External Fixation using Acrylic versus Epoxy as a Connecting bar for Repair of Compound Fracture in Goat

The study was conducted on 10 goats, aged between 10 months to 5 years, brought to T.V.C.C, Jabalpur for the treatment of compound fracture in metacarpal and tibia. The animals were selected irrespective of their age, sex, breed and body weight. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. In group I, external skeletal fixation using Acrylic as the connecting bar was applied whereas in group II, Epoxy putty was used as the connecting bar. Wound area at fracture site decreased significantly at 30th day as compared to 0 day. The mean radiographic score increased significantly at 30th day and was highest at 60th day. Weight bearing score improved on 15th day and complete weight bearing was observed on 12th to 30th days in all goats. Pin loosening, pin tract drainage and inflammation were observed post-operatively

Biological evaluation of scaffold materials for external skeletal fixation / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To provide integral biological assessment on carbon fiber,aluminum alloy (6061)and stainless steel (05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb)for external skeletal fixation.Methods According to biological evaluation criterion of medical devices, four tests in vitro and vivo were selected on the basis of the GB/T 14233.2—2005 and GB/T 16886 serial standards. The cytotoxicity test determined with MTT method. Acute general toxicity test, tests for irritation and delayed -type hypersensitivity were to evaluate biological safety by two leaching media of polar solvent (sodium chloride) and nonpolar solvent (cottonseed oil).Results The scaffold materials of external skeletal fixation had no cell toxicity in vitro.The three materials had none of acute general toxicity, skin irritation and sensitization in sodium chloride and cottonseed oil. Conclusion Carbon fiber,aluminum alloy (6061)and stainless steel (05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb)are kinds of bone external scaffold materials with high biocompatibility and can be safely applied for clinical use.

Epoxy putty external skeletal fixation in a tibiotarsal fracture of a wild choroy parakeet (Enicognathus leptorhynchus) / Fixação externa com massa epóxi em uma fratura tibiotársica de um periquito choroy selvage (Enicognathus leptorhynchus)

Tibiotarsal fractures are common in birds because in most birds this is the longest, most exposed bone in the leg. Transverse fractures are most common and rotational and shear forces must be stabilized in order to achieve good bone regeneration. A 230g male Slender-billed Parakeet or Choroy parakeet (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), with more than five years of age, was received with non-weight bearing lameness with 24 hours duration. X-rays were taken, and these revealed a closed, complete, non-comminuted transverse fracture of the distal diaphysis of the left tibiotarsal bone. Fixation was planned with 10-minute fast-setting epoxy putty. In order to assess the temperature of polymerization of the epoxy dough and the possibility of heat-bone necrosis, the temperature was recorded every 30 seconds for 12 minutes with three different amounts of the epoxy material in an ex vivo test. The temperature of the pieces reached a peak of 50-60ºC, where the highest peak corresponds to the highest amount of material. When approximately 6g of putty were used, the peak temperature reached only 51ºC. This peak changed to 58ºC when 4 times more epoxy was mixed and measured. If the temperature of the pins inserted in the bone exceeds 70ºC, bone necrosis could occur. In light of these results, the fracture was treated with 6 g of epoxy putty that was allowed to polymerize over a 1A 2/2 external skeletal fixation, with 1-mm pins bent at 90º and joined together with cerclage wire. At 6 weeks after surgery the bird had formed a good primary bone callus, and the external fixators were therefore removed. With this approach a satisfactory recovery of the patient was achieved with normal use of the affected limb.

Fraturas tibiotársicas são comuns em aves, pois, na maioria das aves, o tibiotarso é o osso mais longo e exposto nesses animais. Fraturas transversais são mais comuns, sendo que as forças de rotação e cisalhamento devem ser estabilizadas de modo a alcançar uma boa regeneração óssea. Um periquito macho do tipo psitacídeo de 230g, com mais de 5 anos, foi recebido apresentando claudicação a 24 horas não devido a transferência de carga. Os exames radiográficos revelaram uma fratura fechada completa, não triturada, transversal de diáfise distal do osso esquerdo tibiotársico. A fixação foi feita com massa epóxi de endurecimento rápido (10 minutos). A fim de avaliar a temperatura de polimerização da massa epóxi e a possibilidade de necrose desses ossos, a temperatura foi registrada a cada 30 segundos durante 12 minutos, com três quantidades diferentes de epóxi em teste in vivo. A temperatura das amostras fragmentadas atingiu um pico de 50-60ºC, em que o pico mais elevado corresponde à maior quantidade de massa epóxi. Quando foram utilizados cerca de 6g de massa de vidraceiro, o pico de temperatura foi de apenas 51ºC. Esse pico foi alterado para 58ºC quando se aumentou a quantidade de massa epóxi quatro vezes. Se a temperatura dos pinos inseridos no osso for superior a 70ºC, pode ocorrer necrose do osso. À luz desses resultados, a fratura foi tratada com 6g de massa epóxi deixada polimerizar sobre uma fixação externa, em configurações 1A 2/2 usando pinos de 1mm, dobrados em 90º e unidos com fios de cerclage. Após 6 semanas da cirurgia, o pássaro tinha formado um calo ósseo primário, sendo os fixadores externos removidos. Com essa abordagem, conclui-se que houve a restauração das funções normais do membro e total recuperação da ave.

A Clinical Analysis on Treatment of Lower Extremty Injuries Using External Monofixateur / 대한정형외과학회잡지

External fixators are popular in treatment of the open fractures of long bones, especially tibia, associated with soft tissue injury, because they prevent further injury to the injured soft tissue and bone. Over the past ten years, bilateral frame external fixtors such as Hoffmann system had been used for lower extremity lesions. But they had many disadvantages like that bilateral frames were less rigid in A-P plane bending moment mechanically, therefore unilateral frame external fixators such as Monofixateur have been introduced recently. The Monofixateur was able to fix the fracture rigidly and compress, distract and neutralize the fracture site and could be used as a static and dynamic stabilizer. We have treated 19 cases using Monofixateur of the Gotzen type for open fractures of lower extremity from October 1984 to Febrary 1987. The summary of the results obtainained from this study are as follows : 1. Monofixateur was easy to use, simple and light. It provided a rigid stability to fracture. 2. It was possible to allow static stabilization on the unstable fracture, whereas dynamic stabilization on the stable fracture. 3. Application was easier than any other type of external fixators from the view point of using a few screws and unilateral frame, therefore it could prevent further soft tissue injury and was easy to secondary operation. 4. It was possible to use for short fracture fragment of the proximal or distal fractures of the long bone. 5. The fracture healing time averaged 32.5 weeks and there were marked differences of the fracture healing time between open type I, II and III fractures. 6. There was little complication such as pin tract infection and ankylosis of the joint.

THE USE OF A MINIATURE EXTERNAL FIXATOR FOR THE COMPRESSION TREATMENT OF PATELLAR FRACTURE:A REPORT OF 60 CASES / 解放军医学杂志

Sixty cases of different types of patellar fractures were treated from December 1986 to October 1990 by a self-designed miniature external fixator. The patients were followed-up for 6 months to 4 years, and there was not a single case of infection, prepatellar bursitis or early degeneration of the knee joint. The structure of the fixator is simple and the operation is easy. It is a versatile tool, because it can be used either for extension or for compression.since the pins are inserted without operation, it gives rise to little pain. Under the present treatment bone healing is rapid and the function of the knee joint is well preserved. The rate of excellent result reaches 98.2 per cent