Female genital mutilation and male involvement: Insights of men and women in two counties in Kenya

This qualitative study, conducted in Meru and Kajiado counties in Kenya, explored the perceptions and attitudes of men and women regarding male involvement in FGM in order to inform the design of male involvement strategies in FGM abandonment. We used focus group discussions to collect the data which was then subjected to thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged from the data: i) culture and the role of men; ii) perceived awareness and knowledge of FGM among men, and iii) credible and customised education and engagement. The study found widespread agreement on the importance of male involvement in FGM abandonment. Culture played an important role in determining the extent of involvement, or lack thereof. We conclude that while culture needs to be respected it ought to be challenged to avoid the continued harm to girls. The potential of men as a collective to bring about change was evident, and policy makers and NGOs should utilise the power of male collectives to support efforts to abandon FGM

Modal and Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Dental Implant.

Dental implant is considered to be the best treatment when dealing with the loss of teeth. It gives beautiful results and can last longer than most of other treatments. Since the Osseo-integration period is a critical period for implant stability, so the used material for dental implant is one of the most factors affecting the stability and Functionally Graded Material (FGM) is one of the opportunities to improve it. The aim of this research is to carry out modal analysis and vibration analysis analytically for functionally graded Dental Implant. In this study several models for dental implant was analyzed by ANSYS15.0 APDL. The functionally graded material was considered in three models. The same materials, Ti-HA, where used in all of them but with different ratio in each. The natural frequency and mode shapes were extracted for all models. The frequency responses of functionally graded Dental Implant after performing a static analysis for each modal have been studied. It was noticed using modal analysis that all of the extracted results for FGM are vary between the two basic materials and it is affected by the concentration of each. It is firmly believed that FGM is the future of dental implant due to the ability of designing a specific material property to be more stable. A comparison of the materials that utilized in FGM when the ration of each 100% was performed as well as an evaluation for the classical dental implant. It is firmly believed that FGM is the future of dental implant due to the ability of designing a specific material property to be more stable.