidity, and muscle extensibility were measured before and after the intervention, and muscle rigidity and muscle extensibility were measured again after stretching. Skin temperature was measured bilaterally on the palms, shoulder girdle, anterior thigh, and dorsum of foot. Blood flow rate was measured in the right radial artery and dorsal artery of the foot. Muscle rigidity was measured bilaterally in the trapezius, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris. Muscle extensibility indices were determined for the left and right angle of lateral neck flexion, heel-buttock distance, straight leg raise angle, and sit-and-reach distance. Skin temperature, blood flow rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were compared between before and after the intervention, and muscle rigidity and muscle extensibility were compared before and after the intervention and after stretching. Results: A significant improvement was found in muscle extensibility in the intervention group but not in the controls. Muscle extensibility improvements due to stretching were noted regardless of electric field exposure, but the degree and percentage of change in muscle extensibility was significantly higher after stretching following electric field exposure. Electric field exposure had no effect on muscle rigidity or circulatory dynamics. Conclusions: Exposure to the high-voltage AC electric field appeared to increase muscle extensibility and heighten the effect of stretching. However, as the mechanism for improved muscle extensibility due to high-voltage AC electric field exposure was not clear, further study is necessary.
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El objetivo fue determinar la influencia de un programa de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural en la extensibilidad de jugadores de fútbol. Un total de 17 futbolistas de 3 división (media de edad: 25,12 +/- 4,16 años) y 19 sujetos sedentarios (media de edad: 24,26 +/- 5,64 años) (grupo control) participaron voluntariamente en el estudio. El grupo de futbolistas realizó, durante un periodo de 16 semanas, un plan específico de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural, que fue incluido dentro de su plan de entrenamiento, realizando dos series de cuatro estiramientos en las cuatro sesiones semanales de entrenamiento. El grupo control estuvo compuesto por adultos jóvenes varones que no realizaban actividad física alguna. A todos ellos se les valoró la extensibilidad isquiosural al inicio del programa (pre-test), a las 8 semanas (test intermedio) y al finalizar el programa (16 semanas, post-test) mediante el test de elevación de la pierna recta activo (EPR). Se encontró una mejora significativa (p < 0,001) en los valores obtenidos por los futbolistas entre el pre-test y el post-test en ambos miembros (68,90 +/- 9,04 y 77,80 +/- 8,25 en la pierna derecha; 66,10 +/- 8,15 y 77,10 +/- 7,77 en la izquierda, respectivamente). También se encontraron diferencias entre la valoración intermedia y el post-test (p < 0,016). Respecto al grupo de sedentarios, los valores del EPR se redujeron paulatinamente entre las tres mediciones. En todas las valoraciones realizadas, los futbolistas alcanzaron valores angulares significativamente superiores respecto a los sujetos sedentarios. La implementación de un programa específico de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural, al finalizar las sesiones de entrenamiento, en jugadores de fútbol, produce mejoras en la extensibilidad de esta musculatura, reduciéndose los casos de jugadores con una extensibilidad isquiosural reducida...
The objective was to determine the influence of hamstring stretching program on hamstring extensibility in soccer players. Seventeen amateur soccer players (mean age: 25.12 ± 4.16 years) and 19 sedentary subjects (control group) (mean age: 24.26 +/- 5.64 years) were recruited. The soccer players group performed a hamstring stretching program during the four weekly training sessions for a period of 16 weeks. The stretching program included four exercises and each session consisted of 2 sets of each exercise. The control group did not participate in any hamstring-stretching or physical exercise program. Hamstring muscle extensibility was determined by active straight leg raise angle before (pre-test), at 8 weeks (intermediate-test) and after the 16 weeks (post-test) hamstring-stretching program. Significant improvements (p < 0.001) were found in SLR angles for the experimental group in post-test for both limbs (68.90 +/- 9.04 and 77.80 +/- 8.25 in the right leg; 66.10 +/- 8.15 and 77.10 +/- 7.77 in the left leg, respectively). The SLR values decreased between measures in sedentary subjects. Active straight leg raise values of the soccer players were significantly higher in all measures. This study indicates that a stretching program performed at finish of training sessions increases the hamstring extensibility in soccer players, reducing the frequency of players with reduced hamstring extensibility...
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Ejercicios de Estiramiento Muscular , Músculos/fisiología , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Fútbol , Análisis de VarianzaRESUMEN
The flow of chromatin from the nuclei of mouse liver cells and spermatozoa after treatment with concentratedsaline and detergent solutions under the simultaneous action of gravity results in the formation of extendedchromatin fibers (ECF). In mouse somatic nuclei, the increase in chromatin condensation is accompaniedby a decrease in the frequency of ECF formation. Since tightly packed chromatin with a very lysine-richhistone variant that resembles somatic H1 histones occurs in honey bee spermatozoa, we examined theformation of ECF in sperm cells of Apis mellifera, and compared the findings with data for mouse cells.Freshly prepared smears of fixed and unfixed semen from A. mellifera were lysed under the action of gravity,stained with toluidine blue at pH 4.0, and examined with polarized and unpolarized light. A protocol usingunfixed preparations and a short lysis period that resulted in abundant ECF production in mouse hepatocytes(which contain loosely-packed chromatin) and sperm cells produced ECF in only a few spermatozoa of A.mellifera. In contrast, a protocol using fixed preparations and a long lysis period produced fewer ECFs inthe former two cell types and no ECF formation in honey bee spermatozoa. The limited chromatin fluidityin A. mellifera spermatozoa may reflect their special DNA-protein composition and organization in the cellnuclei, the participation of nuclear matrix elements, a less effective disruption of the nuclear envelope andplasmalemmal components during lysis, and/or cytoplasmic spatial constraints resulting from particularitiesin the acrosomal complex.